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  1. Article ; Online: Accelerating Lead Identification by High Throughput Virtual Screening: Prospective Case Studies from the Pharmaceutical Industry.

    Damm-Ganamet, Kelly L / Arora, Nidhi / Becart, Stephane / Edwards, James P / Lebsack, Alec D / McAllister, Heather M / Nelen, Marina I / Rao, Navin L / Westover, Lori / Wiener, John J M / Mirzadegan, Taraneh

    Journal of chemical information and modeling

    2019  Volume 59, Issue 5, Page(s) 2046–2062

    Abstract: At the onset of a drug discovery program, the goal is to identify novel compounds with appropriate chemical features that can be taken forward as lead series. Here, we describe three prospective case studies, Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK), RAR-Related ... ...

    Abstract At the onset of a drug discovery program, the goal is to identify novel compounds with appropriate chemical features that can be taken forward as lead series. Here, we describe three prospective case studies, Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK), RAR-Related Orphan Receptor γ t (RORγt), and Human Leukocyte Antigen DR isotype (HLA-DR) to illustrate the positive impact of high throughput virtual screening (HTVS) on the successful identification of novel chemical series. Each case represents a project with a varying degree of difficulty due to the amount of structural and ligand information available internally or in the public domain to utilize in the virtual screens. We show that HTVS can be effectively employed to identify a diverse set of potent hits for each protein system even when the gold standard, high resolution structural data or ligand binding data for benchmarking, is not available.
    MeSH term(s) Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/chemistry ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods ; Drug Industry ; HLA-DR Antigens/chemistry ; HLA-DR Antigens/metabolism ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Orphan Nuclear Receptors/chemistry ; Orphan Nuclear Receptors/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Time Factors ; User-Computer Interface
    Chemical Substances HLA-DR Antigens ; Orphan Nuclear Receptors ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase (EC 2.7.10.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 190019-5
    ISSN 1549-960X ; 0095-2338
    ISSN (online) 1549-960X
    ISSN 0095-2338
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00941
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Modulating Androgen Receptor-Driven Transcription in Prostate Cancer with Selective CDK9 Inhibitors.

    Richters, André / Doyle, Shelby K / Freeman, David B / Lee, Christina / Leifer, Becky S / Jagannathan, Sajjeev / Kabinger, Florian / Koren, Jošt Vrabič / Struntz, Nicholas B / Urgiles, Julie / Stagg, Ryan A / Curtin, Brice H / Chatterjee, Deep / Mathea, Sebastian / Mikochik, Peter J / Hopkins, Tamara D / Gao, Hua / Branch, Jonathan R / Xin, Hong /
    Westover, Lori / Bignan, Gilles C / Rupnow, Brent A / Karlin, Kristen L / Olson, Calla M / Westbrook, Thomas F / Vacca, Joseph / Wilfong, Chris M / Trotter, B Wesley / Saffran, Douglas C / Bischofberger, Norbert / Knapp, Stefan / Russo, Joshua W / Hickson, Ian / Bischoff, James R / Gottardis, Marco M / Balk, Steven P / Lin, Charles Y / Pop, Marius S / Koehler, Angela N

    Cell chemical biology

    2020  Volume 28, Issue 2, Page(s) 134–147.e14

    Abstract: Castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) lose sensitivity to androgen-deprivation therapies but frequently remain dependent on oncogenic transcription driven by the androgen receptor (AR) and its splice variants. To discover modulators of AR-variant ...

    Abstract Castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) lose sensitivity to androgen-deprivation therapies but frequently remain dependent on oncogenic transcription driven by the androgen receptor (AR) and its splice variants. To discover modulators of AR-variant activity, we used a lysate-based small-molecule microarray assay and identified KI-ARv-03 as an AR-variant complex binder that reduces AR-driven transcription and proliferation in prostate cancer cells. We deduced KI-ARv-03 to be a potent, selective inhibitor of CDK9, an important cofactor for AR, MYC, and other oncogenic transcription factors. Further optimization resulted in KB-0742, an orally bioavailable, selective CDK9 inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity in CRPC models. In 22Rv1 cells, KB-0742 rapidly downregulates nascent transcription, preferentially depleting short half-life transcripts and AR-driven oncogenic programs. In vivo, oral administration of KB-0742 significantly reduced tumor growth in CRPC, supporting CDK9 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy to target AR dependence in CRPC.
    MeSH term(s) Androgen Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Androgen Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9/antagonists & inhibitors ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Models, Molecular ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Androgen/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Androgen Receptor Antagonists ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Receptors, Androgen ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9 (EC 2.7.11.22)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 2451-9448
    ISSN (online) 2451-9448
    DOI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.10.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as adenosine A2A receptor antagonists.

