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  1. Article ; Online: Biobased de novo synthesis, upcycling, and recycling - the heartbeat toward a green and sustainable polyethylene terephthalate industry.

    Weiland, Fabia / Kohlstedt, Michael / Wittmann, Christoph

    Current opinion in biotechnology

    2024  Volume 86, Page(s) 103079

    Abstract: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has revolutionized the industrial sector because of its versatility, with its predominant uses in the textiles and packaging materials industries. Despite the various advantages of this polymer, its synthesis is, ... ...

    Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has revolutionized the industrial sector because of its versatility, with its predominant uses in the textiles and packaging materials industries. Despite the various advantages of this polymer, its synthesis is, unfavorably, tightly intertwined with nonrenewable fossil resources. Additionally, given its widespread use, accumulating PET waste poses a significant environmental challenge. As a result, current research in the areas of biological recycling, upcycling, and de novo synthesis is intensifying. Biological recycling involves the use of micro-organisms or enzymes to breakdown PET into monomers, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional recycling. Upcycling transforms PET waste into value-added products, expanding its potential application range and promoting a circular economy. Moreover, studies of cascading biological and chemical processes driven by microbial cell factories have explored generating PET using renewable, biobased feedstocks such as lignin. These avenues of research promise to mitigate the environmental footprint of PET, underlining the importance of sustainable innovations in the industry.
    MeSH term(s) Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Heart Rate ; Industry ; Lignin ; Polymers ; Recycling ; Plastics
    Chemical Substances Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Lignin (9005-53-2) ; Polymers ; Plastics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1052045-4
    ISSN 1879-0429 ; 0958-1669
    ISSN (online) 1879-0429
    ISSN 0958-1669
    DOI 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103079
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  2. Article: Guiding stars to the field of dreams: Metabolically engineered pathways and microbial platforms for a sustainable lignin-based industry

    Weiland, Fabia / Kohlstedt, Michael / Wittmann, Christoph

    Metabolic engineering. 2021 Nov. 29,

    2021  

    Abstract: Lignin is an important structural component of terrestrial plants and is readily generated during biomass fractionation in lignocellulose processing facilities. Due to lacking alternatives the majority of technical lignins is industrially simply burned ... ...

    Abstract Lignin is an important structural component of terrestrial plants and is readily generated during biomass fractionation in lignocellulose processing facilities. Due to lacking alternatives the majority of technical lignins is industrially simply burned into heat and energy. However, considering its vast abundance and a chemically interesting richness in aromatics, lignin is presently regarded both as the most under-utilized and promising feedstock for value-added applications. Notably, microbes have evolved powerful enzymes and pathways that break down lignin and metabolize its various aromatic components. This natural pathway atlas meanwhile serves as a guiding star for metabolic engineers to breed designed cell factories and efficiently upgrade this global waste stream. The metabolism of aromatic compounds, in combination with success stories from systems metabolic engineering, as reviewed here, promises a sustainable product portfolio from lignin, comprising bulk and specialty chemicals, biomaterials, and fuels.
    Keywords aromatic compounds ; biocompatible materials ; biomass ; energy ; feedstocks ; fractionation ; heat ; industry ; lignin ; lignocellulose ; metabolic engineering ; metabolism ; value added
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1129
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 1470383-x
    ISSN 1096-7184 ; 1096-7176
    ISSN (online) 1096-7184
    ISSN 1096-7176
    DOI 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.11.011
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  3. Article ; Online: Systems metabolic engineering upgrades Corynebacterium glutamicum to high-efficiency cis, cis-muconic acid production from lignin-based aromatics.

    Weiland, Fabia / Barton, Nadja / Kohlstedt, Michael / Becker, Judith / Wittmann, Christoph

    Metabolic engineering

    2022  Volume 75, Page(s) 153–169

    Abstract: Lignin displays a highly challenging renewable. To date, massive amounts of lignin, generated in lignocellulosic processing facilities, are for the most part merely burned due to lacking value-added alternatives. Aromatic lignin monomers of recognized ... ...

