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Article ; Online: Global health in Germany: Understanding interdisciplinarity in the academic sector.

Gotsche, Caroline I / Weishaar, Heide / Hanefeld, Johanna

2023 Volume 130, Page(s) 104715

Abstract: Background: Global Health (GH) in Germany increasingly becomes subject of political priority and scientists and policy makers. The aim of this study was to gain understanding of the current state, potential barriers and enablers of interdisciplinarity ... ...

Abstract	Background: Global Health (GH) in Germany increasingly becomes subject of political priority and scientists and policy makers. The aim of this study was to gain understanding of the current state, potential barriers and enablers of interdisciplinarity in GH in the academic sector in Germany. Methods: Between October 2019 and February 2020, we conducted thirteen semi-structured interviews with ten academics and three policymakers engaged in GH in Germany. Purposive and maximum contrast sampling based on review of the literature was performed to ensure a heterogenous set of study participants. Findings: We found that interdisciplinary exchange in GH research and education is limited in the German academic setting. Several context-specific barriers of interdisciplinary collaboration in the academic sector in Germany were detected, including terminological ambiguities and more biomedical actors being involved in global health compared to other disciplines. At the same time, enablers such as promotion of young academics and fostering topic-specific collaboration in GH research and education were identified to improve interdisciplinary working. Conclusion: The importance of following an interdisciplinary approach is discussed and acknowledged across scientists working on GH in Germany. The current challenge is to identify which GH topics lend themselves to the collaboration of Germany-based scientists from various backgrounds and to establish common goals to advance interdisciplinarity research.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Global Health ; Germany ; Organizations
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-02
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605805-x
ISSN	1872-6054 ; 0168-8510
ISSN (online)	1872-6054
ISSN	0168-8510
DOI	10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104715
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Article: Mehr Gesundheitskompetenz für Deutschland. Im Gespräch mit Heide Weishaar

Weishaar, Heide

Zeitschrift für Physiotherapeuten

2018 Volume 70, Issue 4, Page(s) 46

Language	German
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2274399-6
ISSN	1614-0397
Database	Current Contents Medicine

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Article ; Online: Health care workers' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.

Chemali, Souaad / Mari-Sáez, Almudena / El Bcheraoui, Charbel / Weishaar, Heide

Human resources for health

2022 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 27

Abstract: Background: COVID-19 has challenged health systems worldwide, especially the health workforce, a pillar crucial for health systems resilience. Therefore, strengthening health system resilience can be informed by analyzing health care workers' (HCWs) ... ...

Abstract	Background: COVID-19 has challenged health systems worldwide, especially the health workforce, a pillar crucial for health systems resilience. Therefore, strengthening health system resilience can be informed by analyzing health care workers' (HCWs) experiences and needs during pandemics. This review synthesizes qualitative studies published during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic to identify factors affecting HCWs' experiences and their support needs during the pandemic. This review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. A systematic search on PubMed was applied using controlled vocabularies. Only original studies presenting primary qualitative data were included. Results: 161 papers that were published from the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic up until 28th March 2021 were included in the review. Findings were presented using the socio-ecological model as an analytical framework. At the individual level, the impact of the pandemic manifested on HCWs' well-being, daily routine, professional and personal identity. At the interpersonal level, HCWs' personal and professional relationships were identified as crucial. At the institutional level, decision-making processes, organizational aspects and availability of support emerged as important factors affecting HCWs' experiences. At community level, community morale, norms, and public knowledge were of importance. Finally, at policy level, governmental support and response measures shaped HCWs' experiences. The review identified a lack of studies which investigate other HCWs than doctors and nurses, HCWs in non-hospital settings, and HCWs in low- and lower middle income countries. Discussion: This review shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged HCWs, with multiple contextual factors impacting their experiences and needs. To better understand HCWs' experiences, comparative investigations are needed which analyze differences across as well as within countries, including differences at institutional, community, interpersonal and individual levels. Similarly, interventions aimed at supporting HCWs prior to, during and after pandemics need to consider HCWs' circumstances. Conclusions: Following a context-sensitive approach to empowering HCWs that accounts for the multitude of aspects which influence their experiences could contribute to building a sustainable health workforce and strengthening health systems for future pandemics.
MeSH term(s)	Attitude of Health Personnel ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Pandemics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2126923-3
ISSN	1478-4491 ; 1478-4491
ISSN (online)	1478-4491
ISSN	1478-4491
DOI	10.1186/s12960-022-00724-1
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Article ; Online: Evidence use in E-cigarettes debates: scientific showdowns in a 'wild west' of research.

Smith, Katherine E / Ikegwuonu, Theresa / Weishaar, Heide / Hilton, Shona

BMC public health

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 362

Abstract: Background: Against a backdrop of declining tobacco use, e-cigarette markets are growing. The UK now has a higher percentage of e-cigarette users than any other European country. These developments have prompted fierce discussions in scientific, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Against a backdrop of declining tobacco use, e-cigarette markets are growing. The UK now has a higher percentage of e-cigarette users than any other European country. These developments have prompted fierce discussions in scientific, advocacy and policy communities about how best to respond. This article is one of the first to examine the role of evidence in these debates. Methods: We analysed 121 submissions to two Scottish policy consultations on e-cigarettes (in 2014 and 2015) and undertook interviews with 26 key informants in 2015-2016, following up with a sub-set in 2019-2020. All data were thematically coded, and our analysis was informed by insights from policy studies and the sociology of science. Results: First, we affirm previous research in suggesting that e-cigarettes appeared to have triggered a breakdown of old public health alliances. Second, we demonstrate that, amid concerns about research quality and quantity, actors are guided by normative outlooks (and/or economic interests) in their assessments of evidence. Third, we show that, despite describing e-cigarette debates as contentious and polarised, actors engaging in Scottish policy debates exhibit a spectrum of views, with most interviewees occupying an uncertain 'middle ground' that is responsive to new evidence. Fourth, we suggest that the perceived divisiveness of e-cigarette debates is attributed to recurrent media simplifications and tensions arising from the behaviours of some actors with settled positions working to promote particular policy responses (including by strategically enrolling supportive evidence). Fifth, we argue that the actions of these actors are potentially explained by the prospect that e-cigarettes could usher in a new tobacco 'policy paradigm'. Finally, we show how scientific authority is employed as a tool within these debates. Conclusions: E-cigarette debates are likely to reconcile only if a clear majority of participants in the uncertain 'middle ground' settle on a more fixed position. Our results suggest that many participants in Scottish e-cigarette debates occupy this 'middle ground' and express concerns that can be empirically assessed, implying evidence has the potential to play a more important role in settling e-cigarette debates than previous research suggests.
MeSH term(s)	Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Europe ; Humans ; Smokers ; Tobacco Products ; Vaping
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-021-10396-6
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Article ; Online: Health care workers’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic

Chemali, Souaad / Mari‑Sáez, Almudena / El Bcheraoui, Charbel / Weishaar, Heide

a scoping review

2022

Abstract	Background: COVID-19 has challenged health systems worldwide, especially the health workforce, a pillar crucial for health systems resilience. Therefore, strengthening health system resilience can be informed by analyzing health care workers’ (HCWs) experiences and needs during pandemics. This review synthesizes qualitative studies published during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic to identify factors affecting HCWs’ experiences and their support needs during the pandemic. This review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. A systematic search on PubMed was applied using controlled vocabularies. Only original studies presenting primary qualitative data were included. Results: 161 papers that were published from the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic up until 28th March 2021 were included in the review. Findings were presented using the socio-ecological model as an analytical framework. At the individual level, the impact of the pandemic manifested on HCWs’ well-being, daily routine, professional and personal identity. At the interpersonal level, HCWs’ personal and professional relationships were identified as crucial. At the institutional level, decision-making processes, organizational aspects and availability of support emerged as important factors affecting HCWs’ experiences. At community level, community morale, norms, and public knowledge were of importance. Finally, at policy level, governmental support and response measures shaped HCWs’ experiences. The review identified a lack of studies which investigate other HCWs than doctors and nurses, HCWs in non-hospital settings, and HCWs in low- and lower middle income countries. Discussion: This review shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged HCWs, with multiple contextual factors impacting their experiences and needs. To better understand HCWs’ experiences, comparative investigations are needed which analyze differences across as well as within countries, including differences at institutional, community, ...
Keywords	Health care workers ; Experiences ; Resilience ; Coping ; COVID-19 ; Health systems ; Pandemic ; 610 Medizin und Gesundheit ; ddc:610
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-24
Publisher	Robert Koch-Institut
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Listening to the Voices of Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study Providing In-Depth Insights Into Ethical and Individual Challenges.

Buchberger, Barbara / Weishaar, Heide / Evans, Megan / Böttcher, Rike / Umlauf, René / Muminow, Swetlana / Montt Maray, Eloisa / Muller, Nadine / Chemali, Souaad / Geurts, Brogan / Fischer, Hanna-Tina / El Bcheraoui, Charbel

Qualitative health research

2024 , Page(s) 10497323241231521

Abstract: In their daily practice, health care workers (HCWs) experience the effects of tensions between professional ethos and work realities, which can lead to ethical dilemmas. We aim to explore the ethical dilemmas that affected HCWs in Germany during the ... ...

Abstract	In their daily practice, health care workers (HCWs) experience the effects of tensions between professional ethos and work realities, which can lead to ethical dilemmas. We aim to explore the ethical dilemmas that affected HCWs in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand these in the context of the German health system. Between April and December 2022, we interviewed HCWs from various levels of care and key informants responsible for decisions related to HCWs in Germany. Three themes were identified in the data analyzed from 78 participants. The first highlighted the potency of pre-existing health system problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The second captured the ethical dilemmas that were described as having arisen due to the tension between professional ethos and structural constraints. The third included factors related to increasing or diminishing the implications of ethical dilemmas. A lack of opportunities for HCWs to participate in political and managerial decisions was suggested to result in policies that do not meet the needs of HCWs and patients. Positive interpersonal interactions were described as helpful when coping with dilemmatic decision-making situations. In order to avoid negative consequences caused by unresolved ethical dilemmas, including moral distress, among HCWs, staff shortages and decision-making in the German health system urgently need to be addressed. HCWs' working conditions regularly evoke ethical dilemmas, particularly during public health emergencies. Together with HCWs, decision-makers must develop new models for working in health care settings that are in line with HCWs' professional ethos.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1275716-0
ISSN	1552-7557 ; 1049-7323
ISSN (online)	1552-7557
ISSN	1049-7323
DOI	10.1177/10497323241231521
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Article: Patients' understanding of health information in Germany.

Tille, Florian / Weishaar, Heide / Gibis, Bernhard / Schnitzer, Susanne

Patient preference and adherence

2019 Volume 13, Page(s) 805–817

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-16
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2455848-5
ISSN	1177-889X
ISSN	1177-889X
DOI	10.2147/PPA.S202748
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Article ; Online: Assessing COVID-19 through the lens of health systems' preparedness: time for a change.

El Bcheraoui, Charbel / Weishaar, Heide / Pozo-Martin, Francisco / Hanefeld, Johanna

Globalization and health

2020 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 112

Abstract: The last months have left no-one in doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic is exerting enormous pressure on health systems around the world, bringing to light the sub-optimal resilience of even those classified as high-performing. This makes us re-think the ... ...

Abstract	The last months have left no-one in doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic is exerting enormous pressure on health systems around the world, bringing to light the sub-optimal resilience of even those classified as high-performing. This makes us re-think the extent to which we are using the appropriate metrics in evaluating health systems which, in the case of this pandemic, might have masked how unprepared some countries were. It also makes us reflect on the strength of our solidarity as a global community, as we observe that global health protection remains, as this pandemic shows, focused on protecting high income countries from public health threats originating in low and middle income countries. To change this course, and in times like this, all nations should come together under one umbrella to respond to the pandemic by sharing intellectual, human, and material resources. In order to work towards stronger and better prepared health systems, improved and resilience-relevant metrics are needed. Further, a new model of development assistance for health, one that is focused on stronger and more resilient health systems, should be the world's top priority.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Delivery of Health Care ; Global Health ; Government Programs ; Health Resources ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Pandemics ; Quality of Health Care
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2185774-X
ISSN	1744-8603 ; 1744-8603
ISSN (online)	1744-8603
ISSN	1744-8603
DOI	10.1186/s12992-020-00645-5
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Article ; Online: Understanding commercial actors' engagement in policy debates on proposed e-cigarette regulation in Scotland.