    Shook, Brian C / Chakravarty, Devraj / Barbay, J Kent / Wang, Aihua / Leonard, Kristi / Alford, Vernon / Powell, Mark T / Rassnick, Stefanie / Scannevin, Robert H / Carroll, Karen / Wallace, Nathaniel / Crooke, Jeffrey / Ault, Mark / Lampron, Lisa / Westover, Lori / Rhodes, Kenneth / Jackson, Paul F

    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters

    2013  Volume 23, Issue 9, Page(s) 2688–2691

    Abstract: A novel series of benzyl substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines were identified as potent A2A receptor antagonists. Several five- and six-membered heterocyclic replacements for the optimized methylfuran were explored. Select compounds effectively reverse ... ...

    Abstract A novel series of benzyl substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines were identified as potent A2A receptor antagonists. Several five- and six-membered heterocyclic replacements for the optimized methylfuran were explored. Select compounds effectively reverse catalepsy in mice when dosed orally.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/chemistry ; Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacokinetics ; Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Catalepsy/drug therapy ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Protein Binding ; Pyrimidines/chemistry ; Pyrimidines/pharmacokinetics ; Pyrimidines/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Receptor, Adenosine A2A/chemistry ; Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists ; Pyrimidines ; Receptor, Adenosine A2A
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-05-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1063195-1
    ISSN 1464-3405 ; 0960-894X
    ISSN (online) 1464-3405
    ISSN 0960-894X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.078
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as adenosine A₂A receptor antagonists

    Shook, Brian C / Chakravarty, Devraj / Barbay, J. Kent / Wang, Aihua / Leonard, Kristi / Alford, Vernon / Powell, Mark T / Rassnick, Stefanie / Scannevin, Robert H / Carroll, Karen / Wallace, Nathaniel / Crooke, Jeffrey / Ault, Mark / Lampron, Lisa / Westover, Lori / Rhodes, Kenneth / Jackson, Paul F

    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2013 May 1, v. 23, no. 9

    2013  

    Abstract: A novel series of benzyl substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines were identified as potent A₂A receptor antagonists. Several five- and six-membered heterocyclic replacements for the optimized methylfuran were explored. Select compounds effectively reverse ... ...

    Abstract A novel series of benzyl substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines were identified as potent A₂A receptor antagonists. Several five- and six-membered heterocyclic replacements for the optimized methylfuran were explored. Select compounds effectively reverse catalepsy in mice when dosed orally.
    Keywords adenosine ; antagonists ; chemistry ; mice ; pyrimidines
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-0501
    Size p. 2688-2691.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1063195-1
    ISSN 1464-3405 ; 0960-894X
    ISSN (online) 1464-3405
    ISSN 0960-894X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.078
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Discovery of a dihydropyrimidine series of molecules that selectively mimic the biological actions of calcitonin.

    Matthews, Jay M / Liotta, Fina / Hageman, William / Rivero, Ralph A / Westover, Lori / Yang, Maria / Xu, Jun / Demarest, Keith

    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters

    2004  Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 1155–1159

    Abstract: The use of a multiplex mimetic assay led us to identify 1,4-dihydropyrimidines with potent and selective calcitonin receptor mimetic activity. Subsequent modification of the dihydropyrimidine scaffold led to a series of molecules that were efficacious in ...

