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  1. Article: Recent Trends in Unpasteurized Fluid Milk Outbreaks, Legalization, and Consumption in the United States.

    Whitehead, Joanne / Lake, Bryony

    PLoS currents

    2018  Volume 10

    Abstract: Introduction: Determining the potential risk of foodborne illness has become critical for informing policy decisions, due to the increasing availability and popularity of unpasteurized (raw) milk.: Methods: Trends in foodborne illnesses reported to ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Determining the potential risk of foodborne illness has become critical for informing policy decisions, due to the increasing availability and popularity of unpasteurized (raw) milk.
    Methods: Trends in foodborne illnesses reported to the Centers for Disease Control in the United States from 2005 to 2016 were analyzed, with comparison to state legal status and to consumption, as estimated by licensing records.
    Results: The rate of unpasteurized milk-associated outbreaks has been declining since 2010, despite increasing legal distribution. Controlling for growth in population and consumption, the outbreak rate has effectively decreased by 74% since 2005.
    Discussion: Studies of the role of on-farm food safety programs to promote the further reduction of unpasteurized milk outbreaks should be initiated, to investigate the efficacy of such risk management tools.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2583641-9
    ISSN 2157-3999
    ISSN 2157-3999
    DOI 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.bae5a0fd685616839c9cf857792730d1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Intestinal alkaline phosphatase: the molecular link between rosacea and gastrointestinal disease?

    Whitehead, Joanne

    Medical hypotheses

    2009  Volume 73, Issue 6, Page(s) 1019–1022

    Abstract: Rosacea is a common inflammatory condition of the facial skin of unknown etiology, which frequently occurs in combination with gastrointestinal disorders. Many dietary and hormonal factors are known to affect the severity of rosacea symptoms, several of ... ...

    Abstract Rosacea is a common inflammatory condition of the facial skin of unknown etiology, which frequently occurs in combination with gastrointestinal disorders. Many dietary and hormonal factors are known to affect the severity of rosacea symptoms, several of which also modulate the activity of the enzyme intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP). The role of IAP in inhibiting an inflammatory response to intestinal bacteria suggests a mechanism by which intestinal pathologies may be linked to the skin inflammation characteristic of rosacea. Analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity is routinely performed on blood samples, and methods to quantify enzyme activity of the intestinal isoform specifically have been described. Correlations between IAP activity and rosacea symptoms in patients and controls can thus be screened by noninvasive and inexpensive means. If IAP activity is found to be low in rosacea patients, acute symptoms could be treated with oral IAP supplementation, and trials of IAP-activating medications currently used in gastrointestinal disease could be initiated in rosacea patients. More importantly, the safe and long-term control of rosacea could be undertaken by patients themselves through dietary modification to naturally increase IAP activity.
    MeSH term(s) Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/enzymology ; Humans ; Intestines/enzymology ; Models, Theoretical ; Rosacea/enzymology
    Chemical Substances Alkaline Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193145-3
    ISSN 1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
    ISSN (online) 1532-2777
    ISSN 0306-9877
    DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.02.049
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Mental health and other factors associated with work productivity after injury in the UK: multicentre cohort study.

    Kellezi, Blerina / Dhiman, Paula / Coupland, Carol / Whitehead, Joanne / Morriss, Richard / Joseph, Stephen / Beckett, Kate / Sleney, Jude / Barnes, Jo / Kendrick, Denise

    Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention

    2021  Volume 28, Issue 2, Page(s) 131–140

    Abstract: Introduction: Mental health conditions are a major contributor to productivity loss and are common after injury. This study quantifies postinjury productivity loss and its association with preinjury and postinjury mental health, injury, demographic, ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Mental health conditions are a major contributor to productivity loss and are common after injury. This study quantifies postinjury productivity loss and its association with preinjury and postinjury mental health, injury, demographic, health, social and other factors.
    Methods: Multicentre, longitudinal study recruiting hospitalised employed individuals aged 16-69 years with unintentional injuries, followed up at 1, 2, 4 and 12 months. Participants completed questionnaires on injury, demographic factors, health (including mental health), social factors, other factors and on-the-job productivity upon return to work (RTW). ORs were estimated for above median productivity loss using random effects logistic regression.
    Results: 217 adults had made an RTW at 2, 4 or 12 months after injury: 29% at 2 months, 66% at 4 months and 83% at 12 months. Productivity loss reduced over time: 3.3% of working time at 2 months, 1.7% at 4 months, 1% at 12 months. Significantly higher productivity loss was associated with preinjury psychiatric conditions (OR 21.40, 95% CI 3.50 to 130.78) and post-traumatic stress avoidance symptoms at 1 month (OR for 1-unit increase in score 1.15, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.22). Significantly lower productivity loss was associated with male gender (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.74), upper and lower limb injuries (vs other body regions, OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.81) and sports injuries (vs home, OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.78). Preinjury psychiatric conditions and gender remained significant in analysis of multiply imputed data.
    Conclusions: Unintentional injury results in substantial productivity loss. Females, those with preinjury psychiatric conditions and those with post-traumatic stress avoidance symptoms experience greater productivity loss and may require additional support to enable successful RTW.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mental Health ; Prospective Studies ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1433667-4
    ISSN 1475-5785 ; 1353-8047
    ISSN (online) 1475-5785
    ISSN 1353-8047
    DOI 10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044311
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Regulation of the mammalian epigenome by long noncoding RNAs.

