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  1. Article: A method for computing transformations in radioactive series.

    WATSON, W H

    Canadian journal of research

    2010  Volume 25, Issue 4, Page(s) 252–260

    MeSH term(s) Radioactivity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-02-04
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    DOI 10.1139/cjr47a-022
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  2. Article ; Online: The Distribution and Possible Roles of Small Cardioactive Peptide in the Nudibranch

    Watson, W H / Nash, A / Lee, C / Patz, M D / Newcomb, J M

    Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England)

    2020  Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) obaa016

    Abstract: The neuropeptide small cardioactive peptide (SCP) plays an integrative role in exciting various motor programs involved in feeding and locomotion in a number of gastropod species. In this study, immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies against ... ...

    Abstract The neuropeptide small cardioactive peptide (SCP) plays an integrative role in exciting various motor programs involved in feeding and locomotion in a number of gastropod species. In this study, immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies against SCP
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2517-4843
    ISSN (online) 2517-4843
    DOI 10.1093/iob/obaa016
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  3. Article ; Online: The Digestive Diverticula in the Carnivorous Nudibranch,

    Watson, W H / Bourque, K M F / Sullivan, J R / Miller, M / Buell, A / Kallins, M G / Curtis, N E / Pierce, S K / Blackman, E / Urato, S / Newcomb, J M

    Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England)

    2021  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) obab015

    Abstract: A number of nudibranchs, ... ...

    Abstract A number of nudibranchs, including
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2517-4843
    ISSN (online) 2517-4843
    DOI 10.1093/iob/obab015
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  4. Article: Modification of olfactory-related behavior in juvenile Atlantic salmon by changes in pH.

    Royce-Malmgren, C H / Watson, W H

    Journal of chemical ecology

    2013  Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 533–546

    Abstract: The hypothesis that low pH modifies the response of salmonids to certain olfactory stimuli was tested. An interactive video-computer system was used to monitor the behavior of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). At a pH of 7.6, animals were attracted ...

    Abstract The hypothesis that low pH modifies the response of salmonids to certain olfactory stimuli was tested. An interactive video-computer system was used to monitor the behavior of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). At a pH of 7.6, animals were attracted to glycine and avoidedL-alanine. These effects were dose-dependent, with a threshold of 10(-7) M. The response of the fish to both amino acids changed when the pH of the test chamber was gradually lowered from 7.6 to 5.1; they became attracted toL-alanine and indifferent to glycine. These effects were reversible with a return to pH 7.6. Our findings suggest that acid rain may contribute to reductions in salmonid populations in acidified rivers by impairing the recognition of olfactory cues by salmon during their spawning migration.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-12-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 800130-3
    ISSN 1573-1561 ; 0098-0331
    ISSN (online) 1573-1561
    ISSN 0098-0331
    DOI 10.1007/BF01880097
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  5. Article: An interactive video-computer tracking system for quantification of locomotor behavior.

    Royce-Malmgren, C H / Watson, W H

    Journal of chemical ecology

    2013  Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) 1029–1044

    Abstract: We have developed a flexible, moderately priced, behavioral analysis system which has been used to determine the response of salmonids to certain olfactory stimulants. The system, which we call ITS for interactive computer-video tracking system, consists ...

    Abstract We have developed a flexible, moderately priced, behavioral analysis system which has been used to determine the response of salmonids to certain olfactory stimulants. The system, which we call ITS for interactive computer-video tracking system, consists of a 128K Apple IIe computer with software, a video camera and videocassette recorder, and a special-effects generator. Experiments are video taped and then, during playback, the special effects generator is used to simultaneously display the video image and the graphics output of the computer on a monitor. The user tracks the animal of interest using an electronic pen, and the position of that animal in the test chamber, in the form ofx-y coordinates, is determined by the computer at user-defined time intervals. When tracking is complete, a plot of the track of the animal is printed within the outline of the test chamber. The following data can also be calculated: swimming velocity, distance from a predetermined point in the chamber (for example, olfactory stimulant source), and time spent in a given area. These variables can be calculated over any chosen time periods and/or for the entire experiment. ITS has numerous advantages over commercially available devices that perform similar tasks. First, it is relatively inexpensive, especially if one already owns video equipment and a computer. Second, it can analyze many types of experiments that can be stored on video tape, including field observations or manipulations. Third, because it is not automated, it is easy to track multiple objects, even if their tracks cross or are not easily located against a low-contrast background. Finally, because whole images do not have to be digitized, and data collection intervals can be adjusted by the user, it is possible to analyze very long experiments with a microcomputer. In this paper we describe ITS and then we demonstrate how we have used it to demonstrate that changes in ambient pH alter the behavioral response of juvenile Atlantic salmon to olfactory stimuli.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-12-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 800130-3
    ISSN 1573-1561 ; 0098-0331
    ISSN (online) 1573-1561
    ISSN 0098-0331
    DOI 10.1007/BF01020536
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  6. Article: Swimming behavior of the nudibranch Melibe leonina.