    Abstract The use of a multiplex mimetic assay led us to identify 1,4-dihydropyrimidines with potent and selective calcitonin receptor mimetic activity. Subsequent modification of the dihydropyrimidine scaffold led to a series of molecules that were efficacious in a neonatal mouse calvaria in vitro model. Dihydropyrimidine 5h, in particular, was identified as a calcitonin mimetic (EC(50)=6 microM), active in-vivo in the Weanling rat model when administered subcutaneously.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Calcitonin/chemistry ; Calcitonin/physiology ; Calcitonin/urine ; Cell Line ; Dihydropyridines/chemistry ; Dihydropyridines/pharmacology ; Dihydropyridines/urine ; Humans ; Molecular Mimicry/physiology ; Pyrimidines/chemistry ; Pyrimidines/pharmacology ; Pyrimidines/urine ; Rats
    Chemical Substances Dihydropyridines ; Pyrimidines ; Calcitonin (9007-12-9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-03-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1063195-1
    ISSN 1464-3405 ; 0960-894X
    ISSN (online) 1464-3405
    ISSN 0960-894X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.071
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Validation of a cell-based screen for insulin receptor modulators by quantification of insulin receptor phosphorylation.

    Minor, Lisa K / Westover, Lori / Kong, Yan / Patel, Darpana / Wildey, Mary Jo / Conway, Bruce R / Demarest, Keith T

    Journal of biomolecular screening

    2003  Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) 439–446

    Abstract: Stimulation of a cell with insulin initiates a signal transduction cascade that results in cellular activities that include phosphorylation of the receptor itself. Measurement of the degree of phosphorylation can serve as a marker for receptor activation. ...

    Abstract Stimulation of a cell with insulin initiates a signal transduction cascade that results in cellular activities that include phosphorylation of the receptor itself. Measurement of the degree of phosphorylation can serve as a marker for receptor activation. Receptor phosphorylation has been measured using Western blot analysis, which is very low throughput and not easily quantifiable. The goal of this project was to develop a cell-based assay to measure receptor phosphorylation in high throughput. This report describes a cell-based assay for insulin receptor phosphorylation that is robust and amenable to high-volume screening in a microwell format.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer/methods ; Indicators and Reagents ; Insulin/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Indicators and Reagents ; Insulin ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor, Insulin (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Validation Studies
    ZDB-ID 1433680-7
    ISSN 1552-454X ; 1087-0571
    ISSN (online) 1552-454X
    ISSN 1087-0571
    DOI 10.1177/1087057103255280
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Design and characterization of optimized adenosine A₂A/A₁ receptor antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

    Shook, Brian C / Rassnick, Stefanie / Wallace, Nathaniel / Crooke, Jeffrey / Ault, Mark / Chakravarty, Devraj / Barbay, J Kent / Wang, Aihua / Powell, Mark T / Leonard, Kristi / Alford, Vernon / Scannevin, Robert H / Carroll, Karen / Lampron, Lisa / Westover, Lori / Lim, Heng-Keang / Russell, Ronald / Branum, Shawn / Wells, Kenneth M /
    Damon, Sandra / Youells, Scott / Li, Xun / Beauchamp, Derek A / Rhodes, Kenneth / Jackson, Paul F

    Journal of medicinal chemistry

    2012  Volume 55, Issue 3, Page(s) 1402–1417

    Abstract: The design and characterization of two, dual adenosine A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonists in several animal models of Parkinson's disease is described. Compound 1 was previously reported as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease. Further ... ...

    Abstract The design and characterization of two, dual adenosine A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonists in several animal models of Parkinson's disease is described. Compound 1 was previously reported as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease. Further characterization of 1 revealed that it was metabolized to reactive intermediates that caused the genotoxicity of 1 in the Ames and mouse lymphoma L51784 assays. The identification of the metabolites enabled the preparation of two optimized compounds 13 and 14 that were devoid of the metabolic liabilities associated with 1. Compounds 13 and 14 are potent dual A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonists that have excellent activity, after oral administration, across a number of animal models of Parkinson's disease including mouse and rat models of haloperidol-induced catalepsy, mouse and rat models of reserpine-induced akinesia, and the rat 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model of drug-induced rotation.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists/chemical synthesis ; Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacokinetics ; Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/chemical synthesis ; Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacokinetics ; Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Drug Design ; Female ; Indenes/chemical synthesis ; Indenes/pharmacokinetics ; Indenes/pharmacology ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Parkinsonian Disorders/chemically induced ; Parkinsonian Disorders/drug therapy ; Pyrimidines/chemical synthesis ; Pyrimidines/pharmacokinetics ; Pyrimidines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Chemical Substances 2-amino-8-(2-morpholinoethoxy)-4-phenyl-5H-indeno(1,2-d)pyrimidin-5-one ; 2-amino-8-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyl-5H-indeno(1,2-d)pyrimidin-5-one ; Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists ; Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists ; Indenes ; Pyrimidines ; Receptor, Adenosine A2A
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-02-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218133-2
    ISSN 1520-4804 ; 0022-2623
    ISSN (online) 1520-4804
    ISSN 0022-2623
    DOI 10.1021/jm201640m
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 7-azaindolyl-heteroaryl-maleimides as potent and selective glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) inhibitors.

