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Article ; Online: Pharyngeal pouch: comparison of surgical treatment with botulinum toxin injection to the cricopharyngeus.

Lau, K / Watson, M G

2019 Volume 133, Issue 2, Page(s) 125–128

Abstract: Background: Pharyngeal pouch surgical treatments can be carried out via an endoscopic or open approach. Injection of botulinum toxin into the cricopharyngeus was first described as an alternative treatment to the more invasive surgical procedures ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pharyngeal pouch surgical treatments can be carried out via an endoscopic or open approach. Injection of botulinum toxin into the cricopharyngeus was first described as an alternative treatment to the more invasive surgical procedures performed for cricopharyngeal dysfunction. It has not been previously described as a treatment option for pharyngeal pouch. Objectives: To compare operative time, average stay, complication rates and symptom control between endoscopic laser diverticulotomy, botulinum toxin injection and open procedures for pharyngeal pouch patients. Methods: The medical records for 66 pharyngeal pouch procedures, carried out on 47 patients treated between 2011 and 2017, were identified and reviewed. Results: The mean operative time was 21 minutes for botulinum toxin injection, 38 for endoscopic laser diverticulotomy and 104 for open surgery. The mean hospital stay was 0.6 days for botulinum toxin injection, 4.7 for endoscopic laser diverticulotomy and 4 for open surgery. The improvement in Reflux Symptom Index scores was statistically significant for both endoscopic laser diverticulotomy and botulinum toxin injection. Botulinum toxin injection had a 0 per cent complication rate. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin injection is a safe and effective treatment for pharyngeal pouch.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Botulinum Toxins/administration & dosage ; DiGeorge Syndrome/drug therapy ; DiGeorge Syndrome/surgery ; Endoscopy/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurotoxins/administration & dosage ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Pharyngeal Muscles ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Neurotoxins ; Botulinum Toxins (EC 3.4.24.69)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218299-3
ISSN	1748-5460 ; 0022-2151
ISSN (online)	1748-5460
ISSN	0022-2151
DOI	10.1017/S0022215119000124
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Book ; Online: A Lipid-Structured Model of Atherosclerotic Plaque Macrophages with Lipid-Dependent Kinetics

Watson, M. G. / Chambers, K. L. / Myerscough, M. R.

2022

Abstract: Atherosclerotic plaques are fatty growths in artery walls that cause heart attacks and strokes. Plaque formation is orchestrated by macrophages that are recruited to the artery wall to consume and remove blood-derived lipids, such as low-density ... ...

Abstract	Atherosclerotic plaques are fatty growths in artery walls that cause heart attacks and strokes. Plaque formation is orchestrated by macrophages that are recruited to the artery wall to consume and remove blood-derived lipids, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Ineffective lipid removal, due to macrophage death and other factors, leads to the accumulation of lipid-loaded macrophages and formation of a necrotic core. Experimental observations suggest that macrophage functionality varies with the extent of lipid loading. However, little is known about the resultant influence on plaque fate. Extending work by Ford et al. (2019) and Chambers et al. (2022), we develop a plaque model in which macrophages are classified by their ingested lipid content and behave in a lipid-dependent manner. The model, a system of partial-integro differential equations, considers several macrophage behaviours. These include: recruitment to the artery wall; proliferation and apoptosis; ingestion of LDL, apoptotic cells and necrotic lipid; emigration from the artery wall; and necrosis of apoptotic cells. Here, we consider apoptosis, emigration and proliferation to be lipid-dependent. We model lipid-dependence in these behaviours with experimentally-informed functions of the internalised lipid load. Our results demonstrate that lipid-dependent macrophage behaviour can substantially alter plaque fate by changing both the total quantity of lipid in the plaque and the distribution of lipid between the live cells, dead cells and necrotic core. For lipid-dependent apoptosis and lipid-dependent emigration simulations, we find significant differences in outcomes for cases that ultimately converge on the same net rate of apoptosis or emigration.
Keywords	Quantitative Biology - Cell Behavior
Subject code	612
Publishing date	2022-05-11
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Tuberculosis: the great imitator in the head and neck - our experience of 24 cases in 22 years.

