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Article ; Online: The perceptions and attitudes of patients with epilepsy to the use of a seizure diary, South Africa

Chika K. Egenasi / Anandan A. Moodley / Wilhelm J. Steinberg / Gina Joubert

South African Family Practice, Vol 65, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

2023 Volume 7

Abstract: Background: Epilepsy is responsible for a significant proportion of the world’s disease burden, affecting around 50 million people globally. A seizure diary is a self-management tool for epilepsy focusing on self-monitoring, tracking seizures and other ... ...

Abstract	Background: Epilepsy is responsible for a significant proportion of the world’s disease burden, affecting around 50 million people globally. A seizure diary is a self-management tool for epilepsy focusing on self-monitoring, tracking seizures and other symptoms. This study aimed to determine the perceptions and attitudes to the seizure diary in patients with epilepsy in the Free State and Northern Cape of South Africa. Methods: This cross-sectional survey method included adult patients with epilepsy attending Universitas Academic Hospital Specialist Epilepsy Clinic in Bloemfontein and local clinics in Kimberley (City, Beaconsfield and Betty Gatsewe), as well as the casualty department of Kimberley hospital (Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital). The Kimberley patients were diary-unexposed, while the Bloemfontein patients were patients who had previous exposure to the seizure diary. Results: A total of 182 patients with epilepsy were recruited for the study, of whom 65 were patients who had previous exposure to the seizure diary, and 117 were unexposed. In the patients who had previous exposure to the seizure diary, 64 (98.5%) found the diary useful, but 15 (23.1%) reported having various challenges with using the seizure diary. Almost all of the patients who had previous exposure to the seizure diary, 64 (98.5%), were willing to continue to use the diary, while 112 (95.7%) of the diary-unexposed patients were also willing to use the diary. Conclusion: Information from some patients using the diary confirms various challenges with its use; however, most patients support the continued usage of the diary.
Keywords	seizure diary ; epilepsy ; paper diary ; electronic diary ; seizure frequency ; patients who had previous exposure to the seizure diary ; unexposed ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AOSIS
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Enhancing public awareness and practice of prostate cancer screening among African men

Matthew O. Benedict / Wilhelm J. Steinberg / Frederik M. Claassen / Nathaniel Mofolo

South African Family Practice, Vol 65, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

A scoping review

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: Background: Prostate cancer (PCa)-related incidence is on the increase, with black South African men presenting disproportionately with aggressive disease. Recent studies show a greater net benefit of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening of black ... ...

Abstract	Background: Prostate cancer (PCa)-related incidence is on the increase, with black South African men presenting disproportionately with aggressive disease. Recent studies show a greater net benefit of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening of black men compared with the general population. This scoping review provides an overview of available research on strategies that have enhanced PCa screening awareness and practice in the African setting. Methods: Relevant databases were searched to identify 2010–2021 studies. Following scoping review guidelines, data were extracted, summarised and quantitatively analysed. Results: Of the 21 articles included, 19 were from the United States. Nine were published within the last five years and 14 were pre-test/post-test. Most articles evaluated the effect of health-promoting strategies on awareness and practice of PCa screening among black men. Community-oriented strategies enhanced awareness and practice of PCa screening. Healthcare providers and community members, including PCa survivors, participated in the strategies’ planning, development and implementation. Topics that improve PCa knowledge and clear cultural misconceptions were addressed, targeting public spaces unique to these men. Prostate cancer health education methods were diverse, comprehensive, user friendly and culturally sensitive. Conclusion: More research on strategies to enhance PCa screening awareness and practice among African men is needed, as this is scarce. Strategies enhancing PCa screening awareness and practice among African men are community oriented and entail health education methods, topics, presenters and venues. These strategies can be adopted in the South African setting. Contribution: This study recommends strategies to enhance the awareness and practice of PCa screening among African men.
Keywords	prostate cancer ; screening ; knowledge ; awareness ; health education ; african men ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AOSIS
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The profile of Black South African men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Free State, South Africa

Matthew O.A. Benedict / Wilhelm J. Steinberg / Frederik M. Claassen / Nathaniel Mofolo

South African Family Practice, Vol 65, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks high in terms of morