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Article: Replacement for antibiotics: Lysozyme

Oliver, William T. / Wells, Jim E.

Proceedings of the 36th Western Nutrition Conference. 2015 Sept., , no. 36

2015

Abstract: Antibiotics have been fed at subtherapeutic levels to swine as growth promoters for more than 60 years, and the majority of swine produced in the U.S. receive antibiotics in their feed at some point in their production cycle. These compounds benefit the ... ...

Abstract	Antibiotics have been fed at subtherapeutic levels to swine as growth promoters for more than 60 years, and the majority of swine produced in the U.S. receive antibiotics in their feed at some point in their production cycle. These compounds benefit the producers by minimizing production losses by increasing feed efficiency and decreasing susceptibility to bacterial infection and disease. However, many countries, including all of the European Union, have banned the use of antibiotics as growth promotants in animal agriculture. Due to the perceived risk of bacterial resistance to antibiotics important in human medicine, swine producers are currently under tremendous pressure to eliminate subtherapeutic antibiotic use. Recent Federal Drug Administration guidance (No. 209 and 213) are designed to limit the use of medically important antibiotics in animal agriculture in the U.S. Lysozyme, also known as muramidase, is a naturally occurring enzyme found in bodily secretions and is a good replacement for traditional antibiotics. It functions as an antimicrobial agent by cleaving the peptidoglycan component of bacterial cell walls, which leads to cell death. While the mechanism by which antibiotics or lysozyme improve performance is not clearly understood, both of these feed additives improve gastrointestinal health, improve the metabolic profile, and alter the gastrointestinal bacteria ecology of swine.
Keywords	antibiotic resistance ; antibiotics ; bacteria ; bacterial infections ; cell death ; cell walls ; ecology ; feed additives ; feed conversion ; gastrointestinal system ; growth promotion ; lysozyme ; medicated feeds ; peptidoglycans ; risk perception ; swine ; United States
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-09
Size	p. 63-72.
Document type	Article
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Effects of

Smock, Taylor M / Samuelson, Kendall L / Wells, Jim E / Hales, Kristin E / Hergenreder, Jerilyn E / Rounds, P Whitney / Richeson, John T

Translational animal science

2020 Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) txaa164

Abstract: The study objective was to determine the effects ... ...

Abstract	The study objective was to determine the effects of
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2573-2102
ISSN (online)	2573-2102
DOI	10.1093/tas/txaa164
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: CD97 is associated with mitogenic pathway activation, metabolic reprogramming, and immune microenvironment changes in glioblastoma.

Safaee, Michael M / Wang, Elaina J / Jain, Saket / Chen, Jia-Shu / Gill, Sabraj / Zheng, Allison C / Garcia, Joseph H / Beniwal, Angad S / Tran, Y / Nguyen, Alan T / Trieu, Melissa / Leung, Kevin / Wells, Jim / Maclean, James M / Wycoff, Keith / Aghi, Manish K

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 1464

Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor with a median survival under two years. Using in silico and in vitro techniques, we demonstrate heterogeneous expression of CD97, a leukocyte adhesion marker, in human GBM. Beyond its previous ... ...

Abstract	Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor with a median survival under two years. Using in silico and in vitro techniques, we demonstrate heterogeneous expression of CD97, a leukocyte adhesion marker, in human GBM. Beyond its previous demonstrated role in tumor invasion, we show that CD97 is also associated with upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/Erk) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathways in GBM. While CD97 knockout decreased Akt activation, CD97 targeting did not alter MAPK/Erk activation, did not slow GBM cell proliferation in culture, and increased levels of glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation metabolites. Treatment with a soluble CD97 inhibitor did not alter activation of the MAPK/Erk and PI3K/Akt pathways. Tumors with high CD97 expression were associated with immune microenvironment changes including increased naïve macrophages, regulatory T cells, and resting natural killer (NK) cells. These data suggest that, while CD97 expression is associated with conflicting effects on tumor cell proliferative and metabolic pathways that overall do not affect tumor cell proliferation, CD97 exerts pro-tumoral effects on the tumor immune microenvironment, which along with the pro-invasive effects of CD97 we previously demonstrated, provides impetus to continue exploring CD97 as a therapeutic target in GBM.
MeSH term(s)	Activation, Metabolic/immunology ; Antigens, CD/genetics ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms/genetics ; Brain Neoplasms/immunology ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Glioblastoma/genetics ; Glioblastoma/immunology ; Glioblastoma/pathology ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/immunology ; Metabolomics ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects ; Tumor Microenvironment/genetics ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
Chemical Substances	ADGRE5 protein, human ; Antigens, CD ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; AKT1 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-05259-y
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Article ; Online: A comparison of methods to detect low levels of Salmonella enterica in surface waters to support antimicrobial resistance surveillance efforts performed in multiple laboratories.