El-Wajeh, Y A M / Watson, M G / Igoumenakis, D / Stathopoulos, P

The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery

2018 Volume 56, Issue 3, Page(s) 168–172

Abstract: This retrospective study covered over two decades, during which an individual head and neck surgeon treated 24 patients with cervicofacial lymphadenitis that was related to both Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (n=17, made up of M tuberculosis (n=16) ... ...

Abstract	This retrospective study covered over two decades, during which an individual head and neck surgeon treated 24 patients with cervicofacial lymphadenitis that was related to both Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (n=17, made up of M tuberculosis (n=16) and M bovis (n=1)), and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The seven cases of non-tuberculous mycobacteria were caused by M avium complex (n=3), M malmoense (n=3), and M kansaii (n=1). By using a tailored management approach, at times selective combined surgical and antimycobacterial treatment, he achieved a success rate of 23/24 cases, with only one recurrence and no major complications. The results suggest that patients with tuberculosis confined to the head and neck rarely develop constitutional symptoms, so the absence of such symptoms may not exclude tuberculosis. There was also a good correlation between predictive variables (immune state, inflammatory markers on admission, causative mycobacterium, and the antimycobacterial regimen used) and time spent under follow-up at the head and neck outpatient clinic.
MeSH term(s)	Head/microbiology ; Head/pathology ; Humans ; Lymphadenitis/diagnosis ; Lymphadenitis/microbiology ; Lymphadenitis/pathology ; Mycobacterium Infections/diagnosis ; Mycobacterium Infections/microbiology ; Mycobacterium Infections/pathology ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/pathology ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Neck/microbiology ; Neck/pathology ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-01
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605685-4
ISSN	1532-1940 ; 0266-4356
ISSN (online)	1532-1940
ISSN	0266-4356
DOI	10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.12.016
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Article: Bleeding tonsils.

Watson, M G

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

1990 Volume 301, Issue 6763, Page(s) 1233–1234

MeSH term(s)	Carotid Artery Diseases/complications ; Hemorrhage/etiology ; Humans ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pharyngeal Diseases/etiology ; Tonsillitis/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	1990-12-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8138 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj.301.6763.1233
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Article ; Online: Dynamics of angiogenesis during murine retinal development: a coupled in vivo and in silico study.

Watson, M G / McDougall, S R / Chaplain, M A J / Devlin, A H / Mitchell, C A

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

2012 Volume 9, Issue 74, Page(s) 2351–2364

Abstract: The manner in which the superficial retinal vascular plexus (RVP) develops in neonatal wild-type mice is relatively well documented and poses an interesting challenge to the mathematical modelling community. Prior to birth, astrocyte sprouting and ... ...

Abstract	The manner in which the superficial retinal vascular plexus (RVP) develops in neonatal wild-type mice is relatively well documented and poses an interesting challenge to the mathematical modelling community. Prior to birth, astrocyte sprouting and proliferation begin around the edge of the optic nerve head, and subsequent astrocyte migration in response to a chemotactic gradient of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A results in the formation of a dense scaffold on the surface of the inner retina. Astrocytes express a variety of chemotactic and haptotactic proteins that subsequently induce endothelial cell sprouting and modulate growth of the RVP. An experimentally informed, two-dimensional hybrid partial differential equation-discrete model is derived to track the outward migration of individual astrocyte and endothelial tip cells in response to the appropriate biochemical cues. Blood perfusion is included throughout the development of the plexus, and the evolving retinal trees are allowed to adapt and remodel by means of several biological stimuli. The resulting wild-type in silico RVP structures are compared with corresponding experimental whole mounts taken at various stages of development, and agreement between the respective vascular morphologies is found to be excellent. Subsequent numerical predictions help elucidate some of the key biological processes underlying retinal development and demonstrate the potential of the virtual retina for the investigation of various vascular-related diseases of the eye.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Cell Movement/physiology ; Endothelial Cells/cytology ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology ; Optic Nerve/blood supply ; Optic Nerve/cytology ; Optic Nerve/embryology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism ; Retina/cytology ; Retina/embryology ; Retinal Vessels/cytology ; Retinal Vessels/embryology
Chemical Substances	Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; platelet-derived growth factor A
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2156283-0
ISSN	1742-5662 ; 1742-5689
ISSN (online)	1742-5662
ISSN	1742-5689
DOI	10.1098/rsif.2012.0067
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Article ; Online: A hybrid discrete-continuum mathematical model of pattern prediction in the developing retinal vasculature.

