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Article: Ketogenic diet reduces a neurobiological craving signature in inpatients with alcohol use disorder.

Wiers, Corinde E / Manza, Peter / Wang, Gene-Jack / Volkow, Nora D

2024 Volume 11, Page(s) 1254341

Abstract: Background and aims: Increasing evidence suggests that a ketogenic (high-fat, low-carbohydrate) diet (KD) intervention reduces alcohol withdrawal severity and alcohol craving in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) by shifting brain energetics ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Increasing evidence suggests that a ketogenic (high-fat, low-carbohydrate) diet (KD) intervention reduces alcohol withdrawal severity and alcohol craving in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) by shifting brain energetics from glucose to ketones. We hypothesized that the KD would reduce a neurobiological craving signature when individuals undergoing alcohol detoxification treatment were exposed to alcohol cues. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of functional magnetic resonance data of 33 adults with an AUD who were randomized to a KD ( Results: For alcohol relative to food cues, there was a main effect of group, such that the KD group showed lower NCS expression across all 3 weeks of treatment. The main effect of time and the group-by-time interaction were not significant. Self-reported wanting for alcohol cues reduced with KD compared to SA but did not correlate with the NCS score. Conclusion: A ketogenic diet reduces self-reported alcohol wanting, and induced lower NCS to alcohol cues during inpatient treatment for AUD. However, in the KD group alcohol wanting continued to decrease across the 3 weeks of abstinence while the NCS scores remained stable, suggesting that this cue-induced NCS may not fully capture ongoing, non-cue-induced alcohol desire.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2024.1254341
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Article: Ketogenic diet reduces a neurobiological craving signature in alcohol use disorder.

Wiers, Corinde E / Manza, Peter / Wang, Gene-Jack / Volkow, Nora D

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2023

Abstract: Background and aims: Increasing evidence suggests that a ketogenic (high-fat, low-carbohydrate) diet intervention reduces alcohol withdrawal severity and alcohol craving in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) by shifting brain energetics from ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Increasing evidence suggests that a ketogenic (high-fat, low-carbohydrate) diet intervention reduces alcohol withdrawal severity and alcohol craving in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) by shifting brain energetics from glucose to ketones. We hypothesized that the ketogenic diet would reduce a brain craving signature when individuals undergoing alcohol detoxification treatment were exposed to alcohol cues. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of functional magnetic resonance data of n=33 adults with an AUD were randomized to a ketogenic diet (n=19) or a standard American diet (n=14) and underwent three weeks of inpatient alcohol detoxification treatment. Once per week, participants performed an alcohol cue-reactivity paradigm with functional magnetic resonance imaging. We extracted brain responses to food and alcohol cues and quantified the degree to which each set of brain images shared a pattern of activation with a recently validated 'Neurobiological Craving Signature' (NCS). We then performed a group-by-time repeated measures ANOVA to test for differences in craving signature expression between the dietary groups over the three-week treatment period. We also correlated these expression patterns with self-reported wanting ratings for alcohol cues. Results: For alcohol relative to food cues, there was a main effect of group, such that the ketogenic diet group showed lower NCS expression across all three weeks of treatment. The main effect of time and the group-by-time interaction were not significant. Self-reported wanting for alcohol cues reduced with KD compared to SA but did not correlate with the NCS score. Conclusions: A ketogenic diet reduces self-reported alcohol wanting, and induced lower brain craving signatures to alcohol cues during inpatient treatment for AUD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.09.25.23296094
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Article ; Online: Neural correlates of changing food choices while bypassing values.

Zahedi, Anoushiravan / Artigas, Sergio Oroz / Swaboda, Nora / Wiers, Corinde E / Görgen, Kai / Park, Soyoung Q

NeuroImage

2023 Volume 274, Page(s) 120134

Abstract: Current theories suggest that altering choices requires value modification. To investigate this, normal-weight female participants' food choices and values were tested before and after an approach-avoidance training (AAT), while neural activity was ... ...

