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Article ; Online: Dioxin-like Activity in Pregnant Women and Indices of Fetal Growth: The ACCEPT Birth Cohort.

Long, Manhai / Wielsøe, Maria / Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: Exposure to lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (lipPOPs) elicits a number of species- and tissue-specific toxic responses, many of which involve the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This study aims to measure the combined serum dioxin-like activity ...

Abstract	Exposure to lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (lipPOPs) elicits a number of species- and tissue-specific toxic responses, many of which involve the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This study aims to measure the combined serum dioxin-like activity of lipPOPs in Greenlandic Inuit pregnant women and the associations with fetal growth indices. The combined dioxin-like activity of serum lipPOPs extracts was determined using the AhR reporter gene bioassay and expressed as pico-gram (pg) TCDD equivalent (TEQ) per gram serum lipid [AhR-TEQ (pg/g lipid)]. Significant AhR-TEQ was found in >87% of serum samples with the median level of 86.2 pg TEQ/g lipid. The AhR-TEQ level positively correlated with the marine food intake biomarker n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio, while negatively correlated with body mass index and parity. Women giving birth to infants with low birth weight (<2500 g) and length (<50 cm) had higher AhR-TEQ level compared to those with normal weight and length infants. For previous smokers, we found significant inverse associations between maternal AhR-TEQ level and fetal growth indices. In conclusion, exposure of Greenlandic Inuit pregnant women to dioxin-like compounds through traditional marine food can adversely influence the fetal growth via induced AhR activity. Smoking might have modifying effects.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2733883-6
ISSN	2305-6304 ; 2305-6304
ISSN (online)	2305-6304
ISSN	2305-6304
DOI	10.3390/toxics10010026
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Article ; Online: Maternal serum dioxin-like activity and gestational age at birth and indices of foetal growth: The Aarhus birth cohort

Long, Manhai / Wielsøe, Maria / Bech, Bodil Hammer / Henriksen, Tine Brink / Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie

Science of the Total Environment. 2023 Nov., v. 897 p.165286-

2023

Abstract: Human exposure to lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (lipPOP) is ubiquitous and life-long, beginning during foetal development. Exposure to lipPOP elicits a number of species and tissue specific responses including dioxin-like activity which ... ...

Abstract	Human exposure to lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (lipPOP) is ubiquitous and life-long, beginning during foetal development. Exposure to lipPOP elicits a number of species and tissue specific responses including dioxin-like activity which involve the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This study aims i) to describe the combined dioxin-like activity in serum from Danish pregnant women collected during 2011–2013; ii) to assess the association between maternal serum dioxin-like activity, gestational age at birth and foetal growth indices. The serum lipPOP fraction was extracted using Solid Phase Extraction and cleaned-up on Supelco multi-layer silica and florisil columns. The combined dioxin-like activity of the extract was determined using the AhR reporter gene bioassay, expressed as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxic equivalent (TEQ) [AhR-TEQ (pg/g lipid)]. The associations of AhR-TEQ and foetal growth indices (birth weight, birth length and head circumference) and gestational age were assessed by linear regression models. We detected AhR-TEQ in 93.9 % of maternal first trimester serum samples, with a median level of 185 pg/g lipid. Each ln-unit increase in AhR-TEQ was associated with an increase in birth weight of 36 g (95 % CI: 5; 68), birth length of 0.2 cm (95 % CI: 0.01; 0.3) and pregnancy duration of 1 day (95 % CI: 0; 1.5). In women who never smoked, higher AhR-TEQ values were associated with higher birth weight and longer duration of gestation, while in smokers the association was the opposite. Mediation analyses suggested that gestational age may mediate the association of AhR-TEQ with foetal growth indices. We conclude that AhR activating substances are present in the bloodstream of almost all pregnant women in Denmark and the AhR-TEQ level was around four times higher than previously reported. The AhR-TEQ was associated with slightly longer gestational duration and thereby higher birth weight and birth length.
Keywords	aryl hydrocarbon receptors ; bioassays ; birth weight ; blood flow ; blood serum ; environment ; gestational age ; head circumference ; humans ; lipids ; lipophilicity ; pregnancy ; regression analysis ; reporter genes ; silica ; solid phase extraction ; tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ; toxicity ; Denmark ; ABC ; AhR ; BMI ; β-HCH ; DAG ; DDT ; DLC ; EDC ; HCB ; lipPOP ; LOD ; OCP ; PBDE ; PAH ; PCA ; PC ; PCB ; PCDD ; PCDF ; PCN ; POP ; p,p’-DDE ; RLU ; SC ; SD ; SPE ; TCDD ; TEF ; TEQ ; Persistent organic pollutants ; Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ; Pregnant women ; Foetal growth indices ; Gestational age at birth
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-11
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165286
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Article ; Online: Time Trend of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals in Greenlandic Inuit during 1994-2015.

