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Article: Cell competition drives bronchiolization and pulmonary fibrosis.

Warren, Rachel / Klinkhammer, Kylie / Lyu, Handeng / Yao, Changfu / Stripp, Barry / De Langhe, Stijn P

Research square

2024

Abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive scarring disease arising from the maladaptive differentiation of lung stem cells into bronchial epithelial cells rather than into alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells, which are responsible for gas exchange. ... ...

Abstract	Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive scarring disease arising from the maladaptive differentiation of lung stem cells into bronchial epithelial cells rather than into alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells, which are responsible for gas exchange. Here, we report that healthy lungs maintain their stem cells through tonic Hippo and β-catenin signaling, which promote Yap/Taz degradation and allow for low level expression of the Wnt target gene
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.21203/rs.3.rs-4177351/v1
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Article ; Online: Hippo signaling impairs alveolar epithelial regeneration in pulmonary fibrosis.

Warren, Rachel / Lyu, Handeng / Klinkhammer, Kylie / De Langhe, Stijn P

eLife

2023 Volume 12

Abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) consists of fibrotic alveolar remodeling and progressive loss of pulmonary function. Genetic and experimental evidence indicates that chronic alveolar injury and failure to properly repair the respiratory epithelium ... ...

Abstract	Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) consists of fibrotic alveolar remodeling and progressive loss of pulmonary function. Genetic and experimental evidence indicates that chronic alveolar injury and failure to properly repair the respiratory epithelium are intrinsic to IPF pathogenesis. Loss of alveolar type 2 (AT2) stem cells or mutations that either impair their self-renewal and/or impair their differentiation into AT1 cells can serve as a trigger of pulmonary fibrosis. Recent reports indicate increased YAP activity in respiratory epithelial cells in IPF lungs. Individual IPF epithelial cells with aberrant YAP activation in bronchiolized regions frequently co-express AT1, AT2, conducting airway selective markers and even mesenchymal or EMT markers, demonstrating 'indeterminate' states of differentiation and suggesting that aberrant YAP signaling might promote pulmonary fibrosis. Yet, Yap and Taz have recently also been shown to be important for AT1 cell maintenance and alveolar epithelial regeneration after
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hippo Signaling Pathway ; Lung/pathology ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Bleomycin/toxicity ; Bleomycin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Transcription Factors ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Bleomycin (11056-06-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.85092
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Article ; Online: Addressing risks to biodiversity arising from a changing climate: The need for ecosystem restoration in the Tana River Basin, Kenya.

Jenkins, Rhosanna L M / Warren, Rachel F / Price, Jeff T

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 7, Page(s) e0254879

Abstract: Climate change is projected to have significant effects on the distribution of species globally, but research into the implications in parts of Africa has been limited. Using species distribution modelling, this study models climate change-related risks ... ...

Abstract	Climate change is projected to have significant effects on the distribution of species globally, but research into the implications in parts of Africa has been limited. Using species distribution modelling, this study models climate change-related risks to the terrestrial biodiversity (birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and plants) of Kenya's economically-important and ecologically diverse Tana River Basin. Large reductions in species richness are projected with just 2°C warming (relative to preindustrial levels) with birds and plants seeing the greatest impact. Potential climate refugia for biodiversity are identified within the basin, but often overlap with areas already converted to agriculture or set aside for agricultural expansion, and the majority are outside protected areas. Similarly, some protected areas contain no projected refugia at higher levels of global warming, showing they may be insufficient to protect the basin's biodiversity as climate changes. However, risks to biodiversity are much smaller if the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to 'well below 2°C' warming, rather than 2°C only, is met. The potential for refugia for plants and animals decreases strongly with warming. For example, 82% of the basin remaining climatically suitable for at least 75% of the plants currently present at 1.5°C warming, as compared with 23% at 2°C and 3% at 4.5°C. This research provides the first assessment of the combined effects of development plans and climate change on biodiversity of the Tana River Basin, including identifying potential areas for restoration, and contributes to a greater understanding of biodiversity protection and adaptation options in Kenya.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Global Warming ; Kenya ; Rivers
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0254879
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Article ; Online: Protocol for the use of signal amplification by exchange reaction-fluorescence in situ hybridization on adult formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mouse lung tissue.

Warren, Rachel / Shaik, Aftab / Teubner, Lauren / Lyu, Handeng / De Langhe, Stijn

STAR protocols

2023 Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) 102353

Abstract: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a useful tool for analyzing RNA expression, but difficulties arise with low-abundance RNA and in tissues that are formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) because reagents can be expensive. In this protocol, we ...