Abstract	Current theories suggest that altering choices requires value modification. To investigate this, normal-weight female participants' food choices and values were tested before and after an approach-avoidance training (AAT), while neural activity was recorded during the choice task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During AAT, participants consistently approached low- while avoiding high-calorie food cues. AAT facilitated low-calorie food choices, leaving food values unchanged. Instead, we observed a shift in indifference points, indicating the decreased contribution of food values in food choices. Training-induced choice shifts were associated with increased activity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). In contrast, the medial PFC activity was not changed. Additionally, PCC gray matter density predicted individual differences in training-induced functional changes, suggesting anatomic predispositions to training impact. Our findings demonstrate neural mechanisms underlying choice modulation independent of valuation-related processes, which has substantial theoretical significance for decision-making frameworks and translational implications for health-related decisions resilient to value shifts.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Choice Behavior ; Food Preferences ; Food ; Gyrus Cinguli/diagnostic imaging ; Cues ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1147767-2
ISSN	1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
ISSN (online)	1095-9572
ISSN	1053-8119
DOI	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120134
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Zs.A 3664: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Depressive Symptomatology Is Associated With Smaller Reductions in Drug Cue Reactivity During Extended-Release Naltrexone Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.

Shi, Zhenhao / Li, Xinyi / Kampman, Kyle M / Childress, Anna Rose / Wiers, Corinde E / Langleben, Daniel D

The Journal of clinical psychiatry

2023 Volume 84, Issue 3

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Naltrexone/therapeutic use ; Cues ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Delayed-Action Preparations/therapeutic use ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Naltrexone (5S6W795CQM) ; Narcotic Antagonists ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Analgesics, Opioid
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	716287-x
ISSN	1555-2101 ; 0160-6689
ISSN (online)	1555-2101
ISSN	0160-6689
DOI	10.4088/JCP.22br14567
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Zs.B 108: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 247: Show issues

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Article: Metabolic profiles associated with opioid use and opioid use disorder: a narrative review of the literature.

Byanyima, Juliana I / Li, Xinyi / Vesslee, Sianneh A / Kranzler, Henry R / Shi, Zhenhao / Wiers, Corinde E

Current addiction reports

2023 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) 581–593

Abstract: Purpose of review: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic, relapsing condition that is epidemic in the USA. OUD is associated with serious adverse consequences, including higher incarceration rates, impaired medical and mental health, and overdose- ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic, relapsing condition that is epidemic in the USA. OUD is associated with serious adverse consequences, including higher incarceration rates, impaired medical and mental health, and overdose-related fatalities. Several medications with demonstrated clinical efficacy in reducing opioid use are approved to treat OUD. However, there is evidence that medications for OUD cause metabolic impairments, which raises concerns over the long-term metabolic health of individuals recovering from OUD. Here, we summarize the scientific literature on the metabolic effects of the use of opioids, including medications for treating OUD. Recent findings: Our findings showed lower body weight and adiposity, and better lipid profiles in individuals with OUD. In individuals with diabetes mellitus, opioid use was associated with lower blood glucose levels. In contrast, among individuals without underlying metabolic conditions, opioids promoted insulin resistance. Treatment of OUD patients with the agonists methadone or buprenorphine caused weight gain, increased liking and intake of sugar, and impaired lipid profile and glucose metabolism, whereas treatment with the antagonist naltrexone demonstrated evidence for reduced sweet preferences. Summary: Our findings highlighted a gap in knowledge regarding the safety of medications for OUD. Further research is needed to determine how best to reduce the risk of metabolic disorder in the treatment of OUD with opioid agonists versus antagonists.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2196-2952
ISSN	2196-2952
DOI	10.1007/s40429-023-00493-4
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Article ; Online: Adenosine sheds light on the relationship between alcohol and sleep.

