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Article ; Online: Evidence for Chronotropic Incompetence in Well-healed Burn Survivors.

Foster, Josh / Watso, Joseph C / Crandall, Craig G

Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association

2022 Volume 44, Issue 2, Page(s) 431–437

Abstract: Due to various pathophysiological responses associated with a severe burn injury, we hypothesized that burn survivors exhibit chronotropic incompetence. To test this hypothesis, a graded peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) test was performed in 94 adults ( ...

Abstract	Due to various pathophysiological responses associated with a severe burn injury, we hypothesized that burn survivors exhibit chronotropic incompetence. To test this hypothesis, a graded peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) test was performed in 94 adults (34 nonburned, 31 burn survivors with 14-35% body surface area grafted, and 29 burn survivors with >35% body surface area grafted). The threshold of 35% body surface area grafted was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Peak exercise heart rates (HRmax) were compared against age-predicted HRmax within each group. The proportion of individuals not meeting their age-predicted HRmax (within 5 b/min) were compared between groups. Age-predicted HRmax was not different from measured HRmax in the nonburned and moderate burn groups (P = .09 and .22, respectively). However, measured HRmax was 10 ± 6 b/min lower than the age-predicted HRmax in those with a large burn injury (P < .001). While 56 and 65% of individuals in the nonburned and moderate burn group achieved a measured HRmax within 5 b/min or greater of age-predicted HRmax, only 21% of those in the large burn group met this criterion (P < .001). These data provide preliminary evidence of chronotropic incompetence in individuals with severe burn injury covering >35% body surface area.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Burns ; Exercise ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Survivors ; Body Surface Area ; Exercise Test ; Oxygen Consumption/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2224246-6
ISSN	1559-0488 ; 1559-047X
ISSN (online)	1559-0488
ISSN	1559-047X
DOI	10.1093/jbcr/irac056
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Article ; Online: Short-term high-salt consumption does not influence resting or exercising heart rate variability but increases MCP-1 concentration in healthy young adults.

Linder, Braxton A / Babcock, Matthew C / Pollin, Kamila U / Watso, Joseph C / Robinson, Austin T

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology

2023 Volume 324, Issue 5, Page(s) R666–R676

Abstract: High salt consumption increases blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease risk by altering autonomic function and increasing inflammation. However, it is unclear whether salt manipulation alters resting and exercising heart rate variability (HRV), a ...

Abstract	High salt consumption increases blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease risk by altering autonomic function and increasing inflammation. However, it is unclear whether salt manipulation alters resting and exercising heart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive measure of autonomic function, in healthy young adults. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether short-term high-salt intake
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Chemokine CCL2 ; Cross-Over Studies ; Exercise
Chemical Substances	Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Chemokine CCL2
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	603839-6
ISSN	1522-1490 ; 0363-6119
ISSN (online)	1522-1490
ISSN	0363-6119
DOI	10.1152/ajpregu.00240.2022
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Article ; Online: Hydration Status and Cardiovascular Function.

Watso, Joseph C / Farquhar, William B

Nutrients

2019 Volume 11, Issue 8

Abstract: Hypohydration, defined as a state of low body water, increases thirst sensations, arginine vasopressin release, and elicits renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation to replenish intra- and extra-cellular fluid stores. Hypohydration impairs mental ... ...

Abstract	Hypohydration, defined as a state of low body water, increases thirst sensations, arginine vasopressin release, and elicits renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation to replenish intra- and extra-cellular fluid stores. Hypohydration impairs mental and physical performance, but new evidence suggests hypohydration may also have deleterious effects on cardiovascular health. This is alarming because cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Observational studies have linked habitual low water intake with increased future risk for adverse cardiovascular events. While it is currently unclear how chronic reductions in water intake may predispose individuals to greater future risk for adverse cardiovascular events, there is evidence that acute hypohydration impairs vascular function and blood pressure (BP) regulation. Specifically, acute hypohydration may reduce endothelial function, increase sympathetic nervous system activity, and worsen orthostatic tolerance. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to present the currently available evidence linking acute hypohydration with altered vascular function and BP regulation.
MeSH term(s)	Body Water/physiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Dehydration/complications ; Humans ; Water-Electrolyte Balance/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu11081866
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Article ; Online: Sex Differences in Sympathetic Responses to Lower Body Negative Pressure.

