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Article ; Online: REFLECTION OF YOUNG FELLOWS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION RESIDENCY PROGRAM

Waseem Iqbal

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 68, Iss 4, Pp 930-

2018 Volume 934

Abstract: Objective: To identify various difficulties in clinical practice faced by young physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) fellows. Study Design: Qualitative study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Armed Forces Institute of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To identify various difficulties in clinical practice faced by young physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) fellows. Study Design: Qualitative study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (AFIRM) from Aug 2017 to Sep 2017. Material and Methods: The study was carried out on ten physical medicine and rehabilitation fellows, who have cleared their fellowship exams in last 5 years. The study utilized online questionnaire followed by in-depth; telephonic interviews until the point of data saturation. The data was analyzed through thematic analysis. The data was transcribed in six stages to observe defining meaningful patterns. It was analyzed manually to draw conclusions. Results: The most common problems observed by young fellows were difficulty in performing specialized electrodiagnostic procedures, interpretation of urodynamics results and performing certain pain procedures including supra-scapular nerve block, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and meralgiaparesthetica block. It was followed by managing specialized population including geriatrics, cerebral palsy and amputees and counseling skills. Conclusion: The skills component and specialized population management were deficient, though, sufficiently covered in the curriculum. So training institutes must consider certain changes in the teaching and learning environment to improve the identified areas.
Keywords	clinical practice ; physical medicine and rehabilitation ; residency program ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Army Medical College Rawalpindi
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Optical Developments in Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems—A Review

Waseem Iqbal / Irfan Ullah / Seoyong Shin

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 10554, p

2023 Volume 10554

Abstract: Energy needs have increased with global advancements and industrial revolutions. Electrical energy utilization shares a huge amount of energy with residential and industrial loads. Traditional energy resources are expensive and polluting, producing ... ...

Abstract	Energy needs have increased with global advancements and industrial revolutions. Electrical energy utilization shares a huge amount of energy with residential and industrial loads. Traditional energy resources are expensive and polluting, producing greenhouse gasses, which is a major environmental concern. Solar energy utilization is a cost-effective, sustainable, and green solution to meet the ongoing energy demand. Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems are developed for energy conversion by providing high efficiency using multi-junction solar cells. This paper provides an overview of the recent optical developments in CPV systems and emerging technologies that are likely to shape the future of CPV systems. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the issues that need to be resolved to improve the geometrical concentration, acceptance angle, uniformity, and optical efficiency of CPV systems. A comprehensive comparison is also presented on different types of solar concentrators. In addition, future research directions are presented to facilitate the continued growth and success of CPV systems. Furthermore, this review article gives an up-to-date and widespread overview of CPV technology, assesses its potential for various applications, and distinguishes the challenges and opportunities for future research and development.
Keywords	concentrator photovoltaics (CPVs) ; solar concentrators ; irradiance ; geometrical concentration ; optical efficiency ; acceptance angle ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: On GPS spoofing of aerial platforms

Shah Zahid Khan / Mujahid Mohsin / Waseem Iqbal

PeerJ Computer Science, Vol 7, p e

a review of threats, challenges, methodologies, and future research directions

2021 Volume 507

Abstract: Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAVs, Drones), initially known only for their military applications, are getting increasingly popular in the civil sector as well. Over the military canvas, drones have already proven themselves as a potent force multiplier ... ...