    Lawrence, K A / Watson, W H

    The Biological bulletin

    2002  Volume 203, Issue 2, Page(s) 144–151

    Abstract: Swimming in the nudibranch Melibe leonina consists of five types of movements that occur in the following sequence: (1) withdrawal, (2) lateral flattening, (3) a series of lateral flexions, (4) unrolling and swinging, and (5) termination. Melibe swims ... ...

    Abstract Swimming in the nudibranch Melibe leonina consists of five types of movements that occur in the following sequence: (1) withdrawal, (2) lateral flattening, (3) a series of lateral flexions, (4) unrolling and swinging, and (5) termination. Melibe swims spontaneously, as well as in response to different types of aversive stimuli. In this study, swimming was elicited by contact with the tube feet of the predatory sea star Pycnopodia helianthoides, pinching with forceps, or application of a 1 M KCl solution. During an episode of swimming, the duration of swim cycles (2.7 +/- 0.2 s [mean +/- SEM], n = 29) and the amplitude of lateral flexions remained relatively constant. However, the latency between the application of a stimulus and initiation of swimming was more variable, as was the duration of an episode of swimming. For example, when touched with a single tube foot from a sea star (n = 32), the latency to swim was 7.0 +/- 2.4 s, and swimming continued for 53.7 +/- 9.4 s, whereas application of KCl resulted in a longer latency to swim (22.3 +/- 4.5 s) and more prolonged swimming episodes (174.9 +/- 32.1 s). Swimming individuals tended to move in a direction perpendicular to the long axis of the foot, which propelled them laterally when they were oriented with the oral hood toward the surface of the water. The results of this study indicate that swimming in Melibe, like that in several other molluscs, is a stereotyped fixed action pattern that can be reliably elicited in the laboratory. These characteristics, along with the large identifiable neurons typical of many molluscs, make swimming in this nudibranch amenable to neuroethological analyses.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mollusca/physiology ; Swimming/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1268-3
    ISSN 1939-8697 ; 0006-3185 ; 0148-9488
    ISSN (online) 1939-8697
    ISSN 0006-3185 ; 0148-9488
    DOI 10.2307/1543383
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  7. Article: Working in the Third World: a guide for the family doctor.

    Watson, W H

    Family practice

    1990  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–4

    MeSH term(s) Developing Countries ; Family Practice ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Medical Missions ; Tropical Medicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 1990-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605939-9
    ISSN 1460-2229 ; 0263-2136
    ISSN (online) 1460-2229
    ISSN 0263-2136
    DOI 10.1093/fampra/7.1.3
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2021: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  8. Article: Identifiable nitrergic neurons in the central nervous system of the nudibranch Melibe leonina localized with NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity.

    Newcomb, J M / Watson, W H

    The Journal of comparative neurology

    2001  Volume 437, Issue 1, Page(s) 70–78

    Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous intercellular messenger produced by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In this study, we used two different techniques-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry and NOS ... ...

    Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous intercellular messenger produced by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In this study, we used two different techniques-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry and NOS immunocytochemistry-to demonstrate that NOS is present in a pair of identifiable cells in the central nervous system of the nudibranch Melibe leonina. In the Melibe brain, NADPH-d histochemistry revealed only a single pair of bilaterally symmetrical cells in the cerebropleural ganglia. NOS activity also was found in the neuropil of the cerebral, pedal, and buccal ganglia; in the tentacles of the oral hood; in the sensory end of the rhinophores; and in the epithelial tissue of the mouth, preputium, and glans penis. Immunocytochemistry using NOS antisera corroborated the results of the NADPH-d histochemistry by staining the same two cells in the cerebropleural ganglia. Each of these identifiable nitrergic neurons projects into the ipsilateral pedal ganglion. Because the pedal ganglia play a critical role in the control of locomotion, our results provide morphological evidence suggesting that NO may influence swimming or crawling in Melibe leonina.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies ; Ganglia, Invertebrate/cytology ; Ganglia, Invertebrate/enzymology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mollusca/metabolism ; NADPH Dehydrogenase/analysis ; NADPH Dehydrogenase/immunology ; Nervous System/cytology ; Nervous System/enzymology ; Neurons/enzymology ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/analysis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) ; NADPH Dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-04-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 3086-7
    ISSN 1096-9861 ; 0021-9967 ; 0092-7317
    ISSN (online) 1096-9861
    ISSN 0021-9967 ; 0092-7317
    DOI 10.1002/cne.1270
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ub I Zs.66: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article: Thermosensitivity of the lobster, Homarus americanus, as determined by cardiac assay.

    Jury, S H / Watson, W H

    The Biological bulletin

    2000  Volume 199, Issue 3, Page(s) 257–264

    Abstract: It is generally accepted that crustaceans detect, and respond to, changes in water temperature, yet few studies have directly addressed their thermosensitivity. In this investigation a cardiac assay was used as an indicator that lobsters (Homarus ... ...

    Abstract It is generally accepted that crustaceans detect, and respond to, changes in water temperature, yet few studies have directly addressed their thermosensitivity. In this investigation a cardiac assay was used as an indicator that lobsters (Homarus americanus) sensed a change in temperature. The typical cardiac response of lobsters to a 1-min application of a thermal stimulus, either warmer (n = 19) or colder (n = 17) than the holding temperature of 15 degrees C, consisted of a short bradycardia (39.5 +/- 8.0 s) followed by a prolonged tachycardia (188.2 +/- 10.7 s). Lobsters exposed to a range of rates of temperature change (0.7, 1.4, 2.6, 5.0 degrees C/min) responded in a dose-dependent manner, with fewer lobsters responding at slower rates of temperature change. The location of temperature receptors could not be determined, but lesioning of the cardioregulatory nerves eliminated the cardiac response. Although the absolute detection threshold is not known, it is conservatively estimated that lobsters can detect temperature changes of greater than 1 degree C, and probably as small as 0.15 degrees C. A comparison of winter and summer lobsters, both held at 15 degrees C for more than 4 weeks, revealed that although their responses to temperature changes were similar, winter lobsters (n = 18) had a significantly lower baseline heart rate (34.8 +/- 4.4 bpm) and a shorter duration cardiac response (174 s) than summer lobsters (n = 18; 49.9 +/- 5.0 bpm, and 320 s respectively). This suggests that some temperature-independent seasonal modulation of cardiac activity may be occurring.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Heart/physiology ; Nephropidae/physiology ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Thermoreceptors/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1268-3
    ISSN 1939-8697 ; 0006-3185 ; 0148-9488
    ISSN (online) 1939-8697
    ISSN 0006-3185 ; 0148-9488
    DOI 10.2307/1543182
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  10. Article: Rating disabilities of older patients by nurses and social workers on geriatric health care teams: a research note with implications for further study.

    Watson, W H

    International journal of aging & human development

    1988  Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 155–159

    Abstract: This article reports the results of an analysis of interprofessional agreements between nurses and social workers when rating older patients on their physical self-maintenance abilities, mental statuses, and dispositions to social interaction with other ... ...

    Abstract This article reports the results of an analysis of interprofessional agreements between nurses and social workers when rating older patients on their physical self-maintenance abilities, mental statuses, and dispositions to social interaction with other residents of a home for the aged. The findings showed statistically significant intercorrelations of ratings of physical self-maintenance abilities and mental statuses, but no agreement on disposition to interaction. These findings are interpreted for their implications for research and practices of nurses and social-workers on geriatric health care teams.
    MeSH term(s) Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Disability Evaluation ; Geriatric Nursing ; Humans ; Patient Care Team ; Psychological Tests ; Social Adjustment ; Social Work
    Language English
    Publishing date 1988
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 187072-5
    ISSN 1541-3535 ; 0091-4150
    ISSN (online) 1541-3535
    ISSN 0091-4150
    DOI 10.2190/68KW-P9GN-UF5M-XNUL
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