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Article ; Online: INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF LENS POTENCY IN WOLFFIAN LENS REGENERATION.

Watanabe, Kenji

2023 Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 169–177

Abstract: After lentectomy in newts, lens regeneration originates from the iris. The regenerant was externally observed with a stereomicroscope as a depigmented area (DA) of the iris, and the extent of DA up to 15 days after lentectomy was measured. The extent of ... ...

Abstract	After lentectomy in newts, lens regeneration originates from the iris. The regenerant was externally observed with a stereomicroscope as a depigmented area (DA) of the iris, and the extent of DA up to 15 days after lentectomy was measured. The extent of DA was found to differ among individuals, whereas it was the same in both eyes of each animal. In a number of animals one eye was used for lentectomy. After measuring the DA, two groups of animals were selected; a "W-group" with an extremely wide DA that deviated from the standard value, and "N-group", with an extremely narrow DA. Six iris sectors obtained from the animals of the W-group or N-group were implanted into lentectomized eyes of other animals to investigate the difference in the distribution of lens potency in these two groups. Animals of the W-group possessed a wider distribution of lens potency than animals of the N-group. Pulse-labelling with
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-06
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280433-5
ISSN	1440-169X ; 0012-1592
ISSN (online)	1440-169X
ISSN	0012-1592
DOI	10.1111/j.1440-169X.1978.00169.x
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Article ; Online: Discovery and investigation of natural Diels-Alderases.

Watanabe, Kenji

Journal of natural medicines

2021 Volume 75, Issue 3, Page(s) 434–447

Abstract: It has been proposed that biosyntheses of many natural products involve pericyclic reactions, including Diels-Alder (DA) reaction. However, only a small set of enzymes have been proposed to catalyze pericyclic reactions. Most surprisingly, there has been ...

Abstract	It has been proposed that biosyntheses of many natural products involve pericyclic reactions, including Diels-Alder (DA) reaction. However, only a small set of enzymes have been proposed to catalyze pericyclic reactions. Most surprisingly, there has been no formal identification of natural enzymes that can be defined to catalyze DA reactions (DAases), despite the wide application of the reaction in chemical syntheses of complex organic compounds. However, recent studies began to accumulate a growing body of evidence that supports the notion that enzymes that formally catalyze DA reactions, in fact exist. In this review, I will begin by describing a short history behind the discovery and characterization of macrophomate synthase, one of the earliest enzymes that was proposed to catalyze an intermolecular DA reaction during the biosynthesis of a substituted benzoic acid in a phytopathogenic fungus Macrophoma commelinae. Then, I will discuss representative enzymes that have been chemically authenticated to catalyze DA reactions, with emphasis on more recent discoveries of DAases involved mainly in fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis except for one example from a marine streptomycete. The current success in identification of a series of DAases and enzymes that catalyze other pericyclic reactions owes to the combined efforts from both the experimental and theoretical approaches in discovering natural products. Such efforts typically involve identifying the chemical features derived from cycloaddition reactions, isolating the biosynthetic genes that encode enzymes that generate such chemical features and deciphering the reaction mechanisms for the enzyme-catalyzed pericyclic reactions.
MeSH term(s)	Ascomycota/enzymology ; Biological Products/chemistry ; Cycloaddition Reaction ; Multienzyme Complexes/chemistry ; Secondary Metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biological Products ; Multienzyme Complexes ; macrophomate synthase
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-08
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2227540-X
ISSN	1861-0293 ; 1340-3443
ISSN (online)	1861-0293
ISSN	1340-3443
DOI	10.1007/s11418-021-01502-4
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Article ; Online: Correction to: Discovery and investigation of natural Diels-Alderases.

Watanabe, Kenji

Journal of natural medicines

2021 Volume 75, Issue 3, Page(s) 448

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-08
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2227540-X
ISSN	1861-0293 ; 1340-3443
ISSN (online)	1861-0293
ISSN	1340-3443
DOI	10.1007/s11418-021-01511-3
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Article: Clinical management for small bowel of Crohn's disease in the treat-to-target era: now is the time to optimize treatment based on the dominant lesion.

