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  1. Article ; Online: A Sensitive and Selective Immunoassay for the Quantitation of Serum Latent Myostatin after In Vivo Administration of SRK-015, a Selective Inhibitor of Myostatin Activation.

    Cote, Shaun M / Jackson, Justin / Pirruccello-Straub, Michelle / Carven, Gregory J / Wawersik, Stefan

    SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D

    2019  Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 95–103

    Abstract: Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, is a key regulator of skeletal muscle mass and a therapeutic target for muscle wasting diseases. We developed a human monoclonal antibody, SRK-015, that selectively binds to and ... ...

    Abstract Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, is a key regulator of skeletal muscle mass and a therapeutic target for muscle wasting diseases. We developed a human monoclonal antibody, SRK-015, that selectively binds to and inhibits proteolytic processing of myostatin precursors, thereby preventing growth factor release from the latent complex. As a consequence of antibody binding, latent myostatin accumulates in the circulation of animals treated with SRK-015 or closely related antibodies, suggesting that quantitation of latent myostatin in serum may serve as a biomarker for target engagement. To accurately measure SRK-015 target engagement, we developed a sensitive plate-based electrochemiluminescent immunoassay to quantitate latent myostatin in serum samples. The assay selectively recognizes latent myostatin without cross-reactivity to promyostatin, mature myostatin, or closely related members of the TGFβ superfamily. To enable use of the assay in samples from animals dosed with SRK-015, we incorporated a low-pH step that dissociates SRK-015 from latent myostatin, improving drug tolerance of the assay. The assay meets inter- and intra-assay accuracy and precision acceptance criteria, and it has a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 10 ng/mL. We then tested serum samples from a pharmacology study in cynomolgus monkeys treated with SRK-015. Serum latent myostatin increases after treatment with SRK-015, reaches a dose-dependent plateau approximately 20 days after dosing, and trends back toward baseline after cessation of antibody dosing. Taken together, these data suggest that this assay can be used to accurately measure levels of the primary circulating form of myostatin in population-based or pharmacodynamic studies.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunoassay/methods ; Immunoassay/standards ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Myostatin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Myostatin/blood
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Myostatin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2885123-7
    ISSN 2472-5560 ; 2472-5552
    ISSN (online) 2472-5560
    ISSN 2472-5552
    DOI 10.1177/2472555219860779
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Development and Optimization of Bifunctional Fusion Proteins to Locally Modulate Complement Activation in Diseased Tissue.

    Fahnoe, Kelly C / Liu, Fei / Morgan, Jennifer G / Ryan, Sarah T / Storek, Michael / Stark, Ellen Garber / Taylor, Fred R / Holers, V Michael / Thurman, Joshua M / Wawersik, Stefan / Kalled, Susan L / Violette, Shelia M

    Frontiers in immunology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 869725

    Abstract: Sustained complement activation is an underlying pathologic driver in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Currently approved anti-complement therapies are directed at the systemic blockade of complement. Consequently, these therapies provide ... ...

    Abstract Sustained complement activation is an underlying pathologic driver in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Currently approved anti-complement therapies are directed at the systemic blockade of complement. Consequently, these therapies provide widespread inhibition of complement pathway activity, beyond the site of ongoing activation and the intended pharmacodynamic (PD) effects. Given the essential role for complement in both innate and adaptive immunity, there is a need for therapies that inhibit complement in diseased tissue while limiting systemic blockade. One potential approach focuses on the development of novel fusion proteins that enable tissue-targeted delivery of complement negative regulatory proteins. These therapies are expected to provide increased potency and prolonged tissue PD, decreased dosing frequency, and the potential for improved safety profiles. We created a library of bifunctional fusion proteins that direct a fragment of the complement negative regulator, complement receptor type 1 (CR1) to sites of tissue injury. Tissue targeting is accomplished through the binding of the fusion protein to complement C3 fragments that contain a surface-exposed C3d domain and which are covalently deposited on tissues where complement is being activated. To that end, we generated a fusion protein that contains an anti-C3d monoclonal antibody recombinantly linked to the first 10 consensus repeats of CR1 (CR1
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Complement Activation ; Complement C3 ; Humans ; Receptors, Complement/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Complement C3 ; Receptors, Complement
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869725
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: C3d-Targeted factor H inhibits tissue complement in disease models and reduces glomerular injury without affecting circulating complement.