    O'Neill, David J / Shen, Lan / Prouty, Catherine / Conway, Bruce R / Westover, Lori / Xu, Jun Z / Zhang, Han-Cheng / Maryanoff, Bruce E / Murray, William V / Demarest, Keith T / Kuo, Gee-Hong

    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    2004  Volume 12, Issue 12, Page(s) 3167–3185

    Abstract: Two approaches were developed to synthesize the novel 7-azaindolyl-heteroarylmaleimides. The first approach was based upon the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling or Stille cross-coupling of 2-chloro-maleimide 5 with various arylboronic acids or ... ...

    Abstract Two approaches were developed to synthesize the novel 7-azaindolyl-heteroarylmaleimides. The first approach was based upon the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling or Stille cross-coupling of 2-chloro-maleimide 5 with various arylboronic acids or arylstannanes. The second approach was based upon the condensation of ethyl 7-azaindolyl-3-glyoxylate 12 with various acetamides. The hydroxypropyl-substituted 7-azaindolylmaleimide template was first used to screen different heteroaryls attached to the maleimide. Replacement of hydroxypropyl with different chain lengths and different functional groups were studied next. Many compounds synthesized were demonstrated to have high potency at GSK-3beta, good GS activity in HEK293 cells and good to excellent metabolic stability in human liver microsomes. Three representative compounds (21, 33, and 34) were demonstrated to have good selectivity against a panel of 80 kinase assays. Among them, compound 33 exhibited very weak inhibitions at the other 79 kinase assays, and behaved as a highly selective GSK-3beta inhibitor.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Aza Compounds/chemical synthesis ; Aza Compounds/chemistry ; Aza Compounds/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Drug Design ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Humans ; Maleimides/chemical synthesis ; Maleimides/chemistry ; Maleimides/pharmacology ; Microsomes, Liver/drug effects ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Rabbits ; Substrate Specificity
    Chemical Substances Aza Compounds ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Maleimides ; maleimide (2519R1UGP8) ; GSK3B protein, human (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (EC 2.7.11.26)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-06-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1161284-8
    ISSN 1464-3391 ; 0968-0896
    ISSN (online) 1464-3391
    ISSN 0968-0896
    DOI 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.04.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel macrocyclic bis-7-azaindolylmaleimides as potent and highly selective glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta) inhibitors.

    Shen, Lan / Prouty, Catherine / Conway, Bruce R / Westover, Lori / Xu, Jun Z / Look, Richard A / Chen, Xin / Beavers, Mary Pat / Roberts, Jerry / Murray, William V / Demarest, Keith T / Kuo, Gee-Hong

    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    2004  Volume 12, Issue 5, Page(s) 1239–1255

    Abstract: Palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions were used to synthesize two key intermediates 3 and 5 that resulted in the synthesis of novel series of macrocyclic bis-7-azaindolylmaleimides. Among the three series of macrocycles, the oxygen atom and ... ...