Abstract	Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAVs, Drones), initially known only for their military applications, are getting increasingly popular in the civil sector as well. Over the military canvas, drones have already proven themselves as a potent force multiplier through unmanned, round-the-clock, long-range and high-endurance missions for surveillance, reconnaissance, search and rescue, and even armed combat applications. With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), commercial deployments of drones are also growing exponentially, ranging from cargo and taxi services to agriculture, disaster relief, risk assessment and monitoring of critical infrastructures. Irrespective of the deployment sector, drones are often entrusted to conduct safety, time and liability critical tasks, thus requiring secure, robust and trustworthy operations. In contrast, the rise in UAVs’ demand, coupled with market pressure to reduce size, weight, power and cost (SwaP-C) parameters, has caused vendors to often ignore security aspects, thus inducing serious safety and security threats. As UAVs rely on Global Positioning System (GPS) for positioning and navigation, they can fall prey to GPS jamming and spoofing attacks. The vulnerability of GPS to spoofing has serious implications for UAVs, as victim drones using civil GPS can be misdirected or even completely hijacked for malicious intents, as already demonstrated in several academic research efforts using commercially available GPS spoofing hardware. Beside UAVs, GPS spoofing attacks are equally applicable to other GPS-dependent platforms, including manned aircraft, ground vehicles, and cellular systems. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of GPS spoofing threats, with a special focus on their applicability over UAVs and other GPS-dependent mobile platforms. It presents a novel taxonomy of GPS spoofing attacks and critically analyzes different spoofing techniques based upon placement of spoofing device, attack stealthiness, attack methodologies, and objectives of the attacker. We also ...
Keywords	GPS spoofing ; Security threats ; Survey ; Taxonomy ; UAVs ; Drones ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	005
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Cloud Computing Network Empowered by Modern Topological Invariants

Khalid Hamid / Muhammad Waseem Iqbal / Qaiser Abbas / Muhammad Arif / Adrian Brezulianu / Oana Geman

Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 1399, p

2023 Volume 1399

Abstract: The cloud computing networks used in the IoT, and other themes of network architectures, can be investigated and improved by cheminformatics, which is a combination of chemistry, computer science, and mathematics. Cheminformatics involves graph theory ... ...

Abstract	The cloud computing networks used in the IoT, and other themes of network architectures, can be investigated and improved by cheminformatics, which is a combination of chemistry, computer science, and mathematics. Cheminformatics involves graph theory and its tools. Any number that can be uniquely calculated by a graph is known as a graph invariant. In graph theory, networks are converted into graphs with workstations or routers or nodes as vertex and paths, or connections as edges. Many topological indices have been developed for the determination of the physical properties of networks involved in cloud computing. The study computed newly prepared topological invariants, K-Banhatti Sombor invariants (KBSO), Dharwad invariants, Quadratic-Contraharmonic invariants (QCI), and their reduced forms with other forms of cloud computing networks. These are used to explore and enhance their characteristics, such as scalability, efficiency, higher throughput, reduced latency, and best-fit topology. These attributes depend on the topology of the cloud, where different nodes, paths, and clouds are to be attached to achieve the best of the attributes mentioned before. The study only deals with a single parameter, which is a topology of the cloud network. The improvement of the topology improves the other characteristics as well, which is the main objective of this study. Its prime objective is to develop formulas so that it can check the topology and performance of certain cloud networks without doing or performing experiments, and also before developing them. The calculated results are valuable and helpful in understanding the deep physical behavior of the cloud’s networks. These results will also be useful for researchers to understand how these networks can be constructed and improved with different physical characteristics for enhanced versions.
Keywords	topological invariants ; K-Banhatti ; Sombor indices ; maple ; network graph ; cloud computing ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	000
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network Model for Automatic Diabetic Retinopathy Classification From Fundus Images

Ghulam Ali / Aqsa Dastgir / Muhammad Waseem Iqbal / Muhammad Anwar / Muhammad Faheem

IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine, Vol 11, Pp 341-

2023 Volume 350

Abstract: Objective: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a retinal disease that can cause damage to blood vessels in the eye, that is the major cause of impaired vision or blindness, if not treated early. Manual detection of diabetic retinopathy is time-consuming and ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a retinal disease that can cause damage to blood vessels in the eye, that is the major cause of impaired vision or blindness, if not treated early. Manual detection of diabetic retinopathy is time-consuming and prone to human error due to the complex structure of the eye. Methods & Results: various automatic techniques have been proposed to detect diabetic retinopathy from fundus images. However, these techniques are limited in their ability to capture the complex features underlying diabetic retinopathy, particularly in the early stages. In this study, we propose a novel approach to detect diabetic retinopathy using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The proposed model extracts features using two different deep learning (DL) models, Resnet50 and Inceptionv3, and concatenates them before feeding them into the CNN for classification. The proposed model is evaluated on a publicly available dataset of fundus images. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CNN model achieves higher accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and f1 score compared to state-of-the-art methods, with respective scores of 96.85%, 99.28%, 98.92%, 96.46%, and 98.65%.
Keywords	Diabetic retinopathy ; fundus images ; machine learning ; computer vision ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Medical technology ; R855-855.5
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IEEE
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A COMPARISON OF SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE BLOCK VS INTRAARTICULAR STEROID INJECTION IN IMPROVEMENT OF HEMIPLEGIC SHOULDER PAIN