Long, Manhai / Wielsøe, Maria / Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 5

Abstract: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organchlorine pesticides and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and heavy metals bioaccumulate in the marine food chain in the Arctic regions, and thus, the Greenlandic ... ...

Abstract	Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organchlorine pesticides and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and heavy metals bioaccumulate in the marine food chain in the Arctic regions, and thus, the Greenlandic population has a higher body burden due to relatively high intake of marine mammals. We assessed the temporal trend for POPs, including PCB 153; 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE); oxychlordane; six PFASs; mercury; lead and selenium in Inuit from Ilulissat, Nuuk, and across Greenland (including thirteen towns/districts), from 1994 to 2015. Data showed a significant annual decrease of 6.85-8.61% for PCB153, 6.67-8.61% for p,p'-DDE, 6.11-9.52% for oxychlordane, 5.92-6.76% for mercury and 6.48-9.43% for lead in Inuit women from Nuuk, Ilulissat, and across thirteen Greenlandic districts. The blood selenium level of all Greenlandic women increased 1.01% annually, while the trend direction was negative for Nuuk women. A similar pattern was seen for men across Greenland, with a yearly decrease of 11.3% for PCB 153, 8.61% for p,p'-DDE, 15.6% for oxychlordane, 13.1% for mercury and 12.2% for lead. Perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorohexane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid significantly decreased 5.82-11.7% annually for both women and men across Greenland. For perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluoroundecanoic acid, we observed an increasing trend for women across Greenland. In conclusion, there was a decreasing trend of the regulated POPs and metals but a potential increasing trend of the nonregulated PFASs in the Greenlandic population between 1994 and 2015. The continuing biomonitoring of contaminants of concern is important to protect the Arctic population heath.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Environmental Pollutants ; Female ; Greenland ; Humans ; Inuit ; Male ; Persistent Organic Pollutants ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DFC2HB4I0K)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18052774
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Article ; Online: Maternal serum dioxin-like activity and gestational age at birth and indices of foetal growth: The Aarhus birth cohort.

Long, Manhai / Wielsøe, Maria / Bech, Bodil Hammer / Henriksen, Tine Brink / Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 897, Page(s) 165286