Jarrard, Caitlin P / Watso, Joseph C / Atkins, Whitley C / McKenna, Zachary J / Foster, Josh / Huang, Mu / Belval, Luke N / Crandall, Craig G

Medicine and science in sports and exercise

2024

Abstract: Introduction: Trauma-induced hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in prehospital settings. Experimental data demonstrate that females have a lower tolerance to simulated hemorrhage (i.e., central hypovolemia). However, the mechanism(s) underpinning ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Trauma-induced hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in prehospital settings. Experimental data demonstrate that females have a lower tolerance to simulated hemorrhage (i.e., central hypovolemia). However, the mechanism(s) underpinning these responses are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to compare autonomic cardiovascular responses during central hypovolemia between the sexes. We hypothesized that females would have a lower tolerance and smaller increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to simulated hemorrhage. Methods: Data from 17 females and 19 males, aged 19-45, were retrospectively analyzed. Participants completed a progressive lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) protocol to presyncope to simulate hemorrhagic tolerance with continuous measures of MSNA and beat-to-beat hemodynamic variables. We compared responses at baseline, at two LBNP stages (40 mmHg and 50 mmHg), and at immediately before presyncope. In addition, we compared responses at relative percentages (33%, 66%, and 100%) of hemorrhagic tolerance, calculated via the cumulative stress index (i.e., the sum of the product of time and pressure at each LBNP stage). Results: Females had lower tolerance to central hypovolemia (female: 561 ± 309 vs. male: 894 ± 304 minmmHg [timeLBNP]; p = 0.003). At LBNP 40 mmHg and 50 mmHg, females had lower diastolic blood pressures (main effect of sex: p = 0.010). For the relative LBNP analysis, females exhibited lower MSNA burst frequency (main effect of sex: p = 0.016) accompanied by a lower total vascular conductance (sex: p = 0.028; main effect of sex). Conclusions: Females have a lower tolerance to central hypovolemia, which was accompanied by lower diastolic blood pressure at 40 and 50 mmHg LBNP. Notably, females had attenuated MSNA responses when assessed as relative LBNP tolerance time.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603994-7
ISSN	1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
ISSN (online)	1530-0315
ISSN	0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
DOI	10.1249/MSS.0000000000003392
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Article ; Online: The damaging duo: Obesity and excess dietary salt contribute to hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Watso, Joseph C. / Fancher, Ibra S. / Gomez, Dulce H. / Hutchison, Zachary J. / Gutiérrez, Orlando M. / Robinson, Austin T.

Obesity Reviews. 2023 Aug., v. 24, no. 8 p.e13589-

2023

Abstract: Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among adults worldwide. In this review, we focus on two of the most critical public health challenges that contribute to hypertension— ... ...

Abstract	Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among adults worldwide. In this review, we focus on two of the most critical public health challenges that contribute to hypertension—obesity and excess dietary sodium from salt (i.e., sodium chloride). While the independent effects of these factors have been studied extensively, the interplay of obesity and excess salt overconsumption is not well understood. Here, we discuss both the independent and combined effects of excess obesity and dietary salt given their contributions to vascular dysfunction, autonomic cardiovascular dysregulation, kidney dysfunction, and insulin resistance. We discuss the role of ultra‐processed foods—accounting for nearly 60% of energy intake in America—as a major contributor to both obesity and salt overconsumption. We highlight the influence of obesity on elevated blood pressure in the presence of a high‐salt diet (i.e., salt sensitivity). Throughout the review, we highlight critical gaps in knowledge that should be filled to inform us of the prevention, management, treatment, and mitigation strategies for addressing these public health challenges.
Keywords	blood pressure ; death ; diet ; energy intake ; hypertension ; insulin resistance ; kidneys ; obesity ; public health ; risk factors ; sodium ; sodium chloride ; table salt
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-08
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	REVIEW
ZDB-ID	2147980-X
ISSN	1467-789X ; 1467-7881
ISSN (online)	1467-789X
ISSN	1467-7881
DOI	10.1111/obr.13589
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Zs.A 5908: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Absent metaboreflex-induced increases in sympathetic outflow to contracting muscle.

Babcock, Matthew C / Watso, Joseph C

The Journal of physiology

2018 Volume 596, Issue 12, Page(s) 2281–2282

MeSH term(s)	Exercise ; Humans ; Sympathetic Nervous System
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	3115-x
ISSN	1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
ISSN (online)	1469-7793
ISSN	0022-3751
DOI	10.1113/JP276240
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Article ; Online: Burn size and environmental conditions modify thermoregulatory responses to exercise in burn survivors.

Belval, Luke N / Cramer, Matthew N / Moralez, Gilbert / Huang Dpt, Mu / Watso, Joseph C / Fischer, Mads / Crandall, Craig G

Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association

2023 Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) 227–233

Abstract: This project tested the hypothesis that burn survivors can perform mild/moderate-intensity exercise in temperate and hot environments without excessive elevations in core body temperature. Burn survivors with low (23 ± 5%TBSA; N = 11), moderate (40 ± 5% ... ...