Musab Bin Noor / Aamir Waheed Butt / Waseem Iqbal / Maimuna Rashid

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 71, Iss 6, Pp 1971-

2021 Volume 1975

Abstract: Objectives: To compare the mean improvement in pain on Visual Analogue Scale by Suprascapular Nerve block and Intra-articular steroid injection in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Place and Duration of ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To compare the mean improvement in pain on Visual Analogue Scale by Suprascapular Nerve block and Intra-articular steroid injection in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Place and Duration of Study: Pain Clinic, Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Rawalpindi from 25th October 2017 to 24th April 2018 Patients & Methods: 60 patients with CVA and shoulder pain on hemiplegic side for at least 2 weeks were included in study after non-probability consecutive sampling after meeting inclusion criteria. Subjects were randomized by lottery into two groups; Group A receiving Suprascapular Nerve block with 5ml of 1% Lignocaine with Group B receiving Intra-articular 40mg Triamcinolone Acetonide plus 1 ml of 1% Lignocaine injections. Mean change in pain scores on VAS was calculated between score at baseline and at 4 weeks post-intervention Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 59.17 ± 9.81 years and in group B was 39.96 ± 11.11 years. Out of 60 patients, 34 (56.67%) were males and 26 (43.33%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. Mean duration of stroke was 7.50 ± 2.66 months. Mean pain change on VAS in Group A (Suprascapular Nerve block) was 3.83 ± 1.12 cm while in Group B (Intra-articular steroid injection) it was 2.17 ± 0.99 cm (p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: This study concluded that Suprascapular Nerve block offered better improvement in hemiplegic shoulder pain on Visual Analogue Scale at 4 weeks as compared to intraarticular steroid inje
Keywords	hemiplegic shoulder pain ; intraarticular steroid injection ; suprascapular nerve block ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Army Medical College Rawalpindi
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Discovering Irregularities from Computer Networks by Topological Mapping

Khalid Hamid / Muhammad Waseem Iqbal / Qaiser Abbas / Muhammad Arif / Adrian Brezulianu / Oana Geman

Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 12051, p

2022 Volume 12051

Abstract: Any number that can be uniquely identified and varied by a graph is known as a graph invariant. This paper will talk about three unique variations of bridge networks, sierpinski networks, honeycomb, and hexagonal networks, with great capability of ... ...

Abstract	Any number that can be uniquely identified and varied by a graph is known as a graph invariant. This paper will talk about three unique variations of bridge networks, sierpinski networks, honeycomb, and hexagonal networks, with great capability of forecast in the field of software engineering, arithmetic, physics, drug store, informatics, and chemistry in setting with physical and chemical properties. Irregularity sombor invariant is newly introduced and has various expectation characteristics for various variations of bridge graphs or other networks, as mentioned. First, find the irregularities in the networks with the help of the Irregularity sombor index. This will be performed in a step by step procedure. The study will take an existing network, associate it with a graph after finding their vertices and edges, then solve the topology of a graph of a network. Graphical results demonstrate the upper and lower bounds and irregularities of certain networks, and mathematical results are used for modeling purposes. The review settled the topologies of graphs/networks of seven distinct sorts with an Irregularity sombor index. These concluded outcomes can be utilized for the demonstration and modeling of computer networks such as local area networks, Metropolitan area networks, Wide area networks, memory interconnection networks, processor interconnection networks, the spine of the internet, and different networks/designs of Personal computers, power generation networks, mobile base station and chemical compound amalgamation and so on.
Keywords	bridge networks ; invariant ; sierpinski ; irregularity sombor index ; maple ; network graph ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Hand-based multibiometric systems

Anum Aftab / Farrukh Aslam Khan / Muhammad Khurram Khan / Haider Abbas / Waseem Iqbal / Farhan Riaz

PeerJ Computer Science, Vol 7, p e

state-of-the-art and future challenges

2021 Volume 707

Abstract: The traditional methods used for the identification of individuals such as personal identification numbers (PINs), identification tags, etc., are vulnerable as they are easily compromised by the hackers. In this paper, we aim to focus on the existing ... ...