Watanabe, Kenji

Intestinal research

2020 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) 347–354

Abstract: A treat-to-target strategy, in which treatment is continuously adjusted according to the results of scheduled objective monitoring, is optimal for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) in the era of biologics. The small bowel is a common site of intractable ...

Abstract	A treat-to-target strategy, in which treatment is continuously adjusted according to the results of scheduled objective monitoring, is optimal for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) in the era of biologics. The small bowel is a common site of intractable CD, which may result from multiple strictures or expanding lesions. To improve the prognosis of patients with small bowel CD, lesions should be proactively monitored within the subclinical phase. Objective assessment of small bowel lesions is technically difficult, however, due to the relatively poor correlation between endoscopic activity and clinical symptoms or biomarker titers. The presence of proximal small bowel lesions and asymptomatic "Real Silent CD" must be considered. Endoscopy remains the gold standard to assess these lesions. In clinical practice, the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging modality and biomarker must be carefully weighed for appropriate application and reliable monitoring. The prevalence of small bowel lesions depends on the precision of the imaging modality used for detection. Clinical management should be based on the dominant location of the intestinal lesions rather than classical classification. Optimal strategies for detecting and treating small bowel lesions in patients with CD must be developed utilizing reliable, precise, and objective monitoring.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-26
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	3018469-1
ISSN	2288-1956 ; 1598-9100
ISSN (online)	2288-1956
ISSN	1598-9100
DOI	10.5217/ir.2020.00032
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Article ; Online: The Recommendation of the Mediterranean-styled Japanese Diet for Healthy Longevity.

Santa, Kazuki / Kumazawa, Yoshio / Watanabe, Kenji / Nagaoka, Isao

Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets

2024

Abstract: Background: The Mediterranean diet, listed as the intangible cultural heritage of humanity by UNESCO, is known as healthy and consumed worldwide. The Japanese diet is also listed and considered healthy. This narrative review compares the Mediterranean ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Mediterranean diet, listed as the intangible cultural heritage of humanity by UNESCO, is known as healthy and consumed worldwide. The Japanese diet is also listed and considered healthy. This narrative review compares the Mediterranean diet with its Japanese counterpart. Discussion: Research has reported that people in Mediterranean regions, such as Italy and Greece, have one-third of the mortality ratio from cardiovascular diseases compared to people in the United States and Northern Europe because of the difference in eating habits. Therefore, Mediterranean diets are considered as healthy. A typical Western diet containing high amounts of fat, sugar, and calories is responsible for several diseases like metabolic syndrome and obesity, which are induced by chronic inflammation. In contrast, Mediterranean and Japanese diets contain them only less. The similarity between Mediterranean and Japanese diets is the substantial intake of vegetables, beans, and fish. On the other hand, the Mediterranean diet consumes large amounts of olive oil, especially polyphenol-rich extra virgin olive oil and dairy products, but meat consumption is relatively small. In contrast, the Japanese diet does not use oil and fat, contains abundant fermented foods, and consumes seaweed. Japan is known for its longevity, and people think that a well-balanced diet daily is good for preventing and curing illness. In this regard, finding non-disease conditions, so-called "ME-BYO," and curing them before the manifestation of diseases is becoming more common. In this review, we discuss the healthy eating habit, "The Mediterranean-styled Japanese diet," which prevents ME-BYO condition and reduces the risk of various diseases. Conclusion: The Mediterranean-styled Japanese diet, a hybrid of Mediterranean and Japanese diets, reduces the risk of various diseases by suppressing chronic inflammation. This nutritional intervention prevents ME-BYO and is beneficial for healthy longevity. Hence, a Mediterraneanstyled Japanese diet might be helpful for healthy longevity in Japan and around the world.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2228325-0
ISSN	2212-3873 ; 1871-5303
ISSN (online)	2212-3873
ISSN	1871-5303
DOI	10.2174/0118715303280097240130072031
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Article ; Online: The Potential Use of Vitamin D3 and Phytochemicals for Their Anti-Ageing Effects.