    Liu, Fei / Ryan, Sarah T / Fahnoe, Kelly C / Morgan, Jennifer G / Cheung, Anne E / Storek, Michael J / Best, Alejandro / Chen, Hui A / Locatelli, Monica / Xu, Shuyun / Schmidt, Enno / Schmidt-Jiménez, Leon F / Bieber, Katja / Henderson, Joel M / Lian, Christine G / Verschoor, Admar / Ludwig, Ralf J / Benigni, Ariela / Remuzzi, Giuseppe /
    Salant, David J / Kalled, Susan L / Thurman, Joshua M / Holers, V Michael / Violette, Shelia M / Wawersik, Stefan

    Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy

    2024  Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 1061–1079

    Abstract: Complement-mediated diseases can be treated using systemic inhibitors. However, complement components are abundant in circulation, affecting systemic inhibitors' exposure and efficacy. Furthermore, because of complement's essential role in immunity, ... ...

    Abstract Complement-mediated diseases can be treated using systemic inhibitors. However, complement components are abundant in circulation, affecting systemic inhibitors' exposure and efficacy. Furthermore, because of complement's essential role in immunity, systemic treatments raise infection risk in patients. To address these challenges, we developed antibody fusion proteins combining the alternative-pathway complement inhibitor factor H (fH
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mice ; Rats ; Animals ; Complement Factor H/genetics ; Complement C3d/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/etiology ; Antibodies ; Complement Activation
    Chemical Substances Complement Factor H (80295-65-4) ; Complement C3d (80295-45-0) ; Antibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2010592-7
    ISSN 1525-0024 ; 1525-0016
    ISSN (online) 1525-0024
    ISSN 1525-0016
    DOI 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: CXA-10, a Nitrated Fatty Acid, Is Renoprotective in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate-Salt Nephropathy.

    Arbeeny, Cynthia M / Ling, Hong / Smith, Mandy M / O'Brien, Stephen / Wawersik, Stefan / Ledbetter, Steven R / McAlexander, Allen / Schopfer, Francisco J / Willette, Robert N / Jorkasky, Diane K

    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics

    2019  Volume 369, Issue 3, Page(s) 503–510

    Abstract: Underlying pathogenic mechanisms in chronic kidney disease (CKD) include chronic inflammation, oxidant stress, and matrix remodeling associated with dysregulated nuclear factor- ...

    Abstract Underlying pathogenic mechanisms in chronic kidney disease (CKD) include chronic inflammation, oxidant stress, and matrix remodeling associated with dysregulated nuclear factor-
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cytoprotection/drug effects ; Desoxycorticosterone Acetate/pharmacokinetics ; Desoxycorticosterone Acetate/pharmacology ; Kidney/drug effects ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Diseases/chemically induced ; Kidney Diseases/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Nitro Compounds/pharmacokinetics ; Nitro Compounds/pharmacology ; Oleic Acids/pharmacokinetics ; Oleic Acids/pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Salts/adverse effects ; Tissue Distribution
    Chemical Substances Nitro Compounds ; Oleic Acids ; Salts ; CXA-10 (1N19AGY57Y) ; Desoxycorticosterone Acetate (6E0A168OB8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3106-9
    ISSN 1521-0103 ; 0022-3565
    ISSN (online) 1521-0103
    ISSN 0022-3565
    DOI 10.1124/jpet.118.254755
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Selective inhibition of TGFβ1 activation overcomes primary resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy by altering tumor immune landscape.

    Martin, Constance J / Datta, Abhishek / Littlefield, Christopher / Kalra, Ashish / Chapron, Christopher / Wawersik, Stefan / Dagbay, Kevin B / Brueckner, Christopher T / Nikiforov, Anastasia / Danehy, Francis T / Streich, Frederick C / Boston, Christopher / Simpson, Allison / Jackson, Justin W / Lin, Susan / Danek, Nicole / Faucette, Ryan R / Raman, Pichai / Capili, Allan D /
    Buckler, Alan / Carven, Gregory J / Schürpf, Thomas

    Science translational medicine

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 536

    Abstract: Despite breakthroughs achieved with cancer checkpoint blockade therapy (CBT), many patients do not respond to anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) due to primary or acquired resistance. Human tumor profiling and preclinical studies in tumor models have ... ...

    Abstract Despite breakthroughs achieved with cancer checkpoint blockade therapy (CBT), many patients do not respond to anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) due to primary or acquired resistance. Human tumor profiling and preclinical studies in tumor models have recently uncovered transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling activity as a potential point of intervention to overcome primary resistance to CBT. However, the development of therapies targeting TGFβ signaling has been hindered by dose-limiting cardiotoxicities, possibly due to nonselective inhibition of multiple TGFβ isoforms. Analysis of mRNA expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Cardiotoxicity ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
    Chemical Substances Transforming Growth Factor beta
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2518854-9
    ISSN 1946-6242 ; 1946-6234
    ISSN (online) 1946-6242
    ISSN 1946-6234
    DOI 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay8456
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Calcium mediates glomerular filtration through calcineurin and mTORC2/Akt signaling.