Abstract	Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a useful tool for analyzing RNA expression, but difficulties arise with low-abundance RNA and in tissues that are formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) because reagents can be expensive. In this protocol, we adapt a previously designed FISH amplification protocol (SABER [signal amplification by exchange reaction]) for adult mouse FFPE lung sections by using probes that are extended and branched to amplify the signal. We combine FISH and immunostaining to identify cell-specific RNA. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kishi et al.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-1667
ISSN (online)	2666-1667
DOI	10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102353
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Article ; Online: Trends in FDA Adverse Events Reporting for Inferior Vena Cava Filters and Estimated Insertions in the US, 2016 to 2020.

Warren, Rachel E / Dhruva, Sanket S / Kinard, Madris / Neuhaus, John M / Redberg, Rita F

JAMA internal medicine

2023 Volume 183, Issue 3, Page(s) 271–272

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Vena Cava Filters/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Device Removal ; Pulmonary Embolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2699338-7
ISSN	2168-6114 ; 2168-6106
ISSN (online)	2168-6114
ISSN	2168-6106
DOI	10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.6161
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Article: The role of interactions in a world implementing adaptation and mitigation solutions to climate change.

Warren, Rachel

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

2011 Volume 369, Issue 1934, Page(s) 217–241

Abstract: The papers in this volume discuss projections of climate change impacts upon humans and ecosystems under a global mean temperature rise of 4°C above preindustrial levels. Like most studies, they are mainly single-sector or single-region-based assessments. ...

Abstract	The papers in this volume discuss projections of climate change impacts upon humans and ecosystems under a global mean temperature rise of 4°C above preindustrial levels. Like most studies, they are mainly single-sector or single-region-based assessments. Even the multi-sector or multi-region approaches generally consider impacts in sectors and regions independently, ignoring interactions. Extreme weather and adaptation processes are often poorly represented and losses of ecosystem services induced by climate change or human adaptation are generally omitted. This paper addresses this gap by reviewing some potential interactions in a 4°C world, and also makes a comparison with a 2°C world. In a 4°C world, major shifts in agricultural land use and increased drought are projected, and an increased human population might increasingly be concentrated in areas remaining wet enough for economic prosperity. Ecosystem services that enable prosperity would be declining, with carbon cycle feedbacks and fire causing forest losses. There is an urgent need for integrated assessments considering the synergy of impacts and limits to adaptation in multiple sectors and regions in a 4°C world. By contrast, a 2°C world is projected to experience about one-half of the climate change impacts, with concomitantly smaller challenges for adaptation. Ecosystem services, including the carbon sink provided by the Earth's forests, would be expected to be largely preserved, with much less potential for interaction processes to increase challenges to adaptation. However, demands for land and water for biofuel cropping could reduce the availability of these resources for agricultural and natural systems. Hence, a whole system approach to mitigation and adaptation, considering interactions, potential human and species migration, allocation of land and water resources and ecosystem services, will be important in either a 2°C or a 4°C world.
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture ; Animals ; Carbon Dioxide/chemistry ; Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Earth (Planet) ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Global Warming ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Models, Theoretical ; Public Policy ; Temperature ; Water Supply
Chemical Substances	Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-01-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	208381-4
ISSN	1471-2962 ; 1364-503X ; 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952
ISSN (online)	1471-2962
ISSN	1364-503X ; 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952
DOI	10.1098/rsta.2010.0271
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Article: Environmental economics: Optimal carbon tax doubled

Warren, Rachel

Nature climate change

2014 Volume 4, Issue 7, Page(s) 534

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2614383-5
ISSN	1758-678x
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: The Relationship Between Time-Varying Achieved HbA1c and Risk of Coronary Events Depends on Haptoglobin Phenotype Among White and Black ACCORD Participants.

Cahill, Leah E / Warren, Rachel A / Carew, Allie S / Levy, Andrew P / Ginsberg, Henry N / Sapp, John / Lache, Orit / Rimm, Eric B

