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  1. AU="White, Andy"
  2. AU="Merlo, Juan"
  3. AU="Curling, P E"
  4. AU="Debraine, Arnaud"
  5. AU="Lambe, Cecile"
  6. AU="Jeong, Haneal"
  7. AU="Afaque, Syed Muhammad"
  8. AU=Layer Ryan M.
  9. AU="Rotaru, Luciana Teodora"
  10. AU="Nash, Kevin M"
  11. AU="Kubo, Sousuke"
  12. AU="Ingo Eitel"
  13. AU="van der Horst, A."
  14. AU="Di Mattia, A" AU="Di Mattia, A"
  15. AU="Di Pumpo, Marcello"
  16. AU="Doung, Yee-Cheen"
  17. AU="Saha, Moumita"
  18. AU="Wertz, Ashlee E"
  19. AU="Cowan, Michael J"
  20. AU=Togliatto Gabriele
  21. AU="Bassett, Dani S."
  22. AU="James Lemon"
  23. AU="Gros, Stephanie J"
  24. AU="Saeed Khademi"
  25. AU="Lallet-Daher, Helene"
  26. AU="Greenblatt, M"
  27. AU="Patwa, Ajay K"
  28. AU=Mastaglia F L
  29. AU="De Croock, Femke"
  30. AU=Robinson Michael J
  31. AU=Singh Romil
  32. AU="Martin, S J"
  33. AU="Szendrői, Miklós"
  34. AU="Moncel, Marie-Hélène"
  35. AU=Otu Akaninyene AU=Otu Akaninyene
  36. AU="Chiba, Kentaro"
  37. AU="Zhou, Jihua"
  38. AU="Ronald Bartels"
  39. AU="Liñares, J"
  40. AU="Valle, Valentina"
  41. AU="Tóth, András"
  42. AU="Pawar, Atul Darasing"
  43. AU="Semper, Chelsea"
  44. AU="Kraus, Joanne F"

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Treffer 1 - 10 von insgesamt 47

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  1. Artikel: The evolution of parasite virulence under targeted culling and harvesting in wildlife and livestock.

    O'Neill, Xander / White, Andy / Boots, Mike

    Evolutionary applications

    2023  Band 16, Heft 10, Seite(n) 1697–1707

    Abstract: There is a clear need to understand the effect of human intervention on the evolution of infectious disease. In particular, culling and harvesting of both wildlife and managed livestock populations are carried out in a wide range of management practices, ...

    Abstract There is a clear need to understand the effect of human intervention on the evolution of infectious disease. In particular, culling and harvesting of both wildlife and managed livestock populations are carried out in a wide range of management practices, and they have the potential to impact the evolution of a broad range of disease characteristics. Applying eco-evolutionary theory we show that once culling/harvesting becomes targeted on specific disease classes, the established result that culling selects for higher virulence is only found when sufficient infected individuals are culled. If susceptible or recovered individuals are targeted, selection for lower virulence can occur. An important implication of this result is that when culling to eradicate an infectious disease from a population, while it is optimal to target infected individuals, the consequent evolution can increase the basic reproductive ratio of the infection,
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-09-28
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2405496-3
    ISSN 1752-4563 ; 1752-4571
    ISSN (online) 1752-4563
    ISSN 1752-4571
    DOI 10.1111/eva.13594
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Buch: Going mad to stay sane

    White, Andy

    the psychology of self-destructive behaviour

    1996  

    Verfasserangabe Andy White
    Schlagwörter Self-Injurious Behavior / psychology
    Sprache Englisch
    Umfang 153 S.
    Verlag Duckworth
    Erscheinungsort London
    Erscheinungsland Vereinigtes Königreich
    Dokumenttyp Buch
    HBZ-ID HT007583636
    ISBN 0-7156-2748-1 ; 978-0-7156-2748-8
    Datenquelle Katalog ZB MED Medizin, Gesundheit

    Kategorien

    Verfügbar in ZB MED Köln/Königswinter

    SignaturLeihstatusStandort
    1997 A 5491 bestellbar zur Ausleihe Magazin

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  3. Artikel ; Online: The evolutionary dynamics of hyperparasites.

    Northrup, Graham R / White, Andy / Parratt, Steven R / Rozins, Carly / Laine, Anna-Liisa / Boots, Mike

    Journal of theoretical biology

    2024  Band 582, Seite(n) 111741

    Abstract: Evolutionary theory has typically focused on pairwise interactions, such as those between hosts and parasites, with relatively little work having been carried out on more complex interactions including hyperparasites: parasites of parasites. ... ...