Abstract	This project tested the hypothesis that burn survivors can perform mild/moderate-intensity exercise in temperate and hot environments without excessive elevations in core body temperature. Burn survivors with low (23 ± 5%TBSA; N = 11), moderate (40 ± 5%TBSA; N = 9), and high (60 ± 8%TBSA; N = 9) burn injuries performed 60 minutes of cycle ergometry exercise (72 ± 15 watts) in a 25°C and 23% relative humidity environment (ie, temperate) and in a 40°C and 21% relative humidity environment (ie, hot). Absolute gastrointestinal temperatures (TGI) and changes in TGI (ΔTGI) were obtained. Participants with an absolute TGI of >38.5°C and/or a ΔTGI of >1.5°C were categorized as being at risk for hyperthermia. For the temperate environment, exercise increased ΔTGI in all groups (low: 0.72 ± 0.21°C, moderate: 0.42 ± 0.22°C, and high: 0.77 ± 0.25°C; all P < .01 from pre-exercise baselines), resulting in similar absolute end-exercise TGI values (P = .19). Importantly, no participant was categorized as being at risk for hyperthermia, based upon the aforementioned criteria. For the hot environment, ΔTGI at the end of the exercise bout was greater for the high group when compared to the low group (P = .049). Notably, 33% of the moderate cohort and 56% of the high cohort reached or exceeded a core temperature of 38.5°C, while none in the low cohort exceeded this threshold. These data suggest that individuals with a substantial %TBSA burned can perform mild/moderate intensity exercise for 60 minutes in temperate environmental conditions without risk of excessive elevations in TGI. Conversely, the risk of excessive elevations in TGI during mild/moderate intensity exercise in a hot environment increases with the %TBSA burned.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Burns/therapy ; Body Temperature Regulation/physiology ; Exercise ; Body Temperature/physiology ; Fever ; Hyperthermia ; Hot Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2224246-6
ISSN	1559-0488 ; 1559-047X
ISSN (online)	1559-0488
ISSN	1559-047X
DOI	10.1093/jbcr/irad128
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Article ; Online: The damaging duo: Obesity and excess dietary salt contribute to hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Watso, Joseph C / Fancher, Ibra S / Gomez, Dulce H / Hutchison, Zachary J / Gutiérrez, Orlando M / Robinson, Austin T

Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity

2023 Volume 24, Issue 8, Page(s) e13589

Abstract	Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among adults worldwide. In this review, we focus on two of the most critical public health challenges that contribute to hypertension-obesity and excess dietary sodium from salt (i.e., sodium chloride). While the independent effects of these factors have been studied extensively, the interplay of obesity and excess salt overconsumption is not well understood. Here, we discuss both the independent and combined effects of excess obesity and dietary salt given their contributions to vascular dysfunction, autonomic cardiovascular dysregulation, kidney dysfunction, and insulin resistance. We discuss the role of ultra-processed foods-accounting for nearly 60% of energy intake in America-as a major contributor to both obesity and salt overconsumption. We highlight the influence of obesity on elevated blood pressure in the presence of a high-salt diet (i.e., salt sensitivity). Throughout the review, we highlight critical gaps in knowledge that should be filled to inform us of the prevention, management, treatment, and mitigation strategies for addressing these public health challenges.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/adverse effects ; Hypertension ; Obesity/complications ; Diet ; Blood Pressure
Chemical Substances	Sodium Chloride, Dietary
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2147980-X
ISSN	1467-789X ; 1467-7881
ISSN (online)	1467-789X
ISSN	1467-7881
DOI	10.1111/obr.13589
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Article ; Online: Novel fueling strategies for exercise performance: Can exogenous ketone esters be the answer to prevent overtraining?

Holmer, Brady J / Watso, Joseph C / Robinson, Austin T

The Journal of physiology

2019 Volume 597, Issue 17, Page(s) 4439–4440

MeSH term(s)	Dietary Supplements ; Endurance Training ; Esters ; Exercise ; Humans ; Ketones
Chemical Substances	Esters ; Ketones
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	3115-x
ISSN	1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
ISSN (online)	1469-7793
ISSN	0022-3751
DOI	10.1113/JP278520
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Article: Hydration Status and Cardiovascular Function

Watso, Joseph C / Farquhar, William B

Nutrients. 2019 Aug. 11, v. 11, no. 8

2019

Abstract: Hypohydration, defined as a state of low body water, increases thirst sensations, arginine vasopressin release, and elicits renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation to replenish intra- and extra-cellular fluid stores. Hypohydration impairs mental ... ...

Abstract	Hypohydration, defined as a state of low body water, increases thirst sensations, arginine vasopressin release, and elicits renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation to replenish intra- and extra-cellular fluid stores. Hypohydration impairs mental and physical performance, but new evidence suggests hypohydration may also have deleterious effects on cardiovascular health. This is alarming because cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Observational studies have linked habitual low water intake with increased future risk for adverse cardiovascular events. While it is currently unclear how chronic reductions in water intake may predispose individuals to greater future risk for adverse cardiovascular events, there is evidence that acute hypohydration impairs vascular function and blood pressure (BP) regulation. Specifically, acute hypohydration may reduce endothelial function, increase sympathetic nervous system activity, and worsen orthostatic tolerance. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to present the currently available evidence linking acute hypohydration with altered vascular function and BP regulation.
Keywords	arginine vasopressin ; blood pressure ; body water ; cardiovascular diseases ; nutrition risk assessment ; observational studies ; physical activity ; sympathetic nervous system ; thirst ; United States
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0811
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu11081866
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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