Abstract	Human exposure to lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (lipPOP) is ubiquitous and life-long, beginning during foetal development. Exposure to lipPOP elicits a number of species and tissue specific responses including dioxin-like activity which involve the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This study aims i) to describe the combined dioxin-like activity in serum from Danish pregnant women collected during 2011-2013; ii) to assess the association between maternal serum dioxin-like activity, gestational age at birth and foetal growth indices. The serum lipPOP fraction was extracted using Solid Phase Extraction and cleaned-up on Supelco multi-layer silica and florisil columns. The combined dioxin-like activity of the extract was determined using the AhR reporter gene bioassay, expressed as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxic equivalent (TEQ) [AhR-TEQ (pg/g lipid)]. The associations of AhR-TEQ and foetal growth indices (birth weight, birth length and head circumference) and gestational age were assessed by linear regression models. We detected AhR-TEQ in 93.9 % of maternal first trimester serum samples, with a median level of 185 pg/g lipid. Each ln-unit increase in AhR-TEQ was associated with an increase in birth weight of 36 g (95 % CI: 5; 68), birth length of 0.2 cm (95 % CI: 0.01; 0.3) and pregnancy duration of 1 day (95 % CI: 0; 1.5). In women who never smoked, higher AhR-TEQ values were associated with higher birth weight and longer duration of gestation, while in smokers the association was the opposite. Mediation analyses suggested that gestational age may mediate the association of AhR-TEQ with foetal growth indices. We conclude that AhR activating substances are present in the bloodstream of almost all pregnant women in Denmark and the AhR-TEQ level was around four times higher than previously reported. The AhR-TEQ was associated with slightly longer gestational duration and thereby higher birth weight and birth length.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Dioxins/toxicity ; Gestational Age ; Birth Cohort ; Birth Weight ; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/toxicity ; Fetal Development ; Persistent Organic Pollutants ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ; Lipids
Chemical Substances	Dioxins ; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins ; Persistent Organic Pollutants ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ; Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165286
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Article: Persistent organic pollutant exposures among Greenlandic adults in relation to lifestyle and diet: New data from the ACCEPT cohort

Wielsøe, Maria / Long, Manhai / Bossi, Rossana / Vorkamp, Katrin / Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie

Science of the total environment. 2022 June 25, v. 827

2022

Abstract: High concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blood of the Greenlandic population are well known. The exposure is mainly through traditional food intake, including marine mammals and seabirds. The present study aimed to follow up on POP ... ...

Abstract	High concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blood of the Greenlandic population are well known. The exposure is mainly through traditional food intake, including marine mammals and seabirds. The present study aimed to follow up on POP concentrations (organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs)) and relations to lifestyle and diet of the mothers included in the Greenlandic ACCEPT cohort (3–5 years after inclusion in 2013–15) and to include the children's fathers. This new data collection in 2019–20 included blood samples for measurement of POP concentrations and lifestyle and food frequency questionnaires from 101 mothers and 76 fathers aged 24–55 years living in Nuuk, Sisimiut, and Ilulissat, Greenland. The mothers' intra-individual median percentage decrease in POP concentrations from inclusion to this follow-up (3–5 years later) was 16–58%, except for mirex (0% change). Median concentrations of POPs were 1.4–4.6 times higher in fathers than in mothers. The POPs differed by residential town with generally higher concentrations in Ilulissat compared to Sisimiut and Nuuk. We report, for the first time, novel HFRs in human samples from Greenland. However, concentrations were low and only dechlorane plus (with its anti-isomer) was detected in >50% of the samples. Most POPs correlated positively with age and n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio. The lipophilic POPs correlated positively with the percentage of life lived in Greenland, whereas few POPs correlated positively with BMI, income (personal and household), education, and alcohol intake. The POPs generally associated positively with the intake of marine mammals, seabirds, and dried fish, while few POPs associated positively with Greenlandic fish intake. In contrast, POPs generally associated negatively with imported meat products intake. The study findings may be of interest for future dietary recommendations in Greenland. We discuss the potential explanations for the findings and suggestions for future research.
Keywords	alcohol drinking ; blood ; data collection ; dried fish ; education ; environment ; fatty acid composition ; fish consumption ; humans ; income ; lifestyle ; lipophilicity ; meat ; mirex ; persistent organic pollutants ; polychlorinated biphenyls ; traditional foods ; Greenland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0625
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154270
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Article ; Online: Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and metals and problematic child behavior at 3-5 years of age: a Greenlandic cohort study.

Kornvig, Simon / Wielsøe, Maria / Long, Manhai / Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 22182

Abstract: High levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals are found in Arctic populations. POP and heavy metals are linked to impaired cognitive development. This study examined associations between prenatal POP and metals exposure and ... ...