    Abstract Evolutionary theory has typically focused on pairwise interactions, such as those between hosts and parasites, with relatively little work having been carried out on more complex interactions including hyperparasites: parasites of parasites. Hyperparasites are common in nature, with the chestnut blight fungus virus CHV-1 a well-known natural example, but also notably include the phages of important human bacterial diseases. We build a general modeling framework for the evolution of hyperparasites that highlights the central role that the ability of a hyperparasite to be transmitted with its parasite plays in their evolution. A key result is that hyperparasites which transmit with their parasite hosts (hitchhike) will be selected for lower virulence, trending towards hypermutualism or hypercommensalism. We examine the impact on the evolution of hyperparasite systems of a wide range of host and parasite traits showing, for example, that high parasite virulence selects for higher hyperparasite virulence resulting in reductions in parasite virulence when hyperparasitized. Furthermore, we show that acute parasite infection will also select for increased hyperparasite virulence. Our results have implications for hyperparasite research, both as biocontrol agents and for their role in shaping community ecology and evolution and moreover emphasize the importance of understanding evolution in the context of multitrophic interactions.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Humans ; Biological Evolution ; Models, Biological ; Parasites ; Ecology ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Host-Parasite Interactions
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-01-26
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2972-5
    ISSN 1095-8541 ; 0022-5193
    ISSN (online) 1095-8541
    ISSN 0022-5193
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111741
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Artikel ; Online: The Impact of Host Abundance on the Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Infection.

    O'Neill, Xander / White, Andy / Gortázar, Christian / Ruiz-Fons, Francisco

    Bulletin of mathematical biology

    2023  Band 85, Heft 4, Seite(n) 30

    Abstract: Tick-borne diseases are an increasing global public health concern due to an expanding geographical range and increase in abundance of tick-borne infectious agents. A potential explanation for the rising impact of tick-borne diseases is an increase in ... ...

    Abstract Tick-borne diseases are an increasing global public health concern due to an expanding geographical range and increase in abundance of tick-borne infectious agents. A potential explanation for the rising impact of tick-borne diseases is an increase in tick abundance which may be linked to an increase in density of the hosts on which they feed. In this study, we develop a model framework to understand the link between host density, tick demography and tick-borne pathogen epidemiology. Our model links the development of specific tick stages to the specific hosts on which they feed. We show that host community composition and host density have an impact on tick population dynamics and that this has a consequent impact on host and tick epidemiological dynamics. A key result is that our model framework can exhibit variation in host infection prevalence for a fixed density of one host type due to changes in density of other host types that support different tick life stages. Our findings suggest that host community composition may play a crucial role in explaining the variation in prevalence of tick-borne infections in hosts observed in the field.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Humans ; Ixodes ; Models, Biological ; Mathematical Concepts ; Tick-Borne Diseases/epidemiology
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-03-09
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 184905-0
    ISSN 1522-9602 ; 0007-4985 ; 0092-8240
    ISSN (online) 1522-9602
    ISSN 0007-4985 ; 0092-8240
    DOI 10.1007/s11538-023-01133-8
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Application of tetrad testing to the evaluation of blinding strategies for ancillary supplies used in controlled clinical trials.

    Dasnoy, Sébastien / Fouache, Maxime / White, Andy

    Clinical trials (London, England)

    2021  Band 18, Heft 6, Seite(n) 667–672

    Abstract: Background/aims: Ensuring verum and placebo cannot be visually distinguished from each other is a critical aspect of blinded controlled clinical trials. Our objective was to propose a rational approach to the visual evaluation of placebo matching ... ...

    Abstract Background/aims: Ensuring verum and placebo cannot be visually distinguished from each other is a critical aspect of blinded controlled clinical trials. Our objective was to propose a rational approach to the visual evaluation of placebo matching candidates.
    Methods: Verum and placebo samples were prepared in clear clinical ancillary supplies (intravenous bags, syringes and administration lines) covered at different levels using opaque sleeves. Triangle and tetrad tests, two sensory discriminative testing methods widely used in the food industry, were applied to assess visual differences between verum and placebo.
    Results: Triangle and tetrad test results allowed defining the level of opaque coverage required to ensure blinding for three biological drug molecules of therapeutic interest. While the limited number of panelists did not allow a statistically sound comparison of triangle and tetrad test methodologies, tetrad test has a theoretical higher power than triangle test, meaning fewer panelists are needed to reach the same statistical conclusion.
    Conclusion: Tetrad test offers a rational approach to define a blinding strategy for ancillary supplies used in a controlled clinical trial.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-09-08
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2138796-5
    ISSN 1740-7753 ; 1740-7745
    ISSN (online) 1740-7753
    ISSN 1740-7745
    DOI 10.1177/17407745211044119
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  6. Artikel: Emergency powers and the pandemic: Reflecting on state legislative reforms and the future of public health response.

