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Article ; Online: Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induces a Preeclamptic-like Phenotype in Placental Villi via Sphingosine Kinase 1 Activation.

Fakhr, Yuliya / Koshti, Saloni / Habibyan, Yasaman Bahojb / Webster, Kirsten / Hemmings, Denise G

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 7

Abstract: Preeclampsia (PE) involves inadequate placental function. This can occur due to elevated pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In other tissues, TNF-α signals via sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1). SphK1 hinders syncytial formation. Whether this ... ...

Abstract	Preeclampsia (PE) involves inadequate placental function. This can occur due to elevated pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In other tissues, TNF-α signals via sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1). SphK1 hinders syncytial formation. Whether this occurs downstream of TNF-α signaling is unclear. We hypothesized that placental SphK1 levels are higher in PE and elevated TNF-α decreases syncytial function, increases syncytial shedding, and increases cytokine/factor release via SphK1 activity. Term placental biopsies were analyzed for SphK1 using immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR. Term placental explants were treated after 4 days of culture, at the start of syncytial regeneration, with TNF-α and/or SphK1 inhibitors, PF-543. Syncytialization was assessed by measuring fusion and chorionic gonadotropin release. Cell death and shedding were measured by lactate dehydrogenase release and placental alkaline phosphatase-positive shed particles. Forty-two cytokines were measured using multiplex assays. Placental SphK1 was increased in PE. Increased cell death, shedding, interferon-α2, IFN-γ-induced protein 10, fibroblast growth factor 2, and platelet-derived growth factor-AA release induced by TNF-α were reversed upon SphK1 inhibition. TNF-α increased the release of 26 cytokines independently of SphK1. TNF-α decreased IL-10 release and inhibiting SphK1 reversed this effect. Inhibiting SphK1 alone decreased TNF-α release. Hence, SphK1 partially mediates the TNF-α-induced PE placental phenotype, primarily through cell damage, shedding, and specific cytokine release.
MeSH term(s)	Chorionic Villi/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/metabolism ; Placenta/metabolism ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Sphingosine/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) (EC 2.7.1.-) ; sphingosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Sphingosine (NGZ37HRE42)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms23073750
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A Sample of Female Adolescent Self-Identified Vegetarians in New Zealand Consume Less Protein and Saturated Fat, but More Fiber than Their Omnivorous Peers

Peddie, Meredith / Scott, Tessa / Ranasinghe, Chaya / Fleming, Elizabeth / Webster, Kirsten / Brown, Rachel / Houghton, Lisa / Haszard, Jillian

Nutrients. 2022 Feb. 08, v. 14, no. 3

2022

Abstract: This study aimed to describe the intake and food sources of macronutrients in vegetarian and non-vegetarian adolescent females. Cross-sectional data was collected between February and September 2019. Adolescent females, aged 15 to 18 years old, were ... ...

Abstract	This study aimed to describe the intake and food sources of macronutrients in vegetarian and non-vegetarian adolescent females. Cross-sectional data was collected between February and September 2019. Adolescent females, aged 15 to 18 years old, were recruited throughout New Zealand. Intakes were assessed via two 24-h diet recalls, adjusted to represent usual intake using the multiple source method. Of the 254 participants, 38 self-identified as vegetarian. Vegetarians had similar carbohydrate and fat intakes compared to non-vegetarians; however, their protein intakes were 2.1% kJ lower (95% confidence interval (CI) −3.0 to −1.1%). Vegetarians also consumed 1.1% kJ less saturated fat (95% CI –2.1 to −0.1%), 1.3% kJ (95% CI 0.7 to 1.9) more polyunsaturated fat, and 5 g/day (95% CI 1.8 to 8.0) more fiber than non-vegetarians. When consumed, bread-based dishes and discretionary foods were the highest sources of energy, fat, and carbohydrate in both vegetarians and non-vegetarians. This suggests that some adolescents, including vegetarians, were obtaining high amounts of fat and carbohydrate from food groups associated with poorer dietary quality. We recommend further research to assess how the changing food environment is influencing vegetarian eating patterns and their associations with health outcomes in the wider population.
Keywords	adolescents ; carbohydrates ; confidence interval ; energy ; females ; food quality ; omnivores ; saturated fats ; unsaturated fats ; vegetarian diet ; New Zealand
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0208
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14030711
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: How Does Being Overweight Moderate Associations between Diet and Blood Pressure in Male Adolescents?

Yap, Jia / Ng, Hwei Min / Peddie, Meredith C. / Fleming, Elizabeth A. / Webster, Kirsten / Scott, Tessa / Haszard, Jillian J.

Nutrients. 2021 June 15, v. 13, no. 6

2021

Abstract: Diet is one of the strongest modifiable risk factors for hypertension. In this study, we described the associations between dietary factors and blood pressure; and explored how weight status moderated these associations in a sample of New Zealand male ... ...