Ikegwuonu, Theresa / Hilton, Shona / Smith, Katherine E / Buckton, Christina H / Wong, Mark / Weishaar, Heide B

Tobacco control

2021 Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 511–519

Abstract: Introduction: There is growing concern about transnational tobacco corporations' (TTCs) and other commercial actors' involvement in e-cigarette policy development. Previous analyses suggest that TTCs used e-cigarette debates to demonstrate alignment ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: There is growing concern about transnational tobacco corporations' (TTCs) and other commercial actors' involvement in e-cigarette policy development. Previous analyses suggest that TTCs used e-cigarette debates to demonstrate alignment with public health and re-gain policy influence. Less is known about the engagement of other types of commercial actors in e-cigarette policy debates. Methods: This paper is the first to empirically analyse commercial actors' engagement in an e-cigarette policy consultation process and to examine their views on proposed regulation. It applies mixed methods, drawing on policy consultation submissions (n=32), semi-structured interviews (n=9) and a social network analysis of website links among 32 commercial actors. Results: The results show that commercial actors' positions on e-cigarette regulation aligned with business interests. TTCs, independent e-cigarette manufacturers and other non-licensed commercial actors were opposed to most aspects of potential e-cigarette regulation (except for age of sale restrictions), whereas licensed commercial actors, including pharmaceutical companies, supported more stringent regulation. While collaboration was viewed as strategically important to gain policy influence, distinct commercial interests and concerns about TTC credibility led to strategic distancing and to collaboration being largely confined to sector boundaries. In addition to reiterating arguments employed by TTCs in previous regulatory debates, commercial actors focused on highlighting the technical complexity and harm reduction potential of e-cigarettes. Conclusion: Awareness of the various commercial interests and strategic positioning of commercial actors in e-cigarette policy should inform public health advocacy and policy development, including managing conflicts of interest in the context of Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Article 5.3.
MeSH term(s)	Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Policy ; Scotland ; Tobacco Industry ; Tobacco Products
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1146554-2
ISSN	1468-3318 ; 0964-4563
ISSN (online)	1468-3318
ISSN	0964-4563
DOI	10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056084
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Article ; Online: Risikokommunikation bei der Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie: Herausforderungen und Erfolg versprechende Ansätze.

Loss, Julika / Boklage, Evgeniya / Jordan, Susanne / Jenny, Mirjam A / Weishaar, Heide / El Bcheraoui, Charbel

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz

2021 Volume 64, Issue 3, Page(s) 294–303

Abstract: Risk communication plays a central role in public health emergencies: it must enable informed decisions, promote protective or life-sustaining behaviour, and maintain trust in public institutions. In addition, uncertainties in knowledge must be named ... ...

Title translation	Risk communication in the containment of the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and promising approaches.
Abstract	Risk communication plays a central role in public health emergencies: it must enable informed decisions, promote protective or life-sustaining behaviour, and maintain trust in public institutions. In addition, uncertainties in knowledge must be named transparently; irrational fears and rumours must be refuted. Success factors for risk communication are the participation of citizens as well as the continuous recording of risk perception and risk competence in population groups. The current COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) pandemic poses specific challenges for risk communication.The state of knowledge on many important aspects concerning COVID-19 was and is often uncertain or preliminary, e.g. on transmission, symptoms, long-term effects and immunity. Communication is characterised by scientific language and an array of figures and statistics, which can render the content difficult to understand. Alongside the official announcements and statements by experts, COVID-19 is widely communicated on social media, spreading misinformation and speculation; this "infodemic" can complicate risk communication.Various national and international scientific projects will help tailor risk communication on COVID-19 to target groups and thereby render it more effective. These projects include explorative studies on how people deal with COVID-19-related information; the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) project, a regularly conducted online survey on risk perception and protective behaviour; and an interdisciplinary qualitative study that compares the design, implementation and effectiveness of risk communication strategies in four countries.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Communication ; Germany/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Media
Language	German
Publishing date	2021-02-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1461973-8
ISSN	1437-1588 ; 1436-9990
ISSN (online)	1437-1588
ISSN	1436-9990
DOI	10.1007/s00103-021-03283-3
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