    Davis, Maggie / Dedon, Lauren / Hoffman, Stacey / Baker-White, Andy / Engleman, David / Sunshine, Gregory

    Journal of emergency management (Weston, Mass.)

    2023  Band 21, Heft 7 (Spec Issue: Research and Applied Science: COVID-19 Pandemic Response), Seite(n) 19–35

    Abstract: The first 2 years of combatting the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated an unprecedented use of emergency powers. States responded with an equally unprecedented flurry of legislative changes to the legal underpinnings of emergency response and public health ... ...

    Abstract The first 2 years of combatting the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated an unprecedented use of emergency powers. States responded with an equally unprecedented flurry of legislative changes to the legal underpinnings of emergency response and public health authorities. In this article, we provide a brief background on the framework and use of governors and state health officials' emergency powers. We then analyze several key themes, including both the enhancement and restriction of powers, emerging from emergency management and public health legislation introduced in state and territorial legislatures. During the 2020 and 2021 state and territorial legislative sessions, we tracked legislation related to the emergency powers of governors and state health officials. Legislators introduced hundreds of bills impacting these powers, some enhancing and others restricting emergency powers. Enhancements included increasing vaccine access and expanding the pool of eligible medical professions that could administer vaccinations, strengthening public health investigation and enforcement authority for state agencies, and preclusion of local orders by orders at the state level. Restrictions included establishing oversight mechanisms for executive actions, limits on the duration of the emergency, limiting the scope of emergency powers allowed during a declared emergency, and other restraints. By -describing these legislative trends, we hope to inform governors, state health officials, -policymakers, and emergency managers about how changes in the law may impact future public health and emergency response capabilities. Understanding this new legal landscape is critical to effectively preparing for future threats.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; United States ; Public Health ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; State Government
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-05-08
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2799989-0
    ISSN 1543-5865
    ISSN 1543-5865
    DOI 10.5055/jem.0772
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  7. Artikel: A temporal refuge from predation can change the outcome of prey species competition

    Slade, Andrew / White, Andy / Lurz, Peter W. W. / Shuttleworth, Craig / Lambin, Xavier

    Oikos. 2022 Sept., v. 2022, no. 9

    2022  

    Abstract: Generalist predators whose primary prey undergoes cyclic fluctuations, will predate on alternate food sources when the abundance of their primary prey is low. In this paper we have developed a general model of a predator that switches predation between ... ...

    Abstract Generalist predators whose primary prey undergoes cyclic fluctuations, will predate on alternate food sources when the abundance of their primary prey is low. In this paper we have developed a general model of a predator that switches predation between its primary prey and two alternative, competing, prey species. When the predators primary prey is at high abundance, predation of the alternate, competing, prey species is low, which provides periods of temporal refuge for the alternate prey from predation. When the inter‐specific interactions between the competing prey species lead to different dynamical outcomes in the presence and absence of predation, increasing the duration of the temporal refuge promotes dominance of a competitively superior species that is vulnerable to predation. The general theoretical framework was extended to consider a key case study system of pine marten predation on red and grey squirrels. In the absence of predation, grey squirrels out‐compete red squirrels but preferential predation by pine marten on grey squirrels can suppress grey squirrel density and allow red squirrel recovery. A temporal refuge for both squirrel species can arise due to prey switching by pine marten in years when field voles, their primary prey in the UK, are abundant. The duration of the temporal refuge, quantified as the relative length of the multi‐annual vole population cycle where vole density is above a population threshold, is a critical factor determining the persistence of red and grey squirrels. Our findings therefore provide insights for the conservation of the endangered red squirrel in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and more generally on the influence of the population dynamics of primary prey species in determining community composition.
    Schlagwörter Martes martes ; case studies ; community structure ; models ; population dynamics ; predation ; prey species ; squirrels ; voles ; Irish Republic
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2022-09
    Erscheinungsort Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    Anmerkung JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 207359-6
    ISSN 0030-1299
    ISSN 0030-1299
    DOI 10.1111/oik.08565
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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    Verfügbar in ZB MED Bonn

    Z 4824: Hefte anzeigen

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  8. Artikel ; Online: Cash alone will not slow forest carbon emissions.