Wiers, Corinde E

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2014 Volume 34, Issue 23, Page(s) 7733–7734

MeSH term(s)	Adenosine/metabolism ; Alcohols/pharmacology ; Animals ; Extracellular Fluid/drug effects ; Extracellular Fluid/metabolism ; Homeostasis/physiology ; Male ; Neurons/metabolism ; Sleep Deprivation/physiopathology
Chemical Substances	Alcohols ; Adenosine (K72T3FS567)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1274-14.2014
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Zs.A 1668: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Disparities in sleep duration among American children: effects of race and ethnicity, income, age, and sex.

Giddens, Natasha T / Juneau, Paul / Manza, Peter / Wiers, Corinde E / Volkow, Nora D

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2022 Volume 119, Issue 30, Page(s) e2120009119

Abstract: Children in the United States sleep less than the recommended amount and sleep deficiencies may be worse among disadvantaged children. Prior studies that compared sleep time in children of different race/ethnic groups mostly relied on questionnaires or ... ...

Abstract	Children in the United States sleep less than the recommended amount and sleep deficiencies may be worse among disadvantaged children. Prior studies that compared sleep time in children of different race/ethnic groups mostly relied on questionnaires or were limited to small sample sizes. Our study takes advantage of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to compare total sleep time using a week of actigraphy data among American children (n = 4,207, 9 to 13 y old) of different racial/ethnic and income groups. We also assessed the effects of neighborhood deprivation, experience of discrimination, parent's age at child's birth, body mass index (BMI), and time the child fell asleep on sleep times. Daily total sleep time for the sample was 7.45 h and race/ethnicity, income, sex, age, BMI, were all significant predictors of total sleep time. Black children slept less than White children (∼34 min; Cohen's d = 0.95), children from lower income families slept less than those from higher incomes (∼16 min; Cohen's d = 0.44), boys slept less than girls (∼7 min; Cohen's d = 0.18), and older children slept less than younger ones (∼32 min; Cohen's d = 0.91); mostly due to later sleep times. Children with higher BMI also had shorter sleep times. Neither area deprivation index, experience of discrimination, or parent's age at child's birth significantly contributed to sleep time. Our findings indicate that children in the United States sleep significantly less than the recommended amount for healthy development and identifies significant racial and income disparities. Interventions to improve sleep hygiene in children will help improve health and ameliorate racial disparities in health outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Black People ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Ethnicity ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Male ; Race Factors ; Sex Factors ; Sleep ; Sleep Hygiene ; United States/epidemiology ; White People
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2120009119
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Zs.A 1148: Show issues

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Article ; Online: An experimental test of integrating imagery with approach bias modification for alcohol: A cautionary tale.

Fridland, Ellen / Wiers, Corinde E / Rinck, Mike / Becker, Eni S / Gladwin, Thomas E

British journal of health psychology

2022 Volume 28, Issue 2, Page(s) 383–396

Abstract: Objectives: In terms of dual process models, behaviour can be conceived of as the outcome of an interplay between reflective, top-down and impulsive, bottom-up processes. Behaviour change interventions may benefit from targeting both types of processes ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: In terms of dual process models, behaviour can be conceived of as the outcome of an interplay between reflective, top-down and impulsive, bottom-up processes. Behaviour change interventions may benefit from targeting both types of processes in a coherent way. One approach to this, in the context of reducing hazardous drinking, is to combine imagery involving real-life situations involving alcohol with the simple actions involved in Approach Bias Modification (ApBM), a form of Cognitive Bias Modification. Design: We developed and tested a version of this Imagery-enhanced Approach Bias Modification (IApBM) in an experimental design, with two independent factors: imagery versus control and ApBM versus control training components (N = 139). Methods: An effect of integrating the training factors was hypothesized on the alcohol-approach bias of an alcohol Approach-Avoidance Task. Further exploratory analyses were performed for the bias on alcohol-related Single Attribute Implicit Association Tests and on alcohol-related questionnaires. Finally, the psychometric properties of an imagery interference effect during training were explored. Results: Results showed no benefit of the training and in fact suggested a negative interaction in which combining the training components appeared to block reductions in craving effected by each in isolation. The reliability of the imagery-related interference effect was high and the effect was correlated with alcohol-related scales. Conclusions: In conclusion, it appears that interference between training components decreases their individual effects when combining imagery and ApBM in the current way. The imagery-related interference effects that could be measured during training conditions may be useful as an implicit measure of automatic processes underlying hazardous drinking.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Ethanol ; Craving ; Impulsive Behavior ; Psychometrics
Chemical Substances	Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2026500-1
ISSN	2044-8287 ; 1359-107X
ISSN (online)	2044-8287
ISSN	1359-107X
DOI	10.1111/bjhp.12630
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Article ; Online: Positron Emission Tomography of Neuroimmune Responses in Humans: Insights and Intricacies.

Raval, Nakul R / Wetherill, Reagan R / Wiers, Corinde E / Dubroff, Jacob G / Hillmer, Ansel T

Seminars in nuclear medicine

2022 Volume 53, Issue 2, Page(s) 213–229

Abstract: The brain's immune system plays a critical role in responding to immune challenges and maintaining homeostasis. However, dysregulated neuroimmune function contributes to neurodegenerative disease and neuropsychiatric conditions. In vivo positron emission ...

Abstract	The brain's immune system plays a critical role in responding to immune challenges and maintaining homeostasis. However, dysregulated neuroimmune function contributes to neurodegenerative disease and neuropsychiatric conditions. In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the neuroimmune system has facilitated a greater understanding of its physiology and the pathology of some neuropsychiatric conditions. This review presents an in-depth look at PET findings from human neuroimmune function studies, highlighting their importance in current neuropsychiatric research. Although the majority of human PET studies feature radiotracers targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), this review also considers studies with other neuroimmune targets, including monoamine oxidase B, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and the purinergic P2X7 receptor. Promising new targets, such as colony-stimulating factor 1, Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, and the purinergic P2Y12 receptor, are also discussed. The significance of validating neuroimmune targets and understanding their function and expression is emphasized in this review to better identify and interpret PET results.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology ; Receptors, GABA/metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods ; Radiopharmaceuticals/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Receptors, GABA ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; TSPO protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	120248-0
ISSN	1558-4623 ; 0001-2998
ISSN (online)	1558-4623
ISSN	0001-2998
DOI	10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.08.008
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Zs.A 763: Show issues

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Article: Association between body mass index and treatment completion in extended-release naltrexone-treated patients with opioid dependence.

Li, Xinyi / Langleben, Daniel D / Lynch, Kevin G / Wang, Gene-Jack / Elman, Igor / Wiers, Corinde E / Shi, Zhenhao

Frontiers in psychiatry

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1247961

Abstract: Background: Excessive consumption of opioids is associated with impaired metabolic function including increased body mass index (BMI). Opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) that has the potential to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Excessive consumption of opioids is associated with impaired metabolic function including increased body mass index (BMI). Opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) that has the potential to mitigate such metabolic disturbances. Understanding the relationship between treatment adherence and BMI in NTX-treated OUD patients may provide valuable insights into optimizing clinical outcomes. Methods: Patients with opioid dependence were offered up to three monthly injections of extended-release (XR) NTX. Treatment completers (n = 41) were defined as those who had received all three XR-NTX injections, and non-completers (n = 20) as those missing at least one injection. Logistic regression was performed to examine the association between pre-treatment BMI and treatment completion. Results: BMI was positively associated with treatment completion. This association remained significant after adjusting for potentially confounding variables. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that baseline BMI may serve as a potential predictor of XR-NTX treatment adherence in patients with OUD and could help healthcare providers and policy makers alike in developing strategies to improve retention and tailor interventions for specific patient subgroups.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1247961
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