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Article: Are Tidal Salt Marshes Exposed to Nutrient Pollution more Vulnerable to Sea Level Rise?

Krause, J R / Watson, E / Wigand, C / Maher, N

2021 Volume 40, Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: Over the past four decades, Long Island, NY, USA, has lost coastal wetlands at a rate of 4% per decade due to submergence. In this study, we examined relationships between the rate of tidal salt marsh loss and environmental factors, including marsh ... ...

Abstract	Over the past four decades, Long Island, NY, USA, has lost coastal wetlands at a rate of 4% per decade due to submergence. In this study, we examined relationships between the rate of tidal salt marsh loss and environmental factors, including marsh elevation, tidal range, and wastewater exposure through analysis of stable isotope ratios of marsh soils and biota. Our goal was to identify factors that increase vulnerability of marshes to sea level rise, with a specific emphasis on the potential role of poor water quality in hastening marsh loss. Our results suggest that wastewater exposure may accelerate loss of intertidal marsh, but does not negatively impact high tidal marsh resilience to sea level rise. And while marsh elevation and tidal range were statistically significant predictors of marsh loss, they similarly displayed opposite relationships among marsh zones. This study suggests that different functional zones of coastal salt marshes may not respond similarly to global change factors, and that elevation may be an important factor mediating eutrophication effects to coastal salt marshes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1097341-2
ISSN	1943-6246 ; 0277-5212
ISSN (online)	1943-6246
ISSN	0277-5212
DOI	10.1007/s13157-019-01254-8
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Article ; Online: This land is your land, this could be marsh land: Property parcel characteristics of marsh migration corridors in Rhode Island, USA.

Burman, Erin / Merrill, Nathaniel / Mulvaney, Kate / Bradley, Michael / Wigand, Cathleen

Journal of environmental management

2023 Volume 351, Page(s) 119657

Abstract: Salt marshes, critical habitats offering many ecosystem services, are threatened by development, accelerated sea level rise (SLR) and other anthropogenic stressors that are projected to worsen. As seas rise, some salt marshes can migrate inland if there ... ...

Abstract	Salt marshes, critical habitats offering many ecosystem services, are threatened by development, accelerated sea level rise (SLR) and other anthropogenic stressors that are projected to worsen. As seas rise, some salt marshes can migrate inland if there is adjacent, permeable, undeveloped land available. Facilitating marsh migration is necessary for coastal resilience efforts, but extensive coastal development can make finding suitable migration corridors challenging. This work seeks to characterize changes in land use, ownership, and economic value at the property parcel level within current versus future marsh areas for the state of Rhode Island, USA. We find that most parcels currently containing salt marsh are publicly owned, whereas most adjacent parcels projected to contain new salt marsh in 2050 are privately owned. Additionally, parcels containing new marsh in 2050 have 47% higher per-hectare assessed values than parcels containing current marsh. We describe the locations and characteristics of parcels within migration corridors with the lowest per-hectare values that may be the most cost-effective for marsh conservation practitioners to protect. This study highlights the expanding land use types and landowner sets that will be involved in marsh conservation decisions, and the economic value of potential migration corridors where costly tradeoffs may be necessary to promote coastal resilience.
MeSH term(s)	Wetlands ; Ecosystem ; Rhode Island ; Oceans and Seas ; Ownership
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119657
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Article ; Online: Hazardous and contaminated sites within salt marsh migration corridors in Rhode Island, USA.

Burman, Erin / Mulvaney, Kate / Merrill, Nathaniel / Bradley, Michael / Wigand, Cathleen

Journal of environmental management

2023 Volume 331, Page(s) 117218

Abstract: As salt marshes attempt to migrate upland due to sea level rise, they will encounter many kinds of land development and infrastructure in highly populated, urbanized coastal communities. Hazardous and contaminated sites (HCSs) -- facilities and ... ...

Abstract	As salt marshes attempt to migrate upland due to sea level rise, they will encounter many kinds of land development and infrastructure in highly populated, urbanized coastal communities. Hazardous and contaminated sites (HCSs) -- facilities and infrastructure that store, use, or release harmful substances -- are particularly concerning obstacles to salt marsh migration because of their potential to release contaminants if their structural integrity is compromised. Inventorying HCSs within migration pathways can inform coastal resilience planning. To understand what kinds of HCSs migrating marsh may encounter in Rhode Island, USA, we inventoried sites from federal and state sources, assigned contaminant hazard rankings to most sites, and overlayed them with projected marsh migration corridors. We found that HCSs are extensive across marsh migration corridors in the state, especially in urban areas. Among the most common HCSs in and around Rhode Island salt marshes are stormwater outfalls, underground storage tanks, and facilities registered with EPA's Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) or EPA's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). These sites pose varying hazards to human and aquatic life if breached, with some sites representing little or no threat but most posing some degree of hazard to their surroundings. This coastal HCSs inventory can inform prioritization and management of coastal salt marshes subject to accelerated sea level rise. Management decisions such as allowing marsh migration, implementing adaptation actions to build salt marsh elevation, or erecting physical barriers at marsh sites will influence future salt marsh extent, marshes' ability to provide ecosystem services, and public health exposures to toxic releases. In addition, as Rhode Island and other coastal states work to promote coastal resiliency, this type of inventory can inform decisions about which HCSs to prioritize for remediation and other climate adaptation actions. Marsh migration is just one potential consequence of sea level rise, so many of the considerations outlined here are widely applicable to the broader goal of preparing coastal communities for rising seas.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Wetlands ; Ecosystem ; Rhode Island ; Oceans and Seas
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117218
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Article: Short-Term Effects of Thin-Layer Sand Placement on Salt Marsh Grasses: A Marsh Organ Field Experiment.

Payne, Andrew R / Burdick, David M / Moore, Gregg E / Wigand, Cathleen

Journal of coastal research

2022 Volume 37, Issue 4, Page(s) 771–778

Abstract: Salt marshes can build in elevation with sea-level rise through accumulation of inorganic sediment and organic matter, but marshes worldwide are under threat of drowning due to rapid rates of sea-level rise that outpace natural marsh building rates. The ... ...

Abstract	Salt marshes can build in elevation with sea-level rise through accumulation of inorganic sediment and organic matter, but marshes worldwide are under threat of drowning due to rapid rates of sea-level rise that outpace natural marsh building rates. The application of a thin layer of sediment to the marsh surface (thin-layer placement [TLP]) is a tool to build elevation and decrease flooding stress, but its effects on marsh plants are understudied, especially in New England. In a novel application of a marsh organ experiment (i.e. rows of pots at different elevations), the addition of 10 cm of sand to pots planted with Spartina alterniflora and Spartina patens resulted in fewer stems than controls for S. patens but not S. alterniflora after 2 months. However, total biomass and root mass were not significantly impacted for either species, suggesting plants will fully recover from TLP over longer timescales. Effects of TLP on biomass and stem density did not vary significantly by elevation. Although long-term research is still needed, short-term equivalency in biomass between TLP treatments and controls suggests TLP of 10 cm is a promising strategy to enhance the ability of marshes to build vertically as sea level rises in New England.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2156089-4
ISSN	1551-5036 ; 0749-0208
ISSN (online)	1551-5036
ISSN	0749-0208
DOI	10.2112/jcoastres-d-20-00072.1
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Article: Contrasting decadal-scale changes in elevation and vegetation in two Long Island Sound salt marshes.

Carey, J C / Raposa, K B / Wigand, C / Warren, R S

Estuaries and coasts : journal of the Estuarine Research Federation

2018 Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) 651–661

Abstract: Northeastern US salt marshes face multiple co-stressors, including accelerating rates of relative sea level rise (RSLR), elevated nutrient inputs, and low sediment supplies. In order to evaluate how marsh surface elevations respond to such factors, we ... ...

Abstract	Northeastern US salt marshes face multiple co-stressors, including accelerating rates of relative sea level rise (RSLR), elevated nutrient inputs, and low sediment supplies. In order to evaluate how marsh surface elevations respond to such factors, we used surface elevation tables (SETs) and surface elevation pins to measure changes in marsh surface elevation in two eastern Long Island Sound salt marshes, Barn Island and Mamacoke Marsh. We compare marsh elevation change at these two systems with recent rates of RSLR and find evidence of differences between the two sites; Barn Island is maintaining its historic rate of elevation gain (2.3± 0.24 mm yr
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2229170-2
ISSN	1559-2731 ; 1559-2723
ISSN (online)	1559-2731
ISSN	1559-2723
DOI	10.1007/s12237-015-0059-8
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Article: Open SESAME: A Social-Ecological Systems framework for collaborative Adaptive Management and Engagement in coastal restoration and climate adaptation.

Mulvaney, Kate / Ayvazian, Suzanne / Chaffee, Caitlin / Wigand, Cathleen / Canfield, Katherine / Schoell, Mary

Wetlands ecology and management

2022 Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 1291–1302

Abstract: The successful implementation and sustainability of many marsh restoration efforts, including coastal adaptation to buffer inundation and mitigate sea level rise, often hinges upon support from surrounding human communities. Yet, stakeholder engagement ... ...

Abstract	The successful implementation and sustainability of many marsh restoration efforts, including coastal adaptation to buffer inundation and mitigate sea level rise, often hinges upon support from surrounding human communities. Yet, stakeholder engagement in these projects remains relatively undervalued and underutilized. We present the Social-Ecological Systems, Adaptive Management, and Engagement (SESAME) framework that provides reciprocal connections between the human and ecological components of restoration efforts and the resulting management and engagement needs. We built and describe this framework through discussion of two case studies of coastal restoration efforts in southern New England salt marshes. The first case study focuses on the use of sediment placement to increase the elevation of the surface of a drowning marsh in Rhode Island as an interim measure to protect against sea level rise. The second case study describes the use of living shorelines for erosion mitigation on a salt marsh in Massachusetts. These cases included significant partner and stakeholder engagement and provided important lessons learned for practical implementation of the SESAME framework. Valuable lessons included the need for engagement throughout the entirety of the process, specific clarification of roles within the restoration efforts, and flexibility in implementation and goal setting.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	20900-4
ISSN	1572-9834 ; 0923-4861
ISSN (online)	1572-9834
ISSN	0923-4861
DOI	10.1007/s11273-022-09891-3
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Article: Runnels mitigate marsh drowning in microtidal salt marshes.

Watson, Elizabeth B / Ferguson, Wenley / Champlin, Lena K / White, Jennifer D / Ernst, Nick / Sylla, Habibata A / Wilburn, Brittany P / Wigand, Cathleen

Frontiers in environmental science

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1–17

Abstract: As a symptom of accelerated sea level rise and historic impacts to tidal hydrology from agricultural and mosquito control activities, coastal marshes in the Northeastern U.S. are experiencing conversion to open water through edge loss, widening and ... ...

Abstract	As a symptom of accelerated sea level rise and historic impacts to tidal hydrology from agricultural and mosquito control activities, coastal marshes in the Northeastern U.S. are experiencing conversion to open water through edge loss, widening and headward erosion of tidal channels, and the formation and expansion of interior ponds. These interior ponds often form in high elevation marsh, confounding the notion applied in predictive modeling that salt marshes convert to open water when elevation falls below a critical surface inundation threshold. The installation of tidal channel extension features, or runnels, is a technique that has been implemented to reduce water levels and permit vegetation reestablishment in drowning coastal marshes, although there are limited data available to recommend its advisability. We report on 5 years of vegetation and hydrologic monitoring of two locations where a total of 600-m of shallow (0.15-0.30-m in diameter and depth) runnels were installed in 2015 and 2016 to enhance drainage, in the Pettaquamscutt River Estuary, in southern Rhode Island, United States. Results from this Before-After Control-Impact (BACI) designed study found that runnel installation successfully promoted plant recolonization, although runnels did not consistently promote increases in high marsh species presence or diversity. Runnels reduced the groundwater table (by 0.07-0.12 m), and at one location, the groundwater table experienced a 2-fold increase in the fraction of the in-channel tidal range that was observed in the marsh water table. We suggest that restoration of tidal hydrology through runnel installation holds promise as a tool to encourage revegetation and extend the lifespan of drowning coastal marshes where interior ponds are expanding. In addition, our study highlights the importance of considering the rising groundwater table as an important factor in marsh drowning due to expanding interior ponds found on the marsh platform.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2741535-1
ISSN	2296-665X
ISSN	2296-665X
DOI	10.3389/fenvs.2022.987246
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Article: Birnessite films are sensitive indicators of microbial manganese reduction in soil.

Hino, Katelyn C / Romero, Jasper / Loffredo, Joseph L / Stolt, Mark / Amador, Jose / Moseman-Valtierra, Serena / Wigand, Cathleen / Pellock, Brett J

Soil Science Society of America journal. Soil Science Society of America

2023 Volume 87, Issue 1, Page(s) 196–201

Abstract: Manganese (Mn) and Fe indicator of reduction in soils (IRIS) devices are low-cost, convenient tools for identifying reducing conditions in soils. Because Mn is reduced at similar redox potentials as nitrate, there is considerable interest in using Mn ... ...

Abstract	Manganese (Mn) and Fe indicator of reduction in soils (IRIS) devices are low-cost, convenient tools for identifying reducing conditions in soils. Because Mn is reduced at similar redox potentials as nitrate, there is considerable interest in using Mn IRIS tools for understanding microbial reduction of Mn as a surrogate for processes such as denitrification. However, the sensitivity of these devices to differences in Mn-reducing capacity has not been empirically investigated. Here we have found that the rate of birnessite paint removal from Mn IRIS films exposed to a twofold dilution series of the Mn-reducing bacterium
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	196788-5
ISSN	0361-5995
ISSN	0361-5995
DOI	10.1002/saj2.20468
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Article: Tracking the dynamic ecological history of a tropical urban estuary as it responds to human pressures.

Oczkowski, A / Santos, E / Gray, A / Miller, K / Huertas, E / Hanson, A / Martin, R / Watson, E B / Wigand, C

Ecosystems (New York, N.Y.)

2020 Volume 23, Page(s) 231–245

Abstract: Coastal cities in tropical areas are often low-lying and vulnerable to the effects of flooding and storms. San Juan, Puerto Rico is a good example of this. It is built around a lagoon-channel complex called the San Juan Bay Estuary (SJBE). A critical ... ...

Abstract	Coastal cities in tropical areas are often low-lying and vulnerable to the effects of flooding and storms. San Juan, Puerto Rico is a good example of this. It is built around a lagoon-channel complex called the San Juan Bay Estuary (SJBE). A critical channel in the estuary, the Caño Martín Peña, has filled in and now frequently floods the surrounding communities with sewage-enriched waters, causing a series of human health and ecological problems. Sediment core analyses indicate that portions of the SJBE now function as settling basins. High urban and sewage runoff to the Caño contributes nitrogen (N), but stable isotope and sediment nutrient analyses indicate that this runoff may also enhance conditions for coupled sulfate reduction-nitrogen fixation. The amount of 'new' bioavailable N created from inert atmospheric N
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1428921-0
ISSN	1435-0629 ; 1432-9840
ISSN (online)	1435-0629
ISSN	1432-9840
DOI	10.1007/s10021-019-00399-1
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Article ; Online: Implementing adaptive management into a climate change adaptation strategy for a drowning New England salt marsh.

Perry, Danielle C / Chaffee, Caitlin / Wigand, Cathleen / Thornber, Carol

Journal of environmental management

2020 Volume 270, Page(s) 110928

Abstract: Due to climate change and other anthropogenic stressors, future conditions and impacts facing coastal habitats are unclear to coastal resource managers. Adaptive management strategies have become an important tactic to compensate for the unknown ... ...

Abstract	Due to climate change and other anthropogenic stressors, future conditions and impacts facing coastal habitats are unclear to coastal resource managers. Adaptive management strategies have become an important tactic to compensate for the unknown environmental conditions that coastal managers and restoration ecologists face. Adaptive management requires extensive planning and resources, which can act as barriers to achieve a successful project. These barriers also create challenges in incorporating adaptive management into climate change adaptation strategies. This case study describes and analyzes the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council's approach to overcome these challenges to implement a successful adaptive management project to restore a drowning salt marsh using the climate change adaptation strategy, sediment enhancement, at Quonochontaug Pond in Charlestown, RI. Through effective communication and active stakeholder involvement, this project successfully incorporated interdisciplinary partner and stakeholder collaborations and developed an iterative learning strategy that highlights the adaptive management method.
MeSH term(s)	Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Drowning ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; New England ; Wetlands
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110928
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