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  1. Article ; Online: Neuropsychiatry: Definitions, Concepts, and Patient Types.

    Koliatsos, Vassilis E / Wisner-Carlson, Robert / Watkins, Crystal

    The Psychiatric clinics of North America

    2020  Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 213–227

    Abstract: Neuropsychiatry is an integrative discipline defined by its history, its preferred patients, and its theoretic framework. Dealing with human behavior needs to consider the brain, but such consideration should avoid oversimplification: neurologic ... ...

    Abstract Neuropsychiatry is an integrative discipline defined by its history, its preferred patients, and its theoretic framework. Dealing with human behavior needs to consider the brain, but such consideration should avoid oversimplification: neurologic understanding is not essential, necessary, or desirable in all conditions encountered in clinical psychiatry. Neuropsychiatric theory is founded on discoveries in the areas of synaptic plasticity and cortical/limbic anatomy (bottom-up), but also evolutionary biology and anthropology (top-down). Going forward, we need to synthesize vital information, distinguish the essential from the trivial or tenuous, and remain open to dialogue with allied disciplines, our patients, and our students.
    MeSH term(s) History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/pathology ; Neuropsychiatry
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 431518-2
    ISSN 1558-3147 ; 0193-953X
    ISSN (online) 1558-3147
    ISSN 0193-953X
    DOI 10.1016/j.psc.2020.02.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Clinical studies of neuroinflammatory mechanisms in schizophrenia.

    Watkins, Crystal C / Andrews, Sarah Ramsay

    Schizophrenia research

    2016  Volume 176, Issue 1, Page(s) 14–22

    Abstract: Schizophrenia is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that appears to result from genetic and environmental factors. Although the dopamine hypothesis is the driving theory behind the majority of translation research in schizophrenia, emerging evidence ...

    Abstract Schizophrenia is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that appears to result from genetic and environmental factors. Although the dopamine hypothesis is the driving theory behind the majority of translation research in schizophrenia, emerging evidence suggests that aberrant immune mechanisms in the peripheral and central nervous system influence the etiology of schizophrenia and the pathophysiology of psychotic symptoms that define the illness. The initial interest in inflammatory processes comes from epidemiological data and historical observations, dating back several decades. A growing body of research on developmental exposure to infection, stress-induced inflammatory response, glial cell signaling, structural and functional brain changes and therapeutic trials demonstrates the impact that inflammation has on the onset and progression of schizophrenia. Research in animal models of psychosis has helped to advance clinical and basic science investigations of the immune mechanisms disrupted in schizophrenia. However, they are limited by the inability to recapitulate the human experience of hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder that define psychosis. To date, translational studies of inflammatory mechanisms in human subjects have not been reviewed in great detail. Here, we critically review clinical studies that focus on inflammatory mechanisms in schizophrenia. Understanding the neuroinflammatory mechanisms involved in schizophrenia may be essential in identifying potential therapeutic targets to minimize the morbidity and mortality of schizophrenia by interrupting disease development.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639422-x
    ISSN 1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
    ISSN (online) 1573-2509
    ISSN 0920-9964
    DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.018
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Cognitive impairment in patients with AIDS - prevalence and severity.

    Watkins, Crystal C / Treisman, Glenn J

    HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)

    2015  Volume 7, Page(s) 35–47

    Abstract: The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy has prolonged the life expectancy of HIV patients and decreased the number of adults who progress to AIDS and HIV-associated dementia. However, neurocognitive deficits remain a pronounced consequence of ... ...