    Abstract Lignin displays a highly challenging renewable. To date, massive amounts of lignin, generated in lignocellulosic processing facilities, are for the most part merely burned due to lacking value-added alternatives. Aromatic lignin monomers of recognized relevance are in particular vanillin, and to a lesser extent vanillate, because they are accessible at high yield from softwood-lignin using industrially operated alkaline oxidative depolymerization. Here, we metabolically engineered C. glutamicum towards cis, cis-muconate (MA) production from these key aromatics. Starting from the previously created catechol-based producer C. glutamicum MA-2, systems metabolic engineering first discovered an unspecific aromatic aldehyde reductase that formed aromatic alcohols from vanillin, protocatechualdehyde, and p- hydroxybenzaldehyde, and was responsible for the conversion up to 57% of vanillin into vanillyl alcohol. The alcohol was not re-consumed by the microbe later, posing a strong drawback on the producer. The identification and subsequent elimination of the encoding fudC gene completely abolished vanillyl alcohol formation. Second, the initially weak flux through the native vanillin and vanillate metabolism was enhanced up to 2.9-fold by implementing synthetic pathway modules. Third, the most efficient protocatechuate decarboxylase AroY for conversion of the midstream pathway intermediate protocatechuate into catechol was identified out of several variants in native and codon optimized form and expressed together with the respective helper proteins. Fourth, the streamlined modules were all genomically combined which yielded the final strain MA-9. MA-9 produced bio-based MA from vanillin, vanillate, and seven structurally related aromatics at maximum selectivity. In addition, MA production from softwood-based vanillin, obtained through alkaline depolymerization, was demonstrated.
    MeSH term(s) Lignin/metabolism ; Metabolic Engineering ; Corynebacterium glutamicum/genetics ; Corynebacterium glutamicum/metabolism ; Catechols/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Lignin (9005-53-2) ; vanillin (CHI530446X) ; vanillyl alcohol (X7EA1JUA6M) ; muconic acid (3KD92ZL2KH) ; Catechols ; catechol (LF3AJ089DQ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-20
    Publishing country Belgium
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1470383-x
    ISSN 1096-7184 ; 1096-7176
    ISSN (online) 1096-7184
    ISSN 1096-7176
    DOI 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.12.005
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  4. Article ; Online: Systems metabolic engineering upgrades Corynebacterium glutamicum for selective high-level production of the chiral drug precursor and cell-protective extremolyte L-pipecolic acid.

    Pauli, Sarah / Kohlstedt, Michael / Lamber, Jessica / Weiland, Fabia / Becker, Judith / Wittmann, Christoph

    Metabolic engineering

    2023  Volume 77, Page(s) 100–117

    Abstract: The nonproteinogenic cyclic metabolite l-pipecolic acid is a chiral precursor for the synthesis of various commercial drugs and functions as a cell-protective extremolyte and mediator of defense in plants, enabling high-value applications in the ... ...

    Abstract The nonproteinogenic cyclic metabolite l-pipecolic acid is a chiral precursor for the synthesis of various commercial drugs and functions as a cell-protective extremolyte and mediator of defense in plants, enabling high-value applications in the pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic, and agrochemical markets. To date, the production of the compound is unfavorably fossil-based. Here, we upgraded the strain Corynebacterium glutamicum for l-pipecolic acid production using systems metabolic engineering. Heterologous expression of the l-lysine 6-dehydrogenase pathway, apparently the best route to be used in the microbe, yielded a family of strains that enabled successful de novo synthesis from glucose but approached a limit of performance at a yield of 180 mmol mol
    MeSH term(s) Metabolic Engineering ; Corynebacterium glutamicum/metabolism ; Prodrugs/metabolism ; Lysine/genetics ; Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Glucose/genetics ; Glucose/metabolism ; Fermentation
    Chemical Substances pipecolic acid (H254GW7PVV) ; Prodrugs ; Lysine (K3Z4F929H6) ; Oxidoreductases (EC 1.-) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-15
    Publishing country Belgium
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1470383-x
    ISSN 1096-7184 ; 1096-7176
    ISSN (online) 1096-7184
    ISSN 1096-7176
    DOI 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.03.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Guiding stars to the field of dreams: Metabolically engineered pathways and microbial platforms for a sustainable lignin-based industry.

    Weiland, Fabia / Kohlstedt, Michael / Wittmann, Christoph

    Metabolic engineering

    2021  Volume 71, Page(s) 13–41

    Abstract: Lignin is an important structural component of terrestrial plants and is readily generated during biomass fractionation in lignocellulose processing facilities. Due to lacking alternatives the majority of technical lignins is industrially simply burned ... ...