    Abstract Palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions were used to synthesize two key intermediates 3 and 5 that resulted in the synthesis of novel series of macrocyclic bis-7-azaindolylmaleimides. Among the three series of macrocycles, the oxygen atom and thiophene containing linkers yielded molecules with higher inhibitory potency at GSK-3 beta (K(i)=0.011-0.079 microM) while the nitrogen atom containing linkers yielded molecules with lower potency (K(i)=0.150->1 microM). Compound 33 and 36 displayed 1-2 orders of magnitude selectivity at GSK-3 beta against CDK2, PKC beta II, Rsk3 and little or no inhibitions to the other 62 protein kinases. Compound 46 was at least 100-fold more selective towards GSK-3 beta than PKC beta II, and it had little or no activity against a panel of 65 protein kinases, almost behaved as a GSK-3 beta 'specific inhibitor'. All three compounds showed good potency in GS assay. Molecular docking studies were conducted in an attempt to rationalize the GSK-3 beta selectivity of azaindolylmaleimides. The high selectivity, inhibitory potency and cellular activities of these non-crown-ether typed molecules may provide them as a valuable pharmacological tools in elucidating the complex roles of GSK-3 beta in cell signaling pathways and the potential usage for the treatment of elevated level of GSK-3 beta involved diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Computer Simulation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Humans ; Maleimides/chemical synthesis ; Maleimides/chemistry ; Maleimides/pharmacology ; Protein Kinases/chemistry ; Protein Kinases/classification ; Protein Kinases/drug effects ; Sequence Alignment ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Chemical Substances Enzyme Inhibitors ; Maleimides ; Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-) ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (EC 2.7.11.26)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-03-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1161284-8
    ISSN 1464-3391 ; 0968-0896
    ISSN (online) 1464-3391
    ISSN 0968-0896
    DOI 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.09.047
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: In vivo characterization of a dual adenosine A2A/A1 receptor antagonist in animal models of Parkinson's disease.

    Shook, Brian C / Rassnick, Stefanie / Osborne, Melville C / Davis, Scott / Westover, Lori / Boulet, Jamie / Hall, Daniel / Rupert, Kenneth C / Heintzelman, Geoffrey R / Hansen, Kristin / Chakravarty, Devraj / Bullington, James L / Russell, Ronald / Branum, Shawn / Wells, Kenneth M / Damon, Sandra / Youells, Scott / Li, Xun / Beauchamp, Derek A /
    Palmer, David / Reyes, Mayra / Demarest, Keith / Tang, Yuting / Rhodes, Kenneth / Jackson, Paul F

    Journal of medicinal chemistry

    2010  Volume 53, Issue 22, Page(s) 8104–8115

    Abstract: The in vivo characterization of a dual adenosine A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonist in several animal models of Parkinson's disease is described. Discovery and scale-up syntheses of compound 1 are described in detail, highlighting optimization steps that ... ...

    Abstract The in vivo characterization of a dual adenosine A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonist in several animal models of Parkinson's disease is described. Discovery and scale-up syntheses of compound 1 are described in detail, highlighting optimization steps that increased the overall yield of 1 from 10.0% to 30.5%. Compound 1 is a potent A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonist in vitro (A(2A) K(i) = 4.1 nM; A(1) K(i) = 17.0 nM) that has excellent activity, after oral administration, across a number of animal models of Parkinson's disease including mouse and rat models of haloperidol-induced catalepsy, mouse model of reserpine-induced akinesia, rat 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model of drug-induced rotation, and MPTP-treated non-human primate model.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists/chemical synthesis ; Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacokinetics ; Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/chemical synthesis ; Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacokinetics ; Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Antiparkinson Agents/chemical synthesis ; Antiparkinson Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Antiparkinson Agents/pharmacology ; Callithrix ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Indenes/chemical synthesis ; Indenes/pharmacokinetics ; Indenes/pharmacology ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism ; Pyrimidines/chemical synthesis ; Pyrimidines/pharmacokinetics ; Pyrimidines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Adenosine A2A/physiology
    Chemical Substances 2-amino-4-phenyl-8-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-5H-indeno(1,2-d)pyrimidin-5-one ; Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists ; Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists ; Antiparkinson Agents ; Indenes ; Pyrimidines ; Receptor, Adenosine A2A
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-11-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218133-2
    ISSN 1520-4804 ; 0022-2623
    ISSN (online) 1520-4804
    ISSN 0022-2623
    DOI 10.1021/jm100971t
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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