    Abstract The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy has prolonged the life expectancy of HIV patients and decreased the number of adults who progress to AIDS and HIV-associated dementia. However, neurocognitive deficits remain a pronounced consequence of HIV/AIDS. HIV-1 infection targets the central nervous system in subcortical brain areas and leads to high rates of delirium, depression, opportunistic central nervous system infections, and dementia. Long-term HIV replication in the brain occurs in astrocytes and microglia, allowing the virus to hide from antiviral medication and later compromise neuronal function. The associated cognitive disturbance is linked to both viral activity and inflammatory and other mediators from these immune cells that lead to the damage associated with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, a general term given for these disturbances. We review the severity and prevalence of the neuropsychiatric complications of HIV including delirium, neurobehavioral impairments (depression), minor cognitive-motor dysfunction, and HIV-associated dementia.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-29
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2520734-9
    ISSN 1179-1373
    ISSN 1179-1373
    DOI 10.2147/HIV.S39665
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Neuropsychiatric complications of aging with HIV.

    Watkins, Crystal C / Treisman, Glenn J

    Journal of neurovirology

    2012  Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) 277–290

    Abstract: Persons over age 50 are not only aging with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but also represent a high proportion of new HIV infections. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, including depression, cognitive impairment, and substance abuse, are very ... ...

    Abstract Persons over age 50 are not only aging with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but also represent a high proportion of new HIV infections. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, including depression, cognitive impairment, and substance abuse, are very common in individuals infected with HIV. However, there is little understanding of the relationship between these HIV-related comorbid conditions in newly infected elderly patients compared to uninfected elderly and those who have survived after 20 years of HIV/AIDS. We summarize the current theories and research that link aging and HIV with psychiatric illnesses and identify emerging areas for improved research, treatment, and patient care.
    MeSH term(s) AIDS Dementia Complex/drug therapy ; AIDS Dementia Complex/epidemiology ; AIDS Dementia Complex/psychology ; Aging/psychology ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Cognition Disorders/drug therapy ; Cognition Disorders/epidemiology ; Cognition Disorders/psychology ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Prevalence ; Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Psychotic Disorders/psychology ; Risk Factors ; Substance-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology ; United States/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Anti-HIV Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-05-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1283265-0
    ISSN 1538-2443 ; 1355-0284
    ISSN (online) 1538-2443
    ISSN 1355-0284
    DOI 10.1007/s13365-012-0108-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Differences in Coping Among African American Women With Breast Cancer and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

    Watkins, Crystal C / Kamara Kanu, Iye / Hamilton, Jill B / Kozachik, Sharon L / Gaston-Johansson, Fannie

    Oncology nursing forum

    2017  Volume 44, Issue 6, Page(s) 689–702

    Abstract: Purpose/objectives: To determine differences in psychological distress, symptoms, coping capacity, and coping abilities among African American (AA) women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-TNBC and to explore differences in relationships ... ...

    Abstract Purpose/objectives: To determine differences in psychological distress, symptoms, coping capacity, and coping abilities among African American (AA) women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-TNBC and to explore differences in relationships among these variables.
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    Design: A prospective, descriptive, comparative, and correlational design.
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    Setting: Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.
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    Sample: 30 AA women with breast cancer.
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    Methods: Patients completed questionnaires during chemotherapy. The Transactional Model of Stress and Coping was used to guide the research.
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    Main research variables: Psychological distress, symptoms, coping capacity, and coping ability.
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    Findings: Patients with non-TNBC reported more intense present total pain, nausea and vomiting, better emotional functioning, lower cognitive functioning, use of significantly more prayer and hope, and more coping self-statements. A lower coping capacity score was associated with psychological distress in the TNBC group at midpoint and in both groups at completion of chemotherapy treatment. Patients in both groups used a higher level of positive religious coping.
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    Conclusions: AA women with TNBC and non-TNBC might benefit (reduced psychological distress and improved coping skills) from receiving a comprehensive psychological care program. The findings can be incorporated and tested in a comprehensive coping strategy program.
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    Implications for nursing: Nurses should work closely with AA women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy to help them identify and consciously use coping strategies associated with increased coping capacity.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; African Americans/psychology ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Maryland ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Spirituality ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/psychology
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604886-9
    ISSN 1538-0688 ; 0190-535X ; 1538-0688
    ISSN (online) 1538-0688 ; 0190-535X
    ISSN 1538-0688
    DOI 10.1188/17.ONF.689-702
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Safety considerations in drug treatment of depression in HIV-positive patients: an updated review.