Abstract	Diet is one of the strongest modifiable risk factors for hypertension. In this study, we described the associations between dietary factors and blood pressure; and explored how weight status moderated these associations in a sample of New Zealand male adolescents. We collected demographics information, anthropometric, blood pressure, and dietary data from 108 male adolescents (15–17 years old). Mixed effects and logistic regression models were used to estimate relationships between dietary variables, blood pressure, and hypertension. Moderation effects of overweight status on the relationship between hypertension and diet were explored through forest plots. One-third (36%) of the sample was classified as hypertensive. Fruit intake was related to significantly lower systolic (−2.4 mmHg, p = 0.005) and diastolic blood pressure (−3.9 mmHg, p = 0.001). Vegetable and milk intake was related to significantly lower diastolic blood pressure (−1.4 mmHg, p = 0.047) and (−2.2 mmHg, p = 0.003), respectively. In overweight participants, greater vegetable and milk, and lower meat intake appeared to reduce the odds of hypertension. Certain dietary factors may have more prominent effects on blood pressure depending on weight status.
Keywords	demographic statistics ; diastolic blood pressure ; forests ; fruit consumption ; hypertension ; males ; meat consumption ; milk ; milk consumption ; overweight ; regression analysis ; vegetables ; New Zealand
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0615
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu13062054
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Article ; Online: A Sample of Female Adolescent Self-Identified Vegetarians in New Zealand Consume Less Protein and Saturated Fat, but More Fiber than Their Omnivorous Peers.

Peddie, Meredith / Scott, Tessa / Ranasinghe, Chaya / Fleming, Elizabeth / Webster, Kirsten / Brown, Rachel / Houghton, Lisa / Haszard, Jillian

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract	This study aimed to describe the intake and food sources of macronutrients in vegetarian and non-vegetarian adolescent females. Cross-sectional data was collected between February and September 2019. Adolescent females, aged 15 to 18 years old, were recruited throughout New Zealand. Intakes were assessed via two 24-h diet recalls, adjusted to represent usual intake using the multiple source method. Of the 254 participants, 38 self-identified as vegetarian. Vegetarians had similar carbohydrate and fat intakes compared to non-vegetarians; however, their protein intakes were 2.1% kJ lower (95% confidence interval (CI) -3.0 to -1.1%). Vegetarians also consumed 1.1% kJ less saturated fat (95% CI -2.1 to -0.1%), 1.3% kJ (95% CI 0.7 to 1.9) more polyunsaturated fat, and 5 g/day (95% CI 1.8 to 8.0) more fiber than non-vegetarians. When consumed, bread-based dishes and discretionary foods were the highest sources of energy, fat, and carbohydrate in both vegetarians and non-vegetarians. This suggests that some adolescents, including vegetarians, were obtaining high amounts of fat and carbohydrate from food groups associated with poorer dietary quality. We recommend further research to assess how the changing food environment is influencing vegetarian eating patterns and their associations with health outcomes in the wider population.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet, Vegetarian ; Dietary Fiber ; Female ; Humans ; New Zealand ; Vegetarians
Chemical Substances	Dietary Fiber
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14030711
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: How Does Being Overweight Moderate Associations between Diet and Blood Pressure in Male Adolescents?

Yap, Jia / Ng, Hwei Min / Peddie, Meredith C / Fleming, Elizabeth A / Webster, Kirsten / Scott, Tessa / Haszard, Jillian J

Nutrients

2021 Volume 13, Issue 6

Abstract	Diet is one of the strongest modifiable risk factors for hypertension. In this study, we described the associations between dietary factors and blood pressure; and explored how weight status moderated these associations in a sample of New Zealand male adolescents. We collected demographics information, anthropometric, blood pressure, and dietary data from 108 male adolescents (15-17 years old). Mixed effects and logistic regression models were used to estimate relationships between dietary variables, blood pressure, and hypertension. Moderation effects of overweight status on the relationship between hypertension and diet were explored through forest plots. One-third (36%) of the sample was classified as hypertensive. Fruit intake was related to significantly lower systolic (-2.4 mmHg,
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Fruit ; Humans ; Hypertension/etiology ; Male ; Milk ; New Zealand ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity/complications ; Overweight/complications ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vegetables
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu13062054
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Does ‘activating’ nuts affect nutrient bioavailability?

Kumari, Shivani / Gray, Andrew R / Webster, Kirsten / Bailey, Karl / Reid, Malcolm / Kelvin, Kylie Anne Han / Tey, Siew Ling / Chisholm, Alexandra / Brown, Rachel C

Food chemistry. 2020 July 30, v. 319

2020

Abstract: Claims in the lay literature suggest soaking nuts enhances mineral bioavailability. Research on legumes and grains indicate soaking reduces phytate levels, however, there is no evidence to support or refute these claims for nuts. We assessed the effects ... ...