Santa, Kazuki / Kumazawa, Yoshio / Watanabe, Kenji / Nagaoka, Isao

International journal of molecular sciences

2024 Volume 25, Issue 4

Abstract: Unlike other vitamins, vitamin D3 is synthesised in skin cells in the body. Vitamin D3 has been known as a bone-related hormone. Recently, however, it has been considered as an immune vitamin. Vitamin D3 deficiency influences the onset of a variety of ... ...

Abstract	Unlike other vitamins, vitamin D3 is synthesised in skin cells in the body. Vitamin D3 has been known as a bone-related hormone. Recently, however, it has been considered as an immune vitamin. Vitamin D3 deficiency influences the onset of a variety of diseases. Vitamin D3 regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) through binding to vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in immune cells. Since blood levels of vitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) were low in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, there has been growing interest in the importance of vitamin D3 to maintaining a healthy condition. On the other hand, phytochemicals are compounds derived from plants with over 7000 varieties and have various biological activities. They mainly have health-promoting effects and are classified as terpenoids, carotenoids, flavonoids, etc. Flavonoids are known as the anti-inflammatory compounds that control TNF-α production. Chronic inflammation is induced by the continuous production of TNF-α and is the fundamental cause of diseases like obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, heart and brain diseases, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. In addition, the ageing process is induced by chronic inflammation. This review explains the cooperative effects of vitamin D3 and phytochemicals in the suppression of inflammatory responses, how it balances the natural immune response, and its link to anti-ageing effects. In addition, vitamin D3 and phytochemicals synergistically contribute to anti-ageing by working with ageing-related genes. Furthermore, prevention of ageing processes induced by the chronic inflammation requires the maintenance of healthy gut microbiota, which is related to daily dietary habits. In this regard, supplementation of vitamin D3 and phytochemicals plays an important role. Recently, the association of the prevention of the non-disease condition called "ME-BYO" with the maintenance of a healthy condition has been an attractive regimen, and the anti-ageing effect discussed here is important for a healthy and long life.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cholecalciferol/pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Aging ; Flavonoids ; Inflammation/prevention & control ; Phytochemicals/pharmacology ; Phytochemicals/therapeutic use ; Vitamin D/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Cholecalciferol (1C6V77QF41) ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Flavonoids ; Phytochemicals ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms25042125
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Article ; Online: Anti-inflammatory diet: Necessity of scientific spotlight and challenges.

Watanabe, Kenji

Complementary therapies in medicine

2019 Volume 50, Page(s) 102281

MeSH term(s)	Aging/metabolism ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Diet/methods ; Fish Oils/administration & dosage ; Fish Oils/pharmacology ; Humans ; Inflammation/diet therapy ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Phytotherapy/methods
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Fish Oils ; Inflammation Mediators
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-17
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1155895-7
ISSN	1873-6963 ; 0965-2299
ISSN (online)	1873-6963
ISSN	0965-2299
DOI	10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102281
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Article ; Online: Motion of Two-Dimensional Excitons in Momentum Space Leads to Pseudospin Distribution Narrowing on the Bloch Sphere.

Gupta, Garima / Watanabe, Kenji / Taniguchi, Takashi / Majumdar, Kausik

Nano letters

2024

Abstract: Motional narrowing implies narrowing induced by motion; for example, in nuclear magnetic resonance, the thermally induced random motion of the nuclei in an inhomogeneous environment leads to a counterintuitive narrowing of the resonance line. Similarly, ... ...