    Watkins, Crystal C / Pieper, Andrew A / Treisman, Glenn J

    Drug safety

    2011  Volume 34, Issue 8, Page(s) 623–639

    Abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent illnesses associated with HIV infection, and negatively affects medication adherence, disease progression and mortality in HIV disease. Co-morbid treatment of major depression in HIV disease is ...

    Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent illnesses associated with HIV infection, and negatively affects medication adherence, disease progression and mortality in HIV disease. Co-morbid treatment of major depression in HIV disease is the optimal therapeutic approach, but discriminating MDD from normal fluctuations in mood state, personality or physiology is difficult. Definitive diagnosis of MDD is critical for drug safety and for avoiding unnecessary exposure to psychotropic medications. HIV patients respond to antidepressant treatment like the general population, and medication adverse effects and patient adherence are the best predictors of treatment outcome. This review attempts to assist the medical provider with the diagnosis and treatment of MDD in HIV patients. We outline the initial steps in screening and psychiatric referral, the antidepressants that are particularly useful in HIV-infected patients, and the adverse effects and pharmacological strategies for overcoming potential barriers to medication adherence. Potential interactions between the various classes of antidepressants and HIV/antiretroviral therapy, as well as management of HIV medication-related psychiatric adverse effects, are also discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Depressive Disorder/drug therapy ; HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy ; Humans ; Medication Adherence
    Chemical Substances Anti-HIV Agents ; Antidepressive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-07-19
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1018059-x
    ISSN 1179-1942 ; 0114-5916
    ISSN (online) 1179-1942
    ISSN 0114-5916
    DOI 10.2165/11592070-000000000-00000
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Morphology and efficiency of a specialized foraging behavior, sediment sifting, in neotropical cichlid fishes.

    López-Fernández, Hernán / Arbour, Jessica / Willis, Stuart / Watkins, Crystal / Honeycutt, Rodney L / Winemiller, Kirk O

    PloS one

    2014  Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) e89832

    Abstract: Understanding of relationships between morphology and ecological performance can help to reveal how natural selection drives biological diversification. We investigate relationships between feeding behavior, foraging performance and morphology within a ... ...

    Abstract Understanding of relationships between morphology and ecological performance can help to reveal how natural selection drives biological diversification. We investigate relationships between feeding behavior, foraging performance and morphology within a diverse group of teleost fishes, and examine the extent to which associations can be explained by evolutionary relatedness. Morphological adaptation associated with sediment sifting was examined using a phylogenetic linear discriminant analysis on a set of ecomorphological traits from 27 species of Neotropical cichlids. For most sifting taxa, feeding behavior could be effectively predicted by a linear discriminant function of ecomorphology across multiple clades of sediment sifters, and this pattern could not be explained by shared evolutionary history alone. Additionally, we tested foraging efficiency in seven Neotropical cichlid species, five of which are specialized benthic feeders with differing head morphology. Efficiency was evaluated based on the degree to which invertebrate prey could be retrieved at different depths of sediment. Feeding performance was compared both with respect to feeding mode and species using a phylogenetic ANCOVA, with substrate depth as a covariate. Benthic foraging performance was constant across sediment depths in non-sifters but declined with depth in sifters. The non-sifting Hypsophrys used sweeping motions of the body and fins to excavate large pits to uncover prey; this tactic was more efficient for consuming deeply buried invertebrates than observed among sediment sifters. Findings indicate that similar feeding performance among sediment-sifting cichlids extracting invertebrate prey from shallow sediment layers reflects constraints associated with functional morphology and, to a lesser extent, phylogeny.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Physiological/physiology ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cichlids/classification ; Cichlids/genetics ; Cichlids/physiology ; Discriminant Analysis ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Species Specificity ; Tropical Climate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0089832
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: The Effects of Symptoms on Quality of Life during Chemotherapy in African-American Women with Breast Cancer.