Kraft, Autumn L / Wells, Jim E / Frye, Jonathan G / Ibekwe, Abasiofiok M / Durso, Lisa M / Hiott, Lari / East, Cheryl / McConn, Betty R / Franklin, Alison M / Boczek, Laura A / Garland, Jay L / Kabera, Claudine / McDermott, Patrick F / Ottesen, Andrea R / Zheng, Jie / Cook, Kimberly L / Sharma, Manan

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 905, Page(s) 167189

Abstract: Developing effective and sensitive detection methods for antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica from surface water is a goal of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). There are no specified methods for recovery of S. ... ...

Abstract	Developing effective and sensitive detection methods for antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica from surface water is a goal of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). There are no specified methods for recovery of S. enterica in surface waters in the U.S. A multi-laboratory evaluation of four methods - bulk water enrichment (BW), vertical Modified Moore Swab (VMMS), modified Standard Method 9260.B2 (SM), and dead-end ultrafiltration (DEUF) - was undertaken to recover S. enterica from surface water. In Phase 1, one-liter volumes of water were collected from the same site on five different dates. Water was shipped and analyzed at four different laboratory locations (A, B, C, and D) for recovery of 1) inoculated fluorescent S. Typhimurium strain (ca. 30 CFU/L) and 2) Salmonella present in the water sampled. At each location, BW, VMMS, or SM recovery was performed on five separate 1 L water samples. Twenty 1 L water samples were subjected to each recovery method, and overall, sixty 1 L samples were assayed for Salmonella. Inoculated, fluorescent Salmonella Typhimurium and environmental Salmonella spp. were recovered from 65 % (39/60) and 45 % (27/60) of water samples, respectively. BW, VMMS, and SM recovered fluorescent S. Typhimurium from 60 %, 60 %, and 75 % of inoculated samples, respectively. Analysis by Chi-squared test determined laboratory location had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on fluorescent S. Typhimurium recovery compared to method or date of water collection. In Phase 2, recovery of inoculated fluorescent S. Typhimurium from 1 L samples by SM and DEUF was compared at laboratory locations B and D. SM and DEUF recovered fluorescent S. Typhimurium from 100 % (20/20) and 95 % (19/20) of inoculated water samples, respectively; laboratory location (p > 0.05) did not affect Salmonella recovery. Uniform laboratory methodology and training should be prioritized in conducting Salmonella recovery from surface water in laboratories.
MeSH term(s)	Salmonella enterica ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Laboratories ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Water
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167189
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Article ; Online: A populist movement for health?

Wells, Jim / Woolley, Mary

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2008 Volume 322, Issue 5898, Page(s) 15

MeSH term(s)	Biomedical Research ; Communication ; Disease ; Health ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Public Opinion
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-10-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.1163960
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Book ; Conference proceedings: Forest Service

Wells, Jim

actions needed for the agency to become more accountable for its performance : testimony before the Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health, Committee on Resources, House of Representatives

2000

Institution	United States. / Forest Service United States. / General Accounting Office. United States. / Congress
Author's details	statement of Jim Wells
Keywords	Forest management
Language	English
Size	12 p. :, ill. ;, 28 cm.
Publisher	GAO
Publishing place	Washington, D.C.
Document type	Book ; Conference proceedings
Note	Cover title. ; "June 29, 2000" ; "GAO/T-RCED-00-236."
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A quaternary equation for interdisciplinary medical research (IMR)

Shuman Marc / Wells Jim / Shokat K / Bernales S / Walter P / Shultz Leonard / Goodwin Neal

Journal of Translational Medicine, Vol 10, Iss Suppl 2, p A

2012 Volume 49

Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Severity of mastitis symptoms as a predictor of C-reactive protein in milk and blood during lactation.

Fetherston, Catherine M / Wells, Jim I / Hartmann, Peter E

Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine

2006 Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) 127–135

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the presence of C-reactive protein (CRP) in breast milk and any relationship between changes in CRP in breast milk and blood, and the severity of systemic and breast symptoms experienced during mastitis.: Methods: Mothers (n ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate the presence of C-reactive protein (CRP) in breast milk and any relationship between changes in CRP in breast milk and blood, and the severity of systemic and breast symptoms experienced during mastitis. Methods: Mothers (n = 26) were followed prospectively from day 5 postpartum to the end of their lactation. Milk from each breast, blood, 24-hour urine samples and data on breast and systemic pathologies were collected at reference intervals during the first 3 months postpartum, daily during the occurrence of any breast inflammation and at 7 days after resolution of symptoms. Results: CRP in blood was significantly increased during mastitis (p < 0.001, df:1,81; F = 31) and severity of systemic symptoms was a significant predictor for changes of CRP in blood (p < 0.01; df:3,42; F = 9.6). During mastitis both the symptomatic breast (p < 0.001; df:1,79; F = 19) and the contralateral asymptomatic breast (p < 0.004; df:1,75; F = 8.7) had a significantly higher milk CRP when compared with women with no mastitis. Conclusions: Although an increasing severity of breast and systemic symptoms in mastitis was predictive of an increasing CRP in milk and blood, respectively, the presence of CRP in similar concentrations in the mastitis and asymptomatic breast suggests it is of little use in making a differential diagnosis between infective verses noninfective forms of mastitis.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Biomarkers/blood ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Mastitis/blood ; Mastitis/diagnosis ; Mastitis/pathology ; Milk, Human/chemistry ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2006
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2234680-6
ISSN	1556-8342 ; 1556-8253
ISSN (online)	1556-8342
ISSN	1556-8253
DOI	10.1089/bfm.2006.1.127
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Layilin augments integrin activation to promote antitumor immunity.