    Whitehead, Joanne / Pandey, Gaurav Kumar / Kanduri, Chandrasekhar

    Biochimica et biophysica acta

    2009  Volume 1790, Issue 9, Page(s) 936–947

    Abstract: Genomic analyses have demonstrated that although less than 2% of the mammalian genome encodes proteins, at least two thirds is transcribed. Many nontranslated RNAs have now been characterized, and several long transcripts, ranging from 0.5 to over 100 kb, ...

    Abstract Genomic analyses have demonstrated that although less than 2% of the mammalian genome encodes proteins, at least two thirds is transcribed. Many nontranslated RNAs have now been characterized, and several long transcripts, ranging from 0.5 to over 100 kb, have been shown to regulate gene expression by modifying chromatin structure. Functions uncovered at a few well characterized loci demonstrate a wide diversity of mechanisms by which long noncoding RNAs can regulate chromatin over a single promoter, a gene cluster, or an entire chromosome, in order to activate or silence genes in cis or in trans. In reviewing the activities of these ncRNAs, we will look for common features in their interactions with the chromatin modifying machinery, and highlight new experimental approaches by which to address outstanding issues in ncRNA-dependent regulation of gene expression in development, disease and evolution.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Chromatin/chemistry ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; RNA, Antisense/physiology ; RNA, Untranslated/physiology ; Receptor, IGF Type 2/genetics
    Chemical Substances Chromatin ; RNA, Antisense ; RNA, Untranslated ; Receptor, IGF Type 2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 60-7
    ISSN 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
    ISSN (online) 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
    ISSN 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.10.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The long and the short of it: RNA-directed chromatin asymmetry in mammalian X-chromosome inactivation.

    Kanduri, Chandrasekhar / Whitehead, Joanne / Mohammad, Faizaan

    FEBS letters

    2009  Volume 583, Issue 5, Page(s) 857–864

    Abstract: Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation is controlled by a multilayered silencing pathway involving both short and long non-coding RNAs, which differentially recruit the epigenetic machinery to establish chromatin asymmetries. In response to developmentally ... ...

    Abstract Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation is controlled by a multilayered silencing pathway involving both short and long non-coding RNAs, which differentially recruit the epigenetic machinery to establish chromatin asymmetries. In response to developmentally regulated small RNAs, dicer, a key effector of RNA interference, locally silences Xist on the active X-chromosome and establishes the heterochromatin conformation along the silent X-chromosome. The 1.6 kb RepA RNA initiates silencing by targeting the PRC2 polycomb complex to the inactive X-chromosome. In addition, the nuclear microenvironment is implicated in the initiation and maintenance of X-chromosome asymmetries. Here we review new findings involving these various RNA species in terms of understanding Xist gene regulation and the establishment of X-chromosome inactivation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Chromatin/genetics ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA/genetics ; RNA/metabolism ; X Chromosome Inactivation/genetics
    Chemical Substances Chromatin ; RNA (63231-63-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-03-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 212746-5
    ISSN 1873-3468 ; 0014-5793
    ISSN (online) 1873-3468
    ISSN 0014-5793
    DOI 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.02.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: CTCF regulates asynchronous replication of the imprinted H19/Igf2 domain.

    Bergström, Rosita / Whitehead, Joanne / Kurukuti, Sreenivasulu / Ohlsson, Rolf

    Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)

    2007  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 450–454

    Abstract: Asynchronous replication during S phase is a universal characteristic of genomically imprinted genes. Replication timing in imprinted domains is determined epigenetically, as it is parent of origin specific, and is seen in the absence of sequence ... ...