    Gaton-Johansson, Fannie / Watkins, Crystal C / Kanu, Iye Kamara / Whitehouse, Erin / Sarenmalm, Elisabeth Kenne / Brovall, Maria / Kozachik, Sharon L

    Journal of National Black Nurses' Association : JNBNA

    2016  Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 7–16

    Abstract: Little is known about the effects of burdensome symptoms dur- ing chemotherapy treatment in African-American women. This study explored the symptom burden occurring during chemotherapy treatment and how these symptoms impacted functional well-being and ... ...

    Abstract Little is known about the effects of burdensome symptoms dur- ing chemotherapy treatment in African-American women. This study explored the symptom burden occurring during chemotherapy treatment and how these symptoms impacted functional well-being and quality of life (QOL). A sample of 30 African-American women with breast cancer (BC) completed a battery of questionnaires that were used to collect the data at baseline, midpoint, and at the completion of chemotherapy. There were significant differences in the severity of symptoms for worse pain, pain inteiference with activities of daily living (ADLs), present fatigue and history offatigue, present nausea and history of nausea and insomnia as well as lower intensity of QOL measures over the course of chemotherapy treatment. All symptoms had greater intensity at midpoint and completion than at baseline. Worst pain had a significant negative effect on functional well-being. Both pain and depression each had significant negative effects on QOL.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; African Americans ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/ethnology ; Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1225465-4
    ISSN 0885-6028
    ISSN 0885-6028
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Kleine-Levin syndrome: a disease in its own right?

    Taylor, Jacob / Watkins, Crystal / Kaplin, Adam

    Nature clinical practice. Neurology

    2008  Volume 4, Issue 10, Page(s) 534–535

    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2213224-7
    ISSN 1745-8358 ; 1745-834X
    ISSN (online) 1745-8358
    ISSN 1745-834X
    DOI 10.1038/ncpneuro0900
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Physicians' and nurses' experiences of the influence of race and ethnicity on the quality of healthcare provided to minority patients, and on their own professional careers.

    Johansson, Patrik / Jones, Deborah E / Watkins, Crystal C / Haisfield-Wolfe, Mary Ellen / Gaston-Johansson, Fannie

    Journal of National Black Nurses' Association : JNBNA

    2011  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 43–56

    Abstract: This qualitative content analysis examines data from African-American and Hispanic physician and nurse focus groups conducted by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Participants discussed the influence of race and ethnicity regarding perspectives on ... ...

    Abstract This qualitative content analysis examines data from African-American and Hispanic physician and nurse focus groups conducted by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Participants discussed the influence of race and ethnicity regarding perspectives on healthcare provided to ethnic minority patients, and on the professional careers of ethnic minority physicians and nurses. A majority of responses related to Racism and Prejudice, which affected ethnic minority patients and health-care providers at three levels (health-care system to patient, provider to patient, and provider to provider). Racism and Prejudice interfered with promotions, obtaining hospital privileges, and advancement in careers. Communication and Culture was important among patients who preferred racially concordant care providers. Role Modeling was found to be important as participants entered and matured in their professional careers. Findings provide compelling evidence that racism and prejudice are shared experiences between ethnic minority physicians and nurses throughout their careers. One concerning finding was that perceived prejudice materialized at the onset of medical and nursing education and remained a predominant theme throughout the professionals' careers. Research should be directed towards providing equity in care and on the careers of ethnic minority health-care professionals.
    MeSH term(s) Attitude of Health Personnel ; Continental Population Groups ; Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; Minority Groups ; Nurses/psychology ; Physicians/psychology ; Prejudice ; Quality of Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-08-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1225465-4
    ISSN 0885-6028
    ISSN 0885-6028
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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