McDougall, S R / Watson, M G / Devlin, A H / Mitchell, C A / Chaplain, M A J

Bulletin of mathematical biology

2012 Volume 74, Issue 10, Page(s) 2272–2314

Abstract: Pathological angiogenesis has been extensively explored by the mathematical modelling community over the past few decades, specifically in the contexts of tumour-induced vascularisation and wound healing. However, there have been relatively few attempts ... ...

Abstract	Pathological angiogenesis has been extensively explored by the mathematical modelling community over the past few decades, specifically in the contexts of tumour-induced vascularisation and wound healing. However, there have been relatively few attempts to model angiogenesis associated with normal development, despite the availability of animal models with experimentally accessible and highly ordered vascular topologies: for example, growth and development of the vascular plexus layers in the murine retina. The current study aims to address this issue through the development of a hybrid discrete-continuum mathematical model of the developing retinal vasculature in neonatal mice that is closely coupled with an ongoing experimental programme. The model of the functional vasculature is informed by a range of morphological and molecular data obtained over a period of several days, from 6 days prior to birth to approximately 8 days after birth. The spatio-temporal formation of the superficial retinal vascular plexus (RVP) in wild-type mice occurs in a well-defined sequence. Prior to birth, astrocytes migrate from the optic nerve over the surface of the inner retina in response to a chemotactic gradient of PDGF-A, formed at an earlier stage by migrating retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Astrocytes express a variety of chemotactic and haptotactic proteins, including VEGF and fibronectin (respectively), which subsequently induce endothelial cell sprouting and modulate growth of the RVP. The developing RVP is not an inert structure; however, the vascular bed adapts and remodels in response to a wide variety of metabolic and biomolecular stimuli. The main focus of this investigation is to understand how these interacting cellular, molecular, and metabolic cues regulate RVP growth and formation. In an earlier one-dimensional continuum model of astrocyte and endothelial migration, we showed that the measured frontal velocities of the two cell types could be accurately reproduced by means of a system of five coupled partial differential equations (Aubert et al. in Bull. Math. Biol. 73:2430-2451, 2011). However, this approach was unable to generate spatial information and structural detail for the entire retinal surface. Building upon this earlier work, a more realistic two-dimensional hybrid PDE-discrete model is derived here that tracks the migration of individual astrocytes and endothelial tip cells towards the outer retinal boundary. Blood perfusion is included throughout plexus development and the emergent retinal architectures adapt and remodel in response to various biological factors. The resulting in silico RVP structures are compared with whole-mounted retinal vasculatures at various stages of development, and the agreement is found to be excellent. Having successfully benchmarked the model against wild-type data, the effect of transgenic over-expression of various genes is predicted, based on the ocular-specific expression of VEGF-A during murine development. These results can be used to help inform future experimental investigations of signalling pathways in ocular conditions characterised by aberrant angiogenesis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Chemotaxis/physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Biological ; Retina/cytology ; Retina/metabolism ; Retina/physiology ; Retinal Vessels/cytology ; Retinal Vessels/metabolism ; Retinal Vessels/physiology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-07-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184905-0
ISSN	1522-9602 ; 0007-4985 ; 0092-8240
ISSN (online)	1522-9602
ISSN	0007-4985 ; 0092-8240
DOI	10.1007/s11538-012-9754-9
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Article: Accuracy of postal questionnaires?