    White, Andy

    Nature

    2011  Band 471, Heft 7338, Seite(n) 267

    Mesh-Begriff(e) Carbon/economics ; Carbon/metabolism ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Developing Countries/economics ; Forestry/economics ; Forestry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Forestry/methods ; Greenhouse Effect/economics ; Greenhouse Effect/prevention & control ; Trees/metabolism
    Chemische Substanzen Carbon (7440-44-0)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2011-03-17
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp News
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/471267a
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  9. Artikel ; Online: A Predictive Modeling Approach to Support the Overfill Volume Definition of Liquid-in-Vial Drug Products.

    Dasnoy, Sébastien / Simonin, Laura / Radulovic, Soizic / White, Andy / Decoster, Jean-François / Denis, Laurence

    PDA journal of pharmaceutical science and technology

    2022  Band 76, Heft 5, Seite(n) 384–394

    Abstract: Liquid-in-vial drug products are typically overfilled to meet the label claim volume specification while taking into account losses in the container-closure system and withdrawal device. Any overfill volume setting requires justification. The aim of this ...

    Abstract Liquid-in-vial drug products are typically overfilled to meet the label claim volume specification while taking into account losses in the container-closure system and withdrawal device. Any overfill volume setting requires justification. The aim of this study was to estimate the overfill volume required for a liquid drug product in a vial using a prediction model. Glass vials sized from 2R to 20R capacity were filled with sorbitol-based aqueous solutions having a viscosity at 20°C ranging from 1 to 40 mPa·s. Viscosity and vial neck diameter were shown to be the main contributors to the hold-up volume of sorbitol-based aqueous solutions in vial and withdrawal syringe. The hold-up volume of various molecules of therapeutic interest was successfully estimated using a model built from sorbitol-based aqueous solutions data. A total variability approach is proposed for estimating the overfill volume of liquid-in-vial drug products, taking into account the product hold-up volume in vial and withdrawal syringe, the filling variability, and the extractable volume test variability. This prediction model could provide a first guess of the fill volume range to be tested to support overfill volume definition.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Drug Packaging ; Glass ; Sorbitol ; Viscosity ; Water
    Chemische Substanzen Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Sorbitol (506T60A25R)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-01-14
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1205009-x
    ISSN 1948-2124 ; 0277-3406 ; 1076-397X ; 0279-7976 ; 1079-7440
    ISSN (online) 1948-2124
    ISSN 0277-3406 ; 1076-397X ; 0279-7976 ; 1079-7440
    DOI 10.5731/pdajpst.2021.012658
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  10. Artikel: Natural strongholds for red squirrel conservation in Scotland

    Slade, Andrew / White, Andy / Kortland, Kenny / Lurz, Peter W.W.

    Nature conservation. 2021 Apr. 09, v. 43

    2021  

    Abstract: The Eurasian Red Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) is under threat from the invasive North American eastern Grey Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) with 80% of the remaining red squirrel populations in the British Isles found in Scotland. In this study we develop ...

    Abstract The Eurasian Red Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) is under threat from the invasive North American eastern Grey Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) with 80% of the remaining red squirrel populations in the British Isles found in Scotland. In this study we develop a spatially explicit mathematical model of the red and grey squirrel system and use it to assess the population viability of red squirrels across Scotland. In particular, we aim to identify existing forests – natural strongholds for red squirrels – that can successfully support red squirrels under UK Forestry Standard management and protect them from potential disease-mediated competition from grey squirrels. Our model results indicate that if current levels of grey squirrel control, which restrict or reduce the distribution of grey squirrels, are continued then there will be large expanses of forests in northern Scotland that support viable red squirrel populations. Model results that represent (hypothetical) scenarios where grey squirrel control no longer occurred indicated that grey squirrel range expansion and the process of red squirrel replacement would be slow. Model results for an assumed worst-case scenario where grey squirrels have expanded to all regions in Scotland identified forest regions – denoted natural strongholds – that could currently support red squirrels under UK Forestry Standard management practice. The results will be used to inform forest management policy and support a strategic review of red squirrel management by land management agencies and other stakeholders.
    Schlagwörter Sciurus carolinensis ; Sciurus vulgaris ; forest management ; forests ; issues and policy ; land management ; mathematical models ; natural resources conservation ; population viability ; squirrels ; stakeholders ; Scotland
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2021-0409
    Umfang p. 93-108.
    Erscheinungsort Pensoft Publishers
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 2667603-5
    ISSN 1314-3301
    ISSN 1314-3301
    DOI 10.3897/natureconservation.43.62864
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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