    Abstract Asynchronous replication during S phase is a universal characteristic of genomically imprinted genes. Replication timing in imprinted domains is determined epigenetically, as it is parent of origin specific, and is seen in the absence of sequence divergence between the two alleles. At the imprinted H19/Igf2 domain, the methylated paternal allele replicates early while the CTCF-bound maternal allele replicates late during S phase. CTCF regulates the allele-specific epigenetic characteristics of this domain, including methylation, transcription and chromosome conformation. Here we show that maternal, but not paternal inheritance of a mutated H19 imprinting control region, lacking functional CTCF binding sites, underlies a late to early switch in replication timing of the maternal H19/Igf2 domain.
    MeSH term(s) Alleles ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CCCTC-Binding Factor ; Chromosomes, Mammalian ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology ; Genomic Imprinting ; Inheritance Patterns/physiology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/chemistry ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/chemistry ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/physiology ; S Phase/genetics ; S Phase/physiology
    Chemical Substances CCCTC-Binding Factor ; Ctcf protein, mouse ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; H19 long non-coding RNA ; IGF2 protein, mouse ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated ; Repressor Proteins ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II (67763-97-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2146183-1
    ISSN 1551-4005 ; 1538-4101 ; 1554-8627
    ISSN (online) 1551-4005
    ISSN 1538-4101 ; 1554-8627
    DOI 10.4161/cc.6.4.3854
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Mechanical factors activate beta-catenin-dependent oncogene expression in APC mouse colon.

    Whitehead, Joanne / Vignjevic, Danijela / Fütterer, Claus / Beaurepaire, Emmanuel / Robine, Sylvie / Farge, Emmanuel

    HFSP journal

    2008  Volume 2, Issue 5, Page(s) 286–294

    Abstract: beta-catenin acts as a critical regulator of gastrointestinal homeostasis through its control of the Wnt signaling pathway, and genetic or epigenetic lesions which activate Wnt signaling are the primary feature of colon cancer. beta-catenin is also a key ...

    Abstract beta-catenin acts as a critical regulator of gastrointestinal homeostasis through its control of the Wnt signaling pathway, and genetic or epigenetic lesions which activate Wnt signaling are the primary feature of colon cancer. beta-catenin is also a key element of mechanotranscription pathways, leading to upregulation of master developmental gene expression during Drosophila gastrulation, or regulating mammalian bone development and maintenance. Here we investigate the impact of mechanical stimulation on the initiation of colon cancer. Myc and Twist1, two oncogenes regulated through beta-catenin, are expressed in response to transient compression in APC deficient (APC(1638N+)) colon tissue explants, but not in wild-type colon explants. Mechanical stimulation of APC(1638N+) tissue leads to the phosphorylation of beta-catenin at tyrosine 654, the site of interaction with E-cadherin, as well as to increased nuclear localization of beta-catenin. The mechanical activation of Myc and Twist1 expression in APC(1638N+) colon can be prevented by blocking beta-catenin phosphorylation using Src kinase inhibitors. Microenvironmental signals are known to cooperate with genetic lesions to promote the nuclear beta-catenin accumulation which drives colon cancer. Here we demonstrate that when APC is limiting, mechanical strain, such as that associated with intestinal transit or tumor growth, can be interpreted by cells of preneoplastic colon tissue as a signal to initiate a beta-catenin dependent transcriptional program characteristic of cancer.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-07-09
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2277026-4
    ISSN 1955-205X ; 1955-2068
    ISSN (online) 1955-205X
    ISSN 1955-2068
    DOI 10.2976/1.2955566
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  8. Article: Epigenetic variability and the evolution of human cancer.

    Ohlsson, Rolf / Kanduri, Chandrasekhar / Whitehead, Joanne / Pfeifer, Susan / Lobanenkov, Victor / Feinberg, Andrew P

    Advances in cancer research

    2003  Volume 88, Page(s) 145–168

    Abstract: Although the leading dogma for the origin of the diversity in cancer cell subpopulations is based on a stepwise selection and accumulation of genetic changes that allow uncontrollable malignant growth, there is an emerging understanding that the ... ...

    Abstract Although the leading dogma for the origin of the diversity in cancer cell subpopulations is based on a stepwise selection and accumulation of genetic changes that allow uncontrollable malignant growth, there is an emerging understanding that the variability of heritable phenotypes in cancer and cancer-prone cells may also involve epigenetic mechanisms. We discuss here experimental data that allow us to postulate that the genome is organized into epigenetic territories with lineage-specific differences in the stringencies of the active and inactive states. Low-stringency epigenetic states are predicted to be closer to mosaicism, or chaos, than high-stringency states. In pathological situations, the result is an epigenetic variability upon which selection mechanisms can act during tumor progression. This view may have significant implications on clinical assessment and prognosis, and also suggests that major factors involved in the resetting and/or maintenance of epigenetic states may serve as new attractive targets for therapeutic interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; CpG Islands ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Mosaicism ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Nonlinear Dynamics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-03-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 127-2
    ISSN 2162-5557 ; 0065-230X
    ISSN (online) 2162-5557
    ISSN 0065-230X
    DOI 10.1016/s0065-230x(03)88306-9
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  9. Article: The genomic sequence of the bovine T cell receptor gamma TRG loci and localization of the TRGC5 cassette.

