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  1. Article ; Online: Monitoring redox stress in human airway epithelial cells exposed to woodsmoke at an air-liquid interface.

    Abzhanova, Aiman / Berntsen, Jon / Pennington, Edward R / Dailey, Lisa / Masood, Syed / George, Ingrid / Warren, Nina / Martin, Joseph / Hays, Michael D / Ghio, Andrew J / Weinstein, Jason P / Kim, Yong Ho / Puckett, Earl / Samet, James M

    Particle and fibre toxicology

    2024  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 14

    Abstract: Wildland fires contribute significantly to the ambient air pollution burden worldwide, causing a range of adverse health effects in exposed populations. The toxicity of woodsmoke, a complex mixture of gases, volatile organic compounds, and particulate ... ...

    Abstract Wildland fires contribute significantly to the ambient air pollution burden worldwide, causing a range of adverse health effects in exposed populations. The toxicity of woodsmoke, a complex mixture of gases, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter, is commonly studied in vitro using isolated exposures of conventionally cultured lung cells to either resuspended particulate matter or organic solvent extracts of smoke, leading to incomplete toxicity evaluations. This study aimed to improve our understanding of the effects of woodsmoke inhalation by building an advanced in vitro exposure system that emulates human exposure of the airway epithelium. We report the development and characterization of an innovative system that permits live-cell monitoring of the intracellular redox status of differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells cultured at an air-liquid interface (pHBEC-ALI) as they are exposed to unfractionated woodsmoke generated in a tube furnace in real time. pHBEC-ALI exposed to freshly generated woodsmoke showed oxidative changes that were dose-dependent and reversible, and not attributable to carbon monoxide exposure. These findings show the utility of this novel system for studying the molecular initiating events underlying woodsmoke-induced toxicity in a physiologically relevant in vitro model, and its potential to provide biological plausibility for risk assessment and public health measures.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Particulate Matter/toxicity ; Smoke/adverse effects ; Air Pollution ; Lung ; Epithelial Cells
    Chemical Substances Particulate Matter ; Smoke
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2170936-1
    ISSN 1743-8977 ; 1743-8977
    ISSN (online) 1743-8977
    ISSN 1743-8977
    DOI 10.1186/s12989-024-00575-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Characterization of M4 carbine rifle emissions with three ammunition types

    Aurell, Johanna / Holder, Amara L / Gullett, Brian K / McNesby, Kevin / Weinstein, Jason P

    Environmental pollution. 2019 Nov., v. 254

    2019  

    Abstract: Muzzle emissions from firing an M4 carbine rifle in a semi-enclosed chamber were characterized for an array of compounds to provide quantitative data for future studies on potential inhalation exposure and rangeland contamination. Air emissions were ... ...

    Abstract Muzzle emissions from firing an M4 carbine rifle in a semi-enclosed chamber were characterized for an array of compounds to provide quantitative data for future studies on potential inhalation exposure and rangeland contamination. Air emissions were characterized for particulate matter (PM) size distribution, composition, and morphology; carbon monoxide (CO); carbon dioxide (CO2); energetics; metals; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; and methane. Three types of ammunition were used: a “Legacy” (Vietnam-era) round, the common M855 round (no longer fielded), and its variant, an M855 round with added potassium (K)-based salts to reduce muzzle flash. Average CO concentrations up to 1500 ppm significantly exceeded CO2 concentrations. Emitted particles were in the respirable size range with mass median diameters between 0.33 and 0.58 μm. PM emissions were highest from the M855 salt-added ammunition, likely due to incomplete secondary combustion in the muzzle blast caused by scavenging of combustion radicals by the K salt. Copper (Cu) had the highest emitted metal concentration for all three round formulations, likely originating from the Cu jacket on the bullet. Based on a mass balance analysis of each round's formulation, lead (Pb) was completely emitted for all three round types. This work demonstrated methods for characterizing emissions from gun firing which can distinguish between round-specific effects and can be used to initiate studies of inhalation risk and environmental deposition.
    Keywords air ; carbon dioxide ; carbon monoxide ; combustion ; copper ; free radicals ; inhalation exposure ; lead ; methane ; particulate emissions ; particulates ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; potassium ; rangelands ; salts
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-11
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112982
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  3. Article ; Online: Characterization of M4 carbine rifle emissions with three ammunition types.