Diabetes care

2023 Volume 46, Issue 11, Page(s) 1941–1948

Abstract: Objective: Intensive glycemic therapy reduced coronary artery disease (CAD) events among White participants in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study with the haptoglobin (Hp)2-2 phenotype, while participants without the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Intensive glycemic therapy reduced coronary artery disease (CAD) events among White participants in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study with the haptoglobin (Hp)2-2 phenotype, while participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype had no CAD benefit. The association between achieved glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and CAD for each Hp phenotype remains unknown. Research design and methods: Achieved HbA1c was similar in each phenotype throughout the study. Prospectively collected HbA1c data (categorized as <6.0%, 6.0-6.5%, 6.6-6.9%, or ≥8.0% compared with 7.0-7.9%) from the ACCORD study, updated every 4 months over a median of 4.7 years, were analyzed in relation to CAD in the Hp2-2 (n = 3,322) and non-Hp2-2 (n = 5,949) phenotypes separately overall, and within White (63%, 37% Hp2-2) and Black (19%, 26% Hp2-2) participants using Cox proportional hazards regression with time-varying covariables. Results: Compared with HbA1c of 7.0-7.9%, having HbA1c ≥8.0% was associated with CAD risk among White (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.43, 95% CI 1.03-1.98) and Black (2.86, 1.09-7.51) participants with the Hp2-2 phenotype, but not when all Hp2-2 participants were combined overall (1.30, 0.99-1.70), and not among participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype. HbA1c <7.0% was not associated with a lower risk of CAD for any Hp phenotype. Conclusions: Achieving HbA1c >8.0% compared with 7.0-7.9% was consistently associated with incident CAD risk among White and Black ACCORD participants with the Hp2-2 phenotype, while no association was observed among participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype. We found no evidence that HbA1c concentration <7.0% prevents CAD in either Hp phenotype group.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Coronary Artery Disease/genetics ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Haptoglobins/genetics ; Heart Disease Risk Factors ; Phenotype ; Risk Factors ; White People ; Black People
Chemical Substances	Glycated Hemoglobin ; Haptoglobins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	441231-x
ISSN	1935-5548 ; 0149-5992
ISSN (online)	1935-5548
ISSN	0149-5992
DOI	10.2337/dc23-0760
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Article ; Online: Quantification of meteorological drought risks between 1.5 °C and 4 °C of global warming in six countries

Price, Jeff / Warren, Rachel / Forstenhäusler, Nicole / Wallace, Craig / Jenkins, Rhosanna / Osborn, Timothy J. / Van Vuuren, D. P.

Climatic Change. 2022 Sept., v. 174, no. 1-2 p.12-12

2022

Abstract: We quantify the projected impacts of alternative levels of global warming upon the probability and length of severe drought in six countries (China, Brazil, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana and India). This includes an examination of different land cover classes, ... ...

Abstract	We quantify the projected impacts of alternative levels of global warming upon the probability and length of severe drought in six countries (China, Brazil, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana and India). This includes an examination of different land cover classes, and a calculation of the proportion of population in 2100 (SSP2) at exposed to severe drought lasting longer than one year. Current pledges for climate change mitigation, which are projected to still result in global warming levels of 3 °C or more, would impact all of the countries in this study. For example, with 3 °C warming, more than 50% of the agricultural area in each country is projected to be exposed to severe droughts of longer than one year in a 30-year period. Using standard population projections, it is estimated that 80%-100% of the population in Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia and Ghana (and nearly 50% of the population of India) are projected to be exposed to a severe drought lasting one year or longer in a 30-year period. In contrast, we find that meeting the long-term temperature goal of the Paris Agreement, that is limiting warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, is projected to greatly benefit all of the countries in this study, greatly reducing exposure to severe drought for large percentages of the population and in all major land cover classes, with Egypt potentially benefiting the most.
Keywords	United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ; climate change ; drought ; land cover ; probability ; temperature ; Brazil ; China ; Egypt ; Ethiopia ; Ghana ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 12.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	751086-x
ISSN	0165-0009
ISSN	0165-0009
DOI	10.1007/s10584-022-03359-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Integrating climate‐change refugia into 30 by 30 conservation planning in North America

Saunders, Sarah P / Grand, Joanna / Bateman, Brooke L / Meek, Mariah / Wilsey, Chad B. / Forstenhaeusler, Nicole / Graham, Erin / Warren, Rachel / Price, Jeff

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2023 Mar., v. 21, no. 2 p.77-84

2023

Abstract: Countries have set targets for conserving natural areas to mitigate biodiversity loss, such as the protection of 30% of lands by 2030, commonly referred to as “30 by 30”. Yet strategic conservation planning to align those targets with climate‐change ... ...

Abstract	Countries have set targets for conserving natural areas to mitigate biodiversity loss, such as the protection of 30% of lands by 2030, commonly referred to as “30 by 30”. Yet strategic conservation planning to align those targets with climate‐change refugia is lacking. We investigated the feasibility of achieving 30 by 30 in North America by assessing the proportions of state/provincial/territorial land projected to provide refugia for terrestrial biodiversity and the proportions of those refugia that are currently protected. We also conducted a reserve selection prioritization to identify priority areas that complement the current protected area network and capture refugia for seven taxonomic groups. In North America, <15% of refugia are protected, but ample opportunity exists to expand protection if warming is limited to 2°C. Beyond 2°C, however, the majority of refugia will occur only at high latitudes and elevations. Incorporation of refugia into 30 by 30 efforts will facilitate species persistence under climate change.
Keywords	biodiversity ; climate change ; conservation areas ; environment ; prioritization ; refuge habitats ; North America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Size	p. 77-84.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2110853-5
ISSN	1540-9309 ; 1540-9295
ISSN (online)	1540-9309
ISSN	1540-9295
DOI	10.1002/fee.2592
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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