    Conrad, Melanie L / Mawer, Melanie A / Lefranc, Marie-Paule / McKinnell, Linda / Whitehead, Joanne / Davis, Scott K / Pettman, Rachel / Koop, Ben F

    Veterinary immunology and immunopathology

    2007  Volume 115, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 346–356

    Abstract: The bovine and ovine TRG genes have previously been shown to be located in two loci, TRG1 and TRG2, in contrast to human and mouse TRG genes that are located in a single locus. The bovine TRG1 and TRG2 loci are located on chromosome 4 at 4q3.1 and 4q1.5- ... ...

    Abstract The bovine and ovine TRG genes have previously been shown to be located in two loci, TRG1 and TRG2, in contrast to human and mouse TRG genes that are located in a single locus. The bovine TRG1 and TRG2 loci are located on chromosome 4 at 4q3.1 and 4q1.5-2.2, respectively. The complete genomic organization of the two bovine loci is described: each locus comprises three cassettes, each one includes one or several variable genes (TRGV) and one or several joining genes (TRGJ) preceding a constant (TRGC) gene. The location of the TRGC5 cassette is conclusively described in 5' of the TRG1 locus. Analysis of 17 TRGV belonging to 10 different subgroups, 8 TRGJ and 6 TRGC genes is conducted which comprises the most comprehensive list to date.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle/genetics ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA/chemistry ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Library ; Genes, T-Cell Receptor gamma/genetics ; Genome/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Chemical Substances DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-02-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 754160-0
    ISSN 1873-2534 ; 0165-2427
    ISSN (online) 1873-2534
    ISSN 0165-2427
    DOI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.10.019
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  10. Article ; Online: Mechanical induction of the tumorigenic β-catenin pathway by tumour growth pressure.

    Fernández-Sánchez, María Elena / Barbier, Sandrine / Whitehead, Joanne / Béalle, Gaëlle / Michel, Aude / Latorre-Ossa, Heldmuth / Rey, Colette / Fouassier, Laura / Claperon, Audrey / Brullé, Laura / Girard, Elodie / Servant, Nicolas / Rio-Frio, Thomas / Marie, Hélène / Lesieur, Sylviane / Housset, Chantal / Gennisson, Jean-Luc / Tanter, Mickaël / Ménager, Christine /
    Fre, Silvia / Robine, Sylvie / Farge, Emmanuel

    Nature

    2015  Volume 523, Issue 7558, Page(s) 92–95

    Abstract: The tumour microenvironment may contribute to tumorigenesis owing to mechanical forces such as fibrotic stiffness or mechanical pressure caused by the expansion of hyper-proliferative cells. Here we explore the contribution of the mechanical pressure ... ...

    Abstract The tumour microenvironment may contribute to tumorigenesis owing to mechanical forces such as fibrotic stiffness or mechanical pressure caused by the expansion of hyper-proliferative cells. Here we explore the contribution of the mechanical pressure exerted by tumour growth onto non-tumorous adjacent epithelium. In the early stage of mouse colon tumour development in the Notch(+)Apc(+/1638N) mouse model, we observed mechanistic pressure stress in the non-tumorous epithelial cells caused by hyper-proliferative adjacent crypts overexpressing active Notch, which is associated with increased Ret and β-catenin signalling. We thus developed a method that allows the delivery of a defined mechanical pressure in vivo, by subcutaneously inserting a magnet close to the mouse colon. The implanted magnet generated a magnetic force on ultra-magnetic liposomes, stabilized in the mesenchymal cells of the connective tissue surrounding colonic crypts after intravenous injection. The magnetically induced pressure quantitatively mimicked the endogenous early tumour growth stress in the order of 1,200 Pa, without affecting tissue stiffness, as monitored by ultrasound strain imaging and shear wave elastography. The exertion of pressure mimicking that of tumour growth led to rapid Ret activation and downstream phosphorylation of β-catenin on Tyr654, imparing its interaction with the E-cadherin in adherens junctions, and which was followed by β-catenin nuclear translocation after 15 days. As a consequence, increased expression of β-catenin-target genes was observed at 1 month, together with crypt enlargement accompanying the formation of early tumorous aberrant crypt foci. Mechanical activation of the tumorigenic β-catenin pathway suggests unexplored modes of tumour propagation based on mechanical signalling pathways in healthy epithelial cells surrounding the tumour, which may contribute to tumour heterogeneity.
    MeSH term(s) Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Epithelial Cells/pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Magnets ; Male ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphorylation ; Pressure ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret/metabolism ; Receptors, Notch/genetics ; Receptors, Notch/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Microenvironment ; beta Catenin/genetics ; beta Catenin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Notch ; beta Catenin ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Ret protein, mouse (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-07-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/nature14329
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