    Abstract Lignin is an important structural component of terrestrial plants and is readily generated during biomass fractionation in lignocellulose processing facilities. Due to lacking alternatives the majority of technical lignins is industrially simply burned into heat and energy. However, considering its vast abundance and a chemically interesting richness in aromatics, lignin is presently regarded both as the most under-utilized and promising feedstock for value-added applications. Notably, microbes have evolved powerful enzymes and pathways that break down lignin and metabolize its various aromatic components. This natural pathway atlas meanwhile serves as a guiding star for metabolic engineers to breed designed cell factories and efficiently upgrade this global waste stream. The metabolism of aromatic compounds, in combination with success stories from systems metabolic engineering, as reviewed here, promises a sustainable product portfolio from lignin, comprising bulk and specialty chemicals, biomaterials, and fuels.
    MeSH term(s) Biomass ; Lignin/metabolism ; Metabolic Engineering
    Chemical Substances Lignin (9005-53-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-02
    Publishing country Belgium
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1470383-x
    ISSN 1096-7184 ; 1096-7176
    ISSN (online) 1096-7184
    ISSN 1096-7176
    DOI 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.11.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 6288: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article: Biobased PET from lignin using an engineered cis, cis-muconate-producing Pseudomonas putida strain with superior robustness, energy and redox properties

    Kohlstedt, Michael / Weimer, Anna / Weiland, Fabia / Stolzenberger, Jessica / Selzer, Mirjam / Sanz, Miguel / Kramps, Laurenz / Wittmann, Christoph

    Metabolic engineering. 2022 July, v. 72

    2022  

    Abstract: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the most common synthetic polyester today, is largely produced from fossil resources, contributing to global warming. Consequently, sustainable sources must be developed to meet the increasing demand for this useful ... ...

    Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the most common synthetic polyester today, is largely produced from fossil resources, contributing to global warming. Consequently, sustainable sources must be developed to meet the increasing demand for this useful polymer. Here, we demonstrate a cascaded value chain that provides green PET from lignin, the world's most underutilized renewable, via fermentative production of cis, cis-muconate (MA) from lignin-based aromatics as a central step. Catechol, industrially the most relevant but apparently also a highly toxic lignin-related aromatic, strongly inhibited MA-producing Pseudomonas putida MA-1. Assessed by ¹³C metabolic flux analysis, the microbe substantially redirected its carbon core fluxes, resulting in enhanced NADPH supply for stress defense but causing additional ATP costs. The reconstruction of MA production in a genome-reduced P. putida chassis yielded novel producers with superior pathway fluxes and enhanced robustness to catechol and a wide range of other aromatics. Using the advanced producer P. putida MA-10 catechol, MA could be produced in a fed-batch process from catechol (plus glucose as additional growth substrate) up to an attractive titer of 74 g L⁻¹ and a space-time-yield of 1.4 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹. In terms of co-consumed sugar, the further streamlined strain MA-11 achieved the highest yield of 1.4 mol MA (mol glucose)⁻¹, providing a striking economic advantage. Following fermentative production, bio-based MA was purified and used to chemically synthetize the PET monomer terephthalic acid and the comonomer diethylene glycol terephthalic acid through five steps, which finally enabled the first green PET from lignin.
    Keywords Pseudomonas putida ; carbon ; catechol ; diethylene glycol ; energy ; glucose ; lignin ; metabolic flux analysis ; polyethylene terephthalates ; supply chain ; toxicity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-07
    Size p. 337-352.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1470383-x
    ISSN 1096-7184 ; 1096-7176
    ISSN (online) 1096-7184
    ISSN 1096-7176
    DOI 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.05.001
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  7. Article ; Online: Biobased PET from lignin using an engineered cis, cis-muconate-producing Pseudomonas putida strain with superior robustness, energy and redox properties.

    Kohlstedt, Michael / Weimer, Anna / Weiland, Fabia / Stolzenberger, Jessica / Selzer, Mirjam / Sanz, Miguel / Kramps, Laurenz / Wittmann, Christoph

    Metabolic engineering

    2022  Volume 72, Page(s) 337–352

    Abstract: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the most common synthetic polyester today, is largely produced from fossil resources, contributing to global warming. Consequently, sustainable sources must be developed to meet the increasing demand for this useful ... ...

    Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the most common synthetic polyester today, is largely produced from fossil resources, contributing to global warming. Consequently, sustainable sources must be developed to meet the increasing demand for this useful polymer. Here, we demonstrate a cascaded value chain that provides green PET from lignin, the world's most underutilized renewable, via fermentative production of cis, cis-muconate (MA) from lignin-based aromatics as a central step. Catechol, industrially the most relevant but apparently also a highly toxic lignin-related aromatic, strongly inhibited MA-producing Pseudomonas putida MA-1. Assessed by
    MeSH term(s) Catechols/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Lignin/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Polyethylene Terephthalates/metabolism ; Pseudomonas putida/genetics ; Pseudomonas putida/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Catechols ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Lignin (9005-53-2) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-08
    Publishing country Belgium
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1470383-x
    ISSN 1096-7184 ; 1096-7176
    ISSN (online) 1096-7184
    ISSN 1096-7176
    DOI 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.05.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 6288: Show issues Location:
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