Abstract	Claims in the lay literature suggest soaking nuts enhances mineral bioavailability. Research on legumes and grains indicate soaking reduces phytate levels, however, there is no evidence to support or refute these claims for nuts. We assessed the effects of different soaking regimes on phytate and mineral concentrations of whole and chopped almonds, hazelnuts, peanuts, and walnuts. The treatments were: 1. Raw; 2. soaked for 12 h in salt solution; 3. soaked for 4 h in salt solution; 4. soaked for 12 h in water. Phytate concentrations were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and minerals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Differences in phytate concentrations between treated and untreated nuts were small, ranging from −12% to +10%. Overall, soaking resulted in lower mineral concentrations, especially for chopped nuts, and did not improve phytate:mineral molar ratios. This research does not support claims that ‘activating’ nuts results in greater nutrient bioavailability.
Keywords	almonds ; atomic absorption spectrometry ; bioavailability ; grains ; hazelnuts ; high performance liquid chromatography ; mineral content ; minerals ; peanuts ; phytic acid ; soaking ; walnuts
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0730
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126529
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Does 'activating' nuts affect nutrient bioavailability?

Kumari, Shivani / Gray, Andrew R / Webster, Kirsten / Bailey, Karl / Reid, Malcolm / Kelvin, Kylie Anne Han / Tey, Siew Ling / Chisholm, Alexandra / Brown, Rachel C

Food chemistry

2020 Volume 319, Page(s) 126529

Abstract	Claims in the lay literature suggest soaking nuts enhances mineral bioavailability. Research on legumes and grains indicate soaking reduces phytate levels, however, there is no evidence to support or refute these claims for nuts. We assessed the effects of different soaking regimes on phytate and mineral concentrations of whole and chopped almonds, hazelnuts, peanuts, and walnuts. The treatments were: 1. Raw; 2. soaked for 12 h in salt solution; 3. soaked for 4 h in salt solution; 4. soaked for 12 h in water. Phytate concentrations were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and minerals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Differences in phytate concentrations between treated and untreated nuts were small, ranging from -12% to +10%. Overall, soaking resulted in lower mineral concentrations, especially for chopped nuts, and did not improve phytate:mineral molar ratios. This research does not support claims that 'activating' nuts results in greater nutrient bioavailability.
MeSH term(s)	Arachis/chemistry ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Nutrients/chemistry ; Nutritive Value ; Nuts/chemistry ; Phytic Acid/chemistry ; Rosanae/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Phytic Acid (7IGF0S7R8I)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126529
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The effects of 'activating' almonds on consumer acceptance and gastrointestinal tolerance.

Taylor, Heidi / Webster, Kirsten / Gray, Andrew R / Tey, Siew Ling / Chisholm, Alex / Bailey, Karl / Kumari, Shivani / Brown, Rachel C

European journal of nutrition

2017 Volume 57, Issue 8, Page(s) 2771–2783

Abstract: Purpose: Recommendations to soak nuts prior to consumption to reduce phytate concentrations and improve gastrointestinal tolerance have received much attention in the popular press. This is despite no supporting scientific evidence for the practice. ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Recommendations to soak nuts prior to consumption to reduce phytate concentrations and improve gastrointestinal tolerance have received much attention in the popular press. This is despite no supporting scientific evidence for the practice. There is also a lack of information about how soaking nuts might affect consumer acceptability. This study primarily assessed the effects of soaking almonds on consumer acceptance and secondly assessed effects on gastrointestinal tolerance. Methods: In this 8-week randomised crossover trial, 76 participants were allocated in balanced order to receive 30 g/day of four different preparations of almonds for 12 days: whole unsoaked, whole soaked, sliced unsoaked, and sliced soaked. Ratings of overall liking, desire to consume, and likelihood of future consumption, and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms were measured daily on visual analogue scales. The phytate concentrations were measured in all four nut types using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Mean acceptance ratings of all nut types were above the neutral point indicating they were acceptable. However, sliced soaked almonds were rated significantly lower overall for all three acceptance scales compared to the other treatments (all P ≤ 0.003). The sliced unsoaked almonds were rated lower than both whole nut treatments (all P ≤ 0.006), while there were no significant differences between the two whole nut treatments (all P ≥ 0.511). Gastrointestinal symptoms were minimal, but flatulence was rated significantly higher for all time points combined for soaked whole nuts compared to unsoaked whole nuts (P = 0.005). Compared to the whole unsoaked nuts (mean [SD] 531 [9] mg/100 g), phytate concentration was higher for the whole soaked almonds (563 [38] mg/100 g, P = 0.016), with no evidence of a difference for the sliced soaked almonds (548 [27] mg/100 g, P = 0.197) and no difference between the soaked forms (P = 0.262). Conclusions: This research supports previous results suggesting nuts, including different forms, are an acceptable food. They are also well tolerated gastrointestinally, but soaking does not improve gastrointestinal tolerance or acceptance as claimed in the lay literature.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Consumer Behavior ; Cross-Over Studies ; Diet ; Female ; Flatulence ; Follow-Up Studies ; Food Handling ; Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Nuts/chemistry ; Phytic Acid/analysis ; Prunus dulcis/chemistry ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Phytic Acid (7IGF0S7R8I)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-27
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1466536-0
ISSN	1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
ISSN (online)	1436-6215
ISSN	1436-6207
DOI	10.1007/s00394-017-1543-7
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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