Watson, M G

The Journal of laryngology and otology

1989 Volume 103, Issue 11, Page(s) 1103

MeSH term(s)	Data Collection/standards ; Postal Service ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	1989-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	218299-3
ISSN	1748-5460 ; 0022-2151
ISSN (online)	1748-5460
ISSN	0022-2151
DOI	10.1017/s0022215100111120
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Article: Investigation of salivary gland disease.

Watson, M G

Ear, nose, & throat journal

1989 Volume 68, Issue 2, Page(s) 84, 87–93

Abstract: The various techniques available for the investigation of salivary gland disease are described and their clinical applications discussed. Sialography and scintigraphy are most helpful in cases of recurrent glandular swelling, and CT or MRI in the ... ...

Abstract	The various techniques available for the investigation of salivary gland disease are described and their clinical applications discussed. Sialography and scintigraphy are most helpful in cases of recurrent glandular swelling, and CT or MRI in the evaluation of tumors.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Salivary Gland Diseases/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	1989-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	750153-5
ISSN	1942-7522 ; 0145-5613
ISSN (online)	1942-7522
ISSN	0145-5613
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Article: Candidal abscess in a second primary neoplasm of the neopharynx.

Olarinde, O / Watson, M G

The Journal of laryngology and otology

2000 Volume 114, Issue 12, Page(s) 974–975

Abstract: A candidal abscess is a known complication of disseminated candidiasis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. We report a second primary growth in the neopharynx brought to light by a candidal abscess in a non-immunocompromised patient. ...

Abstract	A candidal abscess is a known complication of disseminated candidiasis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. We report a second primary growth in the neopharynx brought to light by a candidal abscess in a non-immunocompromised patient.
MeSH term(s)	Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Candidiasis/complications ; Candidiasis/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery ; Fluconazole/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/complications ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/surgery ; Nystatin/therapeutic use ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms/complications ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery ; Retropharyngeal Abscess/complications ; Retropharyngeal Abscess/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Antifungal Agents ; Nystatin (1400-61-9) ; Fluconazole (8VZV102JFY)
Language	English
Publishing date	2000-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218299-3
ISSN	1748-5460 ; 0022-2151
ISSN (online)	1748-5460
ISSN	0022-2151
DOI	10.1258/0022215001904509
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Article: Measurement of range of motion of the finger after flexor tendon repair in zone II of the hand.

Jansen, C W / Watson, M G

The Journal of hand surgery

1993 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) 411–417

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare classification systems of active range of motion of the finger after flexor tendon surgery in zone II of the hand. Active range of motion of 20 fingers (16 subjects) was classified according to five systems. ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this study was to compare classification systems of active range of motion of the finger after flexor tendon surgery in zone II of the hand. Active range of motion of 20 fingers (16 subjects) was classified according to five systems. Agreement between the systems was only fair. Strickland's original system and the Louisville system rated the results most strictly, followed by Strickland's adjusted system. Buck-Gramcko's systems (in centimeters and degrees) rated the results least strictly. Strickland's systems conformed most closely to measurement principles. This article concludes that at this time Strickland's original classification system is preferable for scientific and clinical purposes. However, additional research is needed to evaluate reliability of the measurement, the variability of the scaling factor of 175 degrees, the sensitivity of the measurement, and the validity of the measurement with regard to functional use of the finger and gliding of the repaired tendon.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Finger Injuries/physiopathology ; Finger Injuries/surgery ; Finger Joint/physiopathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tendons/physiopathology ; Tendons/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	1993-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	605716-0
ISSN	1531-6564 ; 0363-5023
ISSN (online)	1531-6564
ISSN	0363-5023
DOI	10.1016/0363-5023(93)90083-f
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