Abstract	High levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals are found in Arctic populations. POP and heavy metals are linked to impaired cognitive development. This study examined associations between prenatal POP and metals exposure and problematic child behavior using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). POPs and metals were measured in 102 pregnant Greenlandic women. During follow-up at 3-5 years, parents answered an assisted questionnaire including children's SDQ scores. Associations were analyzed using linear and logistic regression analyses and adjusted for maternal plasma cotinine, educational level and age at delivery. In the adjusted analyses, the medium tertile of hexachlorobenzene (β = 3.06, p = 0.010), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β = 3.58, p = 0.004) and trans-nonachlor (β = 2.06, p = 0.082) were positively associated with SDQ scores. The continuous cis-nonachlor (OR = 1.09, p = 0.079), dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (OR = 1.01, p = 0.077), trans-nonachlor (OR = 1.01, p = 0.091), and sum Organochlorine-Pesticides (OR = 1.00, p = 0.094) were positively associated with abnormal SDQ score and the continuous mirex (OR = 1.28, p = 0.096), oxychlordane (OR = 1.04, p = 0.066), and trans-nonachlor (OR = 1.02, p = 0.071) with abnormal hyperactivity score. We found no consistent evidence of associations between polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluoroalkylated substances and heavy metals and problematic behavior. Prenatal organochlorine pesticide exposure associated significantly with problematic behavior in 3-5 year old children.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers/blood ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology ; Child Behavior Disorders/etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Female ; Greenland/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Maternal Exposure/adverse effects ; Metals, Heavy/adverse effects ; Odds Ratio ; Persistent Organic Pollutants/adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Public Health Surveillance ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Metals, Heavy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-01580-0
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Article ; Online: Publisher Correction: Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and metals and problematic child behavior at 3-5 years of age: a Greenlandic cohort study.

Kornvig, Simon / Wielsøe, Maria / Long, Manhai / Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 24462

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-03923-3
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Article ; Online: Persistent organic pollutant exposures among Greenlandic adults in relation to lifestyle and diet: New data from the ACCEPT cohort.

Wielsøe, Maria / Long, Manhai / Bossi, Rossana / Vorkamp, Katrin / Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 827, Page(s) 154270

Abstract	High concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blood of the Greenlandic population are well known. The exposure is mainly through traditional food intake, including marine mammals and seabirds. The present study aimed to follow up on POP concentrations (organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs)) and relations to lifestyle and diet of the mothers included in the Greenlandic ACCEPT cohort (3-5 years after inclusion in 2013-15) and to include the children's fathers. This new data collection in 2019-20 included blood samples for measurement of POP concentrations and lifestyle and food frequency questionnaires from 101 mothers and 76 fathers aged 24-55 years living in Nuuk, Sisimiut, and Ilulissat, Greenland. The mothers' intra-individual median percentage decrease in POP concentrations from inclusion to this follow-up (3-5 years later) was 16-58%, except for mirex (0% change). Median concentrations of POPs were 1.4-4.6 times higher in fathers than in mothers. The POPs differed by residential town with generally higher concentrations in Ilulissat compared to Sisimiut and Nuuk. We report, for the first time, novel HFRs in human samples from Greenland. However, concentrations were low and only dechlorane plus (with its anti-isomer) was detected in >50% of the samples. Most POPs correlated positively with age and n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio. The lipophilic POPs correlated positively with the percentage of life lived in Greenland, whereas few POPs correlated positively with BMI, income (personal and household), education, and alcohol intake. The POPs generally associated positively with the intake of marine mammals, seabirds, and dried fish, while few POPs associated positively with Greenlandic fish intake. In contrast, POPs generally associated negatively with imported meat products intake. The study findings may be of interest for future dietary recommendations in Greenland. We discuss the potential explanations for the findings and suggestions for future research.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Diet ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Humans ; Life Style ; Mammals ; Persistent Organic Pollutants ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DFC2HB4I0K)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154270
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Article ; Online: Xeno-estrogenic activity of real-life mixtures of perfluoroalkylated substances in human placenta homogenates.