    Vassiliadis, John / Bracken, Christina / Matthews, Douglas / O'Brien, Stephen / Schiavi, Susan / Wawersik, Stefan

    Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN

    2011  Volume 22, Issue 8, Page(s) 1453–1461

    Abstract: Alterations to the structure of the glomerular filtration barrier lead to effacement of podocyte foot processes, leakage of albumin, and the development of proteinuria. To better understand the signaling pathways involved in the response of the ... ...

    Abstract Alterations to the structure of the glomerular filtration barrier lead to effacement of podocyte foot processes, leakage of albumin, and the development of proteinuria. To better understand the signaling pathways involved in the response of the glomerular filtration barrier to injury, we studied freshly isolated rat glomeruli, which allows for the monitoring and pharmacologic manipulation of early signaling events. Administration of protamine sulfate rapidly damaged the isolated glomeruli, resulting in foot process effacement and albumin leakage. Inhibition of calcium channels and chelation of extracellular calcium reduced protamine sulfate-induced damage, suggesting that calcium signaling plays a critical role in the initial stages of glomerular injury. Calcineurin inhibitors (FK506 and cyclosporine A) and the cathepsin L inhibitor E64 all inhibited protamine sulfate-mediated barrier changes, which suggests that calcium signaling acts, in part, through calcineurin- and cathepsin L-dependent cleavage of synaptopodin, a regulator of actin dynamics. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin also protected glomeruli, demonstrating that calcium signaling has additional calcineurin-independent components. Furthermore, activation of Akt through mTOR had a direct role on glomerular barrier integrity, and activation of calcium channels mediated this process, likely independent of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of calcium and related signaling pathways in the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier.
    MeSH term(s) Albumins/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcineurin/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Permeability ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Podocytes/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Albumins ; CRTC2 protein, rat ; Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Calcineurin (EC 3.1.3.16) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-07-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1085942-1
    ISSN 1533-3450 ; 1046-6673
    ISSN (online) 1533-3450
    ISSN 1046-6673
    DOI 10.1681/ASN.2010080878
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Conditional BMP inhibition in Xenopus reveals stage-specific roles for BMPs in neural and neural crest induction.

    Wawersik, Stefan / Evola, Christina / Whitman, Malcolm

    Developmental biology

    2005  Volume 277, Issue 2, Page(s) 425–442

    Abstract: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibition has been proposed as the primary determinant of neural cell fate in the developing Xenopus ectoderm. The evidence supporting this hypothesis comes from experiments in explanted "animal cap" ectoderm and in ... ...

    Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibition has been proposed as the primary determinant of neural cell fate in the developing Xenopus ectoderm. The evidence supporting this hypothesis comes from experiments in explanted "animal cap" ectoderm and in intact embryos using BMP antagonists that are unregulated and active well before gastrulation. While informative, these experiments cannot answer questions regarding the timing of signals and the behavior of cells in the more complex environment of the embryo. To examine the effects of BMP antagonism at defined times in intact embryos, we have generated a novel, two-component system for conditional BMP inhibition. We find that while blocking BMP signals induces ectopic neural tissue both in animal caps and in vivo, in intact embryos, it can only do so prior to late blastula stage (stage 9), well before the onset of gastrulation. Later inhibition does not induce neural identity, but does induce ectopic neural crest, suggesting that BMP antagonists play temporally distinct roles in establishing neural and neural crest identity. By combining BMP inhibition with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activation, the neural inductive response in whole embryos is greatly enhanced and is no longer limited to pre-gastrula ectoderm. Thus, BMP inhibition during gastrulation is insufficient for neural induction in intact embryos, arguing against a BMP gradient as the sole determinant of ectodermal cell fate in the frog.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Cell Differentiation/physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Primers ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/pharmacology ; Ectoderm/physiology ; Embryonic Induction/genetics ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Endopeptidases/pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; In Situ Hybridization ; Neural Crest/embryology ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Smad7 Protein ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/pharmacology ; Xenopus/embryology ; Xenopus/metabolism ; Xenopus Proteins
    Chemical Substances Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; DNA Primers ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Smad7 Protein ; Smad7 protein, Xenopus ; Trans-Activators ; Xenopus Proteins ; Fibroblast Growth Factors (62031-54-3) ; Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.-) ; TEV protease (EC 3.4.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-01-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1114-9
    ISSN 1095-564X ; 0012-1606
    ISSN (online) 1095-564X
    ISSN 0012-1606
    DOI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.10.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Glomerulopathy in the KK.Cg-A(y) /J mouse reflects the pathology of diabetic nephropathy.

