Article ; Online: Structures of the human LONP1 protease reveal regulatory steps involved in protease activation.
2021 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 3239
Abstract: The human mitochondrial AAA+ protein LONP1 is a critical quality control protease involved in regulating diverse aspects of mitochondrial biology including proteostasis, electron transport chain activity, and mitochondrial transcription. As such, genetic ...
| Abstract | The human mitochondrial AAA+ protein LONP1 is a critical quality control protease involved in regulating diverse aspects of mitochondrial biology including proteostasis, electron transport chain activity, and mitochondrial transcription. As such, genetic or aging-associated imbalances in LONP1 activity are implicated in pathologic mitochondrial dysfunction associated with numerous human diseases. Despite this importance, the molecular basis for LONP1-dependent proteolytic activity remains poorly defined. Here, we solved cryo-electron microscopy structures of human LONP1 to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms governing substrate proteolysis. We show that, like bacterial Lon, human LONP1 adopts both an open and closed spiral staircase orientation dictated by the presence of substrate and nucleotide. Unlike bacterial Lon, human LONP1 contains a second spiral staircase within its ATPase domain that engages substrate as it is translocated toward the proteolytic chamber. Intriguingly, and in contrast to its bacterial ortholog, substrate binding within the central ATPase channel of LONP1 alone is insufficient to induce the activated conformation of the protease domains. To successfully induce the active protease conformation in substrate-bound LONP1, substrate binding within the protease active site is necessary, which we demonstrate by adding bortezomib, a peptidomimetic active site inhibitor of LONP1. These results suggest LONP1 can decouple ATPase and protease activities depending on whether AAA+ or both AAA+ and protease domains bind substrate. Importantly, our structures provide a molecular framework to define the critical importance of LONP1 in regulating mitochondrial proteostasis in health and disease. |
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| MeSH term(s) | ATP-Dependent Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors ; ATP-Dependent Proteases/genetics ; ATP-Dependent Proteases/metabolism ; ATP-Dependent Proteases/ultrastructure ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Aging/metabolism ; Bortezomib/pharmacology ; Catalytic Domain/drug effects ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Enzyme Assays ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Protein Domains/genetics ; Proteolysis ; Proteostasis ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/ultrastructure |
| Chemical Substances | Mitochondrial Proteins ; Recombinant Proteins ; Bortezomib (69G8BD63PP) ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; ATP-Dependent Proteases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; LONP1 protein, human (EC 3.4.21.-) |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2021-05-28 |
| Publishing country | England |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. |
| ZDB-ID | 2553671-0 |
| ISSN | 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723 |
| ISSN (online) | 2041-1723 |
| ISSN | 2041-1723 |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41467-021-23495-0 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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