The Journal of experimental medicine

2020 Volume 217, Issue 9

Abstract: Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells mediate antitumor immune responses. However, the mechanisms by which T cells remain poised to kill cancer cells despite expressing high levels of inhibitory receptors are unknown. Here, we report that layilin, a C-type ... ...

Abstract	Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells mediate antitumor immune responses. However, the mechanisms by which T cells remain poised to kill cancer cells despite expressing high levels of inhibitory receptors are unknown. Here, we report that layilin, a C-type lectin domain-containing membrane glycoprotein, is selectively expressed on highly activated, clonally expanded, but phenotypically exhausted CD8+ T cells in human melanoma. Lineage-specific deletion of layilin on murine CD8+ T cells reduced their accumulation in tumors and increased tumor growth in vivo. Congruently, gene editing of LAYN in human CD8+ T cells reduced direct tumor cell killing ex vivo. On a molecular level, layilin colocalized with integrin αLβ2 (LFA-1) on T cells, and cross-linking layilin promoted the activated state of this integrin. Accordingly, LAYN deletion resulted in attenuated LFA-1-dependent cellular adhesion. Collectively, our results identify layilin as part of a molecular pathway in which exhausted or "dysfunctional" CD8+ T cells enhance cellular adhesiveness to maintain their cytotoxic potential.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Proliferation ; Clone Cells ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Gene Editing ; Humans ; Immunity ; Integrins/metabolism ; Lectins, C-Type/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation/immunology ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Melanoma/immunology ; Melanoma/pathology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Protein Binding ; Talin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Carrier Proteins ; Cytokines ; Integrins ; LAYN protein, human ; Lectins, C-Type ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Talin ; layilin protein, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218343-2
ISSN	1540-9538 ; 0022-1007
ISSN (online)	1540-9538
ISSN	0022-1007
DOI	10.1084/jem.20192080
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Article: Development and Model Testing of Antemortem Screening Methodology To Predict Required Drug Withholds in Heifers

Jones, Shuna A / Salter, Robert S / Goldsmith, Tim / Quintana, Julio / Rapnicki, Paul / Shuck, Karen / Wells, Jim E / Schneider, Marilyn J / Griffin, Dee

Journal of food protection. 2014 Feb., v. 77, no. 2

2014

Abstract: A simple, cow-side test for the presence of drug residues in live animal fluids would provide useful information for tissue drug residue avoidance programs. This work describes adaptation and evaluation of rapid screening tests to detect drug residues in ...

Abstract	A simple, cow-side test for the presence of drug residues in live animal fluids would provide useful information for tissue drug residue avoidance programs. This work describes adaptation and evaluation of rapid screening tests to detect drug residues in serum and urine. Medicated heifers had urine, serum, and tissue biopsy samples taken while on drug treatment. Samples were tested by rapid methods and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The adapted microbial inhibition method, kidney inhibition swab test, was useful in detecting sulfadimethoxine in serum, and its response correlated with the prescribed withdrawal time for the drug, 5 to 6 days posttreatment. The lateral flow screening method for flunixin and beta-lactams, adapted for urine, was useful in predicting flunixin in liver detected by HPLC, 96 h posttreatment. The same adapted methods were not useful to detect ceftiofur in serum or urine due to a lack of sensitivity at the levels of interest. These antemortem screening test studies demonstrated that the method selected, and the sampling matrix chosen (urine or serum), will depend on the drug used and should be based on animal treatment history if available. The live animal tests demonstrated the potential for verification that an individual animal is free of drug residues before sale for human consumption.
Keywords	animal tests ; biopsy ; blood serum ; ceftiofur ; drug residues ; drug therapy ; flunixin ; heifers ; high performance liquid chromatography ; humans ; kidneys ; liver ; prediction ; rapid methods ; screening ; sulfadimethoxine ; urine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-02
Size	p. 292-298.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	243284-5
ISSN	1944-9097 ; 0362-028X
ISSN (online)	1944-9097
ISSN	0362-028X
DOI	10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-267
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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