    Aurell, Johanna / Holder, Amara L / Gullett, Brian K / McNesby, Kevin / Weinstein, Jason P

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

    2019  Volume 254, Issue Pt A, Page(s) 112982

    Abstract: Muzzle emissions from firing an M4 carbine rifle in a semi-enclosed chamber were characterized for an array of compounds to provide quantitative data for future studies on potential inhalation exposure and rangeland contamination. Air emissions were ... ...

    Abstract Muzzle emissions from firing an M4 carbine rifle in a semi-enclosed chamber were characterized for an array of compounds to provide quantitative data for future studies on potential inhalation exposure and rangeland contamination. Air emissions were characterized for particulate matter (PM) size distribution, composition, and morphology; carbon monoxide (CO); carbon dioxide (CO
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollutants/analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Carbon Monoxide/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Firearms/statistics & numerical data ; Inhalation Exposure/analysis ; Lead/analysis ; Methane/analysis ; Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives ; Niacinamide/analysis ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis ; Vietnam
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Niacinamide (25X51I8RD4) ; Lead (2P299V784P) ; Carbon Monoxide (7U1EE4V452) ; flonicamid (9500W2Z53J) ; Methane (OP0UW79H66)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112982
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2599: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article ; Online: Characterization and aerosol mass balance of PM2.5 and PM10 collected in Conakry, Guinea during the 2004 Harmattan period.

    Weinstein, Jason P / Hedges, Scott R / Kimbrough, Sue

    Chemosphere

    2010  Volume 78, Issue 8, Page(s) 980–988

    Abstract: Background PM(2.5) and PM(10) levels were determined during Harmattan (West African wind blown dust) at a background site in Conakry, Guinea. The study was conducted from January to February, 2004 when Harmattan dust appeared to be most pronounced. PM(2 ... ...

    Abstract Background PM(2.5) and PM(10) levels were determined during Harmattan (West African wind blown dust) at a background site in Conakry, Guinea. The study was conducted from January to February, 2004 when Harmattan dust appeared to be most pronounced. PM(2.5) concentrations at the Nongo American housing compound ranged from 38mugm(-3) to 177mugm(-3), and PM(10) ranged from 80mugm(-3) to 358mugm(-3), exceeding standards set by EPA and European Commission Environment Directorate-General. PTFE filter samples were analyzed for insoluble and soluble inorganic constituents by XRF and IC, respectively. Sulfur and associated SO(4)(2-) concentrations were notably consistent among PM(2.5) and PM(10) samples which marked a relatively stable S background signal from anthropogenic sources. Enrichment factor (EF) analysis and aerosol mass reconstruction (AMR) techniques were used to isolate potential PM source contributors. The EF's for SiO(2), TiO(2), Al(2)O(3), Fe(2)O(3), and MnO were near unity which suggests a crustal origin for these elements. EF's for Na(2)O and K(2)O were above unity and highly variable, these elements were elevated due to widespread mangrove wood combustion as a fuel source in Conakry. The EF's for Cr were notably high with a median of 7 and interquartile range from 5 to 16, the elevated levels were attributed to unregulated point source and mobile source emitters in and around Conakry.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols/chemistry ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Dust ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Fires ; Guinea ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Rhizophoraceae ; Wind
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; Air Pollutants ; Dust ; Particulate Matter
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 120089-6
    ISSN 1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    ISSN (online) 1879-1298
    ISSN 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2540: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article: Emissions of metals associated with motor vehicle roadways.

    Lough, Glynis C / Schauer, James J / Park, June-Soo / Shafer, Martin M / Deminter, Jeffrey T / Weinstein, Jason P

    Environmental science & technology

    2005  Volume 39, Issue 3, Page(s) 826–836

    Abstract: Emissions of metals and other particle-phase species from on-road motor vehicles were measured in two tunnels in Milwaukee, WI during the summer of 2000 and winter of 2001. Emission factors were calculated from measurements of fine (PM2.5) and coarse ( ... ...