Abstract	The traditional methods used for the identification of individuals such as personal identification numbers (PINs), identification tags, etc., are vulnerable as they are easily compromised by the hackers. In this paper, we aim to focus on the existing multibiometric systems that use hand based modalities for the identification of individuals. We cover the existing multibiometric systems in the context of various feature extraction schemes, along with an analysis of their performance using one of the performance measures used for biometric systems. Later, we cover the literature on template protection including various cancelable biometrics and biometric cryptosystems and provide a brief comment about the methods used for multibiometric template protection. Finally, we discuss various open issues and challenges faced by researchers and propose some future directions that can enhance the security of multibiometric templates.
Keywords	Multimodal biometrics ; Fusion techniques ; Multibiometric template protection ; AI ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An Improved Multiexposure Image Fusion Technique.

Nazish, Zulfiqar / Adil, Masood Siddiqui / Awais, Ahmad / Waseem, Iqbal / Imran, Muhammad / Tauqir, Imran / Wajiha, Munir

Big data

2023 Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 215–224

Abstract: Multiexposure image fusion (MEF) is an effective approach to generate high dynamic range images from multilevel exposures taken from ordinary cameras. In this article, a novel MEF algorithm is proposed to gain maximum visual details as well as vivid ... ...

Abstract	Multiexposure image fusion (MEF) is an effective approach to generate high dynamic range images from multilevel exposures taken from ordinary cameras. In this article, a novel MEF algorithm is proposed to gain maximum visual details as well as vivid colors from the captured scene. This algorithm first decomposes the input images with multiple exposures into the base and detail layer. The weights for the base and detail layers are computed by using exposedness function and then both the layers are combined to generate the final fused image. The proposed multiexposure technique requires fewer computational operations, preserves edges, and also reduces spatial artifacts. The proposed technique has been evaluated quantitatively using image quality assessment model based on structure similarity index measure for MEF. By the extensive experimental results, it has been illustrated that in addition to significantly outperforming other state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed technique is much faster and can achieve better image quality.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2167-647X
ISSN (online)	2167-647X
DOI	10.1089/big.2021.0223
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Intelligence and Usability Empowerment of Smartphone Adaptive Features

Ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi / Hafsa Riasat / Muhammad Waseem Iqbal / Muhammad Usman Ashraf / Abdullah Alshahrani / Adel Alshamrani

Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 12245, p

2022 Volume 12245

Abstract: In adaptivity, the interface of the device automatically adjusts and assists the user. The adaptive user interfaces can adapt their activities by monitoring user status, the state of the system, and the current situation according to the adaptation ... ...

Abstract	In adaptivity, the interface of the device automatically adjusts and assists the user. The adaptive user interfaces can adapt their activities by monitoring user status, the state of the system, and the current situation according to the adaptation strategy. Usually, the intensity of adaptation is measured in effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction to analyze the smartphone’s adaptive features. The adaptive features of light-emitting diode (LED) notifications, voice commands, face recognition, screen rotation, kid mode, drive mode, night mode, Swift Keyboard, s-health, gesture recognition, and fingerprint are selected for both iOS and Android platforms. Task completion within a specific time frame is used to measure effectiveness and efficiency, while satisfaction is calculated using the after-scenario questionnaire (ASQ). A total of 550 users are involved in the experimentation. The usability evaluation is measured for smartphone features. The effectiveness of adaptive features contains higher adaptivity in face recognition (87%) and voice command (85%). Furthermore, the satisfaction level is greater for adaptive features than non-adaptive features. This study indicates that adaptive features can only be used after a thorough examination of the user’s context. Furthermore, the usability evaluation shows that there is a dire need for adaptive smartphone features to provide ease and satisfaction to the user.
Keywords	adaptiveness ; adaptivity ; usability ; smartphone ; UI/UX ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	005
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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