    O'Brien, Stephen P / Smith, Mandy / Ling, Hong / Phillips, Lucy / Weber, William / Lydon, John / Maloney, Colleen / Ledbetter, Steven / Arbeeny, Cynthia / Wawersik, Stefan

    Journal of diabetes research

    2013  Volume 2013, Page(s) 498925

    Abstract: The KK.Cg-A (y) /J (KK-A (y) ) mouse strain is a previously described model of type 2 diabetes with renal impairment. In the present study, female KK-A (y) mice received an elevated fat content diet (24% of calories), and a cohort was uninephrectomized ( ... ...

    Abstract The KK.Cg-A (y) /J (KK-A (y) ) mouse strain is a previously described model of type 2 diabetes with renal impairment. In the present study, female KK-A (y) mice received an elevated fat content diet (24% of calories), and a cohort was uninephrectomized (Unx) to drive renal disease severity. Compared to KK-a/a controls, 26-week-old KK-A (y) mice had elevated HbA1c, insulin, leptin, triglycerides, and cholesterol, and Unx further elevated these markers of metabolic dysregulation. Unx KK-A (y) mice also exhibited elevated serum BUN and reduced glomerular filtration, indicating that reduction in renal mass leads to more severe impairment in renal function. Glomerular hypertrophy and hypercellularity, mesangial matrix expansion, podocyte effacement, and basement membrane thickening were present in both binephric and uninephrectomized cohorts. Glomerular size was increased in both groups, but podocyte density was reduced only in the Unx animals. Consistent with functional and histological evidence of increased injury, fibrotic (fibronectin 1, MMP9, and TGF β 1) and inflammatory (IL-6, CD68) genes were markedly upregulated in Unx KK-A (y) mice, while podocyte markers (nephrin and podocin) were significantly decreased. These data suggest podocyte injury developing into glomerulopathy in KK-A (y) mice. The addition of uninephrectomy enhances renal injury in this model, resulting in a disease which more closely resembles human diabetic nephropathy.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology ; Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology ; Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology ; Kidney Glomerulus/pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus/physiopathology ; Mice ; Podocytes/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-04-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711897-6
    ISSN 2314-6753 ; 2314-6745
    ISSN (online) 2314-6753
    ISSN 2314-6745
    DOI 10.1155/2013/498925
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Induction of TRPC6 channel in acquired forms of proteinuric kidney disease.

    Möller, Clemens C / Wei, Changli / Altintas, Mehmet M / Li, Jing / Greka, Anna / Ohse, Takamoto / Pippin, Jeffrey W / Rastaldi, Maria P / Wawersik, Stefan / Schiavi, Susan / Henger, Anna / Kretzler, Matthias / Shankland, Stuart J / Reiser, Jochen

    Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN

    2007  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 29–36

    Abstract: Injury to podocytes and their slit diaphragms typically leads to marked proteinuria. Mutations in the TRPC6 gene that codes for a slit diaphragm-associated, cation-permeable ion channel have been shown recently to co-segregate with hereditary forms of ... ...

    Abstract Injury to podocytes and their slit diaphragms typically leads to marked proteinuria. Mutations in the TRPC6 gene that codes for a slit diaphragm-associated, cation-permeable ion channel have been shown recently to co-segregate with hereditary forms of progressive kidney failure. Herein is shown that induced expression of wild-type TRPC6 is a common feature of human proteinuric kidney diseases, with highest induction observed in membranous nephropathy. Cultured podocytes that are exposed to complement upregulate TRPC6 protein. Stimulation of receptor-operated channels in puromycin aminonucleoside-treated podocytes leads to increased calcium influx in a time- and dosage-dependent manner. Mechanistically, it is shown that TRPC6 is functionally connected to the podocyte actin cytoskeleton, which is rearranged upon overexpression of TRPC6. Transient in vivo gene delivery of TRPC6 into mice leads to expression of TRPC6 protein at the slit diaphragm and causes proteinuria. These studies suggest the involvement of TRPC6 in the pathology of nongenetic forms of proteinuric disease.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/genetics ; Kidney Diseases/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Podocytes/metabolism ; Proteinuria/genetics ; Proteinuria/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; TRPC Cation Channels/biosynthesis ; TRPC Cation Channels/genetics ; TRPC6 Cation Channel ; Transfection
    Chemical Substances RNA, Messenger ; Recombinant Proteins ; TRPC Cation Channels ; TRPC6 Cation Channel ; TRPC6 protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1085942-1
    ISSN 1533-3450 ; 1046-6673
    ISSN (online) 1533-3450
    ISSN 1046-6673
    DOI 10.1681/ASN.2006091010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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