Wielsøe, Maria / Molina-Molina, Jose-Manuel / Rodríguez-Carrillo, Andrea / Mustieles, Vicente / Olea, Nicolas / Fernandez, Mariana F / Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie

Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)

2023 Volume 120, Page(s) 108444

Abstract: Humans are simultaneously exposed to complex chemical mixtures, and its combined effect can affect human health. As part of the HBM4EU project, the actual mixture of perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) in 25 human placenta samples was extracted by ... ...

Abstract	Humans are simultaneously exposed to complex chemical mixtures, and its combined effect can affect human health. As part of the HBM4EU project, the actual mixture of perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) in 25 human placenta samples was extracted by chromatographic methods and assessed for xeno-estrogenic activity using two in-vitro bioassays: the estrogen receptor transactivity and the E-Screen assay. Most of the PFAS extracts displayed xeno-estrogenic activity, in one or both assays. The xeno-estrogenic activities in the two bioassays were not correlated, but both assays showed an overall negative correlation with placenta concentrations of single PFAS. Xeno-estrogenic activities were significantly related to maternal characteristics; being higher in young, smokers and primiparous women, but not with fetal growth (birth weight, birth length, head circumference, gestational age, placenta weight). The presented extraction method can be used to study the combined effect of real-life mixtures of PFAS in relation to health outcomes in large-scale human biomonitoring studies.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity ; Endocrine Disruptors/analysis ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Birth Weight ; Placenta/chemistry ; Fluorocarbons/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Endocrine Disruptors ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Fluorocarbons
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639342-1
ISSN	1873-1708 ; 0890-6238
ISSN (online)	1873-1708
ISSN	0890-6238
DOI	10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108444
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Article ; Online: Exposure to persistent organic pollutants in Danish pregnant women: Hormone levels and fetal growth indices.

Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie / Boesen, Sophie Amalie H / Wielsøe, Maria / Henriksen, Tine Brink / Bech, Bodil Hammer / Halldórsson, Þórhallur Ingi / Long, Manhai

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

2023 Volume 99, Page(s) 104108

Abstract: This study examines possible associations of maternal Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) exposure during pregnancy, maternal hormone levels and fetal growth indices (FGI). During 1st trimester, we measured maternal thyroids, androgens and estrogens, ... ...

Abstract	This study examines possible associations of maternal Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) exposure during pregnancy, maternal hormone levels and fetal growth indices (FGI). During 1st trimester, we measured maternal thyroids, androgens and estrogens, lipophilic POP and perfluorinated-alkyl-acid (PFAA) levels in serum from nulliparous women. Adjusted multivariate-linear regression models assessed associations between exposure and outcomes. Maternal characteristics and POP exposures associated with maternal hormone levels. Lipophilic POP elicited inverse association with androgen and estrogen levels but no strong association with thyroids. Higher level of PFAA was associated with higher thyroid and androgen levels. The PFAA did not associate with estrogens. Higher thyroid-peroxidase-antibody (TPO-Ab) and estradiol level associated with higher birth weight and length in sons. For daughters, the TPO-Ab associations were the opposite being inversely associated with birth weight and length, and higher TPO-Ab and estradiol associated with lower gestational age. Mediation analyses suggested that TPO-Ab mediates the association of PFAA with FGI.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Persistent Organic Pollutants ; Pregnant Women ; Birth Weight ; Androgens ; Fetal Development ; Estrogens ; Estradiol ; Denmark ; Environmental Pollutants ; Maternal Exposure
Chemical Substances	Persistent Organic Pollutants ; Androgens ; Estrogens ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E) ; Environmental Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1318302-3
ISSN	1872-7077 ; 1382-6689
ISSN (online)	1872-7077
ISSN	1382-6689
DOI	10.1016/j.etap.2023.104108
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