Abstract	Motional narrowing implies narrowing induced by motion; for example, in nuclear magnetic resonance, the thermally induced random motion of the nuclei in an inhomogeneous environment leads to a counterintuitive narrowing of the resonance line. Similarly, the excitons in monolayer semiconductors experience magnetic inhomogeneity: the electron-hole spin-exchange interaction manifests as an in-plane pseudomagnetic field with a periodically varying orientation inside the exciton band. The excitons undergo random momentum scattering and pseudospin precession repeatedly in this inhomogeneous magnetic environment, typically resulting in fast exciton depolarization. On the contrary, we show that such magnetic inhomogeneity averages out at high scattering rates due to motional narrowing. Physically, a faster exciton scattering leads to a narrower pseudospin distribution on the Bloch sphere, implying a nontrivial improvement in exciton polarization. The in-plane nature of the pseudomagnetic field enforces a contrasting scattering dependence between the circularly and linearly polarized excitons, providing a spectroscopic way to gauge the sample quality.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1530-6992
ISSN (online)	1530-6992
DOI	10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04808
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Article: Discovery and investigation of natural Diels–Alderases

Watanabe, Kenji

Natural medicines. 2021 June, v. 75, no. 3

2021

Abstract: It has been proposed that biosyntheses of many natural products involve pericyclic reactions, including Diels–Alder (DA) reaction. However, only a small set of enzymes have been proposed to catalyze pericyclic reactions. Most surprisingly, there has been ...

Abstract	It has been proposed that biosyntheses of many natural products involve pericyclic reactions, including Diels–Alder (DA) reaction. However, only a small set of enzymes have been proposed to catalyze pericyclic reactions. Most surprisingly, there has been no formal identification of natural enzymes that can be defined to catalyze DA reactions (DAases), despite the wide application of the reaction in chemical syntheses of complex organic compounds. However, recent studies began to accumulate a growing body of evidence that supports the notion that enzymes that formally catalyze DA reactions, in fact exist. In this review, I will begin by describing a short history behind the discovery and characterization of macrophomate synthase, one of the earliest enzymes that was proposed to catalyze an intermolecular DA reaction during the biosynthesis of a substituted benzoic acid in a phytopathogenic fungus Macrophoma commelinae. Then, I will discuss representative enzymes that have been chemically authenticated to catalyze DA reactions, with emphasis on more recent discoveries of DAases involved mainly in fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis except for one example from a marine streptomycete. The current success in identification of a series of DAases and enzymes that catalyze other pericyclic reactions owes to the combined efforts from both the experimental and theoretical approaches in discovering natural products. Such efforts typically involve identifying the chemical features derived from cycloaddition reactions, isolating the biosynthetic genes that encode enzymes that generate such chemical features and deciphering the reaction mechanisms for the enzyme-catalyzed pericyclic reactions.
Keywords	Sphaeropsis ; benzoic acid ; biosynthesis ; cycloaddition reactions ; plant pathogenic fungi ; secondary metabolites
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-06
Size	p. 434-447.
Publishing place	Springer Singapore
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; Review
ZDB-ID	1201350-x
ISSN	1340-3443
ISSN	1340-3443
DOI	10.1007/s11418-021-01502-4
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Identification of the monolayer thickness difference in a mechanically exfoliated thick flake of hexagonal boron nitride and graphite for van der Waals heterostructures.

Hattori, Yoshiaki / Taniguchi, Takashi / Watanabe, Kenji / Kitamura, Masatoshi

Nanotechnology

2023 Volume 34, Issue 29

Abstract: Exfoliated flakes of layered materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and graphite with a thickness of several tens of nanometers, are used to construct van der Waals heterostructures. A flake with a desirable thickness, size, and shape is often ... ...

Abstract	Exfoliated flakes of layered materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and graphite with a thickness of several tens of nanometers, are used to construct van der Waals heterostructures. A flake with a desirable thickness, size, and shape is often selected from many exfoliated flakes placed randomly on a substrate using an optical microscope. This study examined the visualization of thick hBN and graphite flakes on SiO
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362365-5
ISSN	1361-6528 ; 0957-4484
ISSN (online)	1361-6528
ISSN	0957-4484
DOI	10.1088/1361-6528/accf23
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