    Abstract Emissions of metals and other particle-phase species from on-road motor vehicles were measured in two tunnels in Milwaukee, WI during the summer of 2000 and winter of 2001. Emission factors were calculated from measurements of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) particulate matter at tunnel entrances and exits, and effects of fleet composition and season were investigated. Cascade impactors (MOUDI) were used to obtain size-resolved metal emission rates. Metals were quantified with inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). PM10 emission rates ranged from 38.7 to 201 mg km(-1) and were composed mainly of organic carbon (OC, 30%), inorganic ions (sulfate, chloride, nitrate, ammonium, 20%), metals (19%), and elemental carbon (EC, 9.3%). PM10 metal emissions were dominated by crustal elements Si, Fe, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, and K, and elements associated with tailpipe emissions and brake and tire wear, including Cu, Zn, Sb, Ba, Pb, and S. Metals emitted in PM2.5 were lower (11.6% of mass). Resuspension of roadway dust was dependent on weather and road surface conditions, and increased emissions were related to higher traffic volumes and fractions of heavy trucks. Emission of noble metals from catalytic converters appeared to be impacted by the presence of older vehicles. Elements related to brake wear were impacted by enriched road dust resuspension, but correlations between these elements in PM2.5 indicate that direct brake wear emissions are also important. A submicrometer particle mode was observed in the emissions of Pb, Ca, Fe, and Cu.
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollutants/analysis ; Dust ; Environmental Monitoring ; Metals, Heavy/analysis ; Particle Size ; Seasons ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Dust ; Metals, Heavy ; Vehicle Emissions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 0013-936X
    ISSN 0013-936X
    DOI 10.1021/es048715f
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  6. Article ; Online: Inhaled diesel emissions generated with cerium oxide nanoparticle fuel additive induce adverse pulmonary and systemic effects.

    Snow, Samantha J / McGee, John / Miller, Desinia B / Bass, Virginia / Schladweiler, Mette C / Thomas, Ronald F / Krantz, Todd / King, Charly / Ledbetter, Allen D / Richards, Judy / Weinstein, Jason P / Conner, Teri / Willis, Robert / Linak, William P / Nash, David / Wood, Charles E / Elmore, Susan A / Morrison, James P / Johnson, Crystal L /
    Gilmour, Matthew Ian / Kodavanti, Urmila P

    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology

    2014  Volume 142, Issue 2, Page(s) 403–417

    Abstract: Diesel exhaust (DE) exposure induces adverse cardiopulmonary effects. Cerium oxide nanoparticles added to diesel fuel (DECe) increases fuel burning efficiency but leads to altered emission characteristics and potentially altered health effects. Here, we ... ...

    Abstract Diesel exhaust (DE) exposure induces adverse cardiopulmonary effects. Cerium oxide nanoparticles added to diesel fuel (DECe) increases fuel burning efficiency but leads to altered emission characteristics and potentially altered health effects. Here, we evaluated whether DECe results in greater adverse pulmonary effects compared with DE. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to filtered air, DE, or DECe for 5 h/day for 2 days. N-acetyl glucosaminidase activity was increased in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats exposed to DECe but not DE. There were also marginal but insignificant increases in several other lung injury biomarkers in both exposure groups (DECe > DE for all). To further characterize DECe toxicity, rats in a second study were exposed to filtered air or DECe for 5 h/day for 2 days or 4 weeks. Tissue analysis indicated a concentration- and time-dependent accumulation of lung and liver cerium followed by a delayed clearance. The gas-phase and high concentration of DECe increased lung inflammation at the 2-day time point, indicating that gas-phase components, in addition to particles, contribute to pulmonary toxicity. This effect was reduced at 4 weeks except for a sustained increase in BALF γ-glutamyl transferase activity. Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy revealed increased alveolar septa thickness due to edema and increased numbers of pigmented macrophages after DECe exposure. Collectively, these findings indicate that DECe induces more adverse pulmonary effects on a mass basis than DE. In addition, lung accumulation of cerium, systemic translocation to the liver, and delayed clearance are added concerns to existing health effects of DECe.
    MeSH term(s) Acetylglucosaminidase/metabolism ; Animals ; Aorta/drug effects ; Aorta/pathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry ; Cerium/chemistry ; Cerium/pharmacokinetics ; Cerium/toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gasoline/analysis ; Gasoline/toxicity ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver/pathology ; Lung/drug effects ; Lung/enzymology ; Lung/ultrastructure ; Lung Injury/chemically induced ; Lung Injury/enzymology ; Lung Injury/pathology ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Particle Size ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors ; Vasoconstriction/drug effects ; Vehicle Emissions/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Gasoline ; Vehicle Emissions ; Cerium (30K4522N6T) ; ceric oxide (619G5K328Y) ; Acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-09-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1420885-4
    ISSN 1096-0929 ; 1096-6080
    ISSN (online) 1096-0929
    ISSN 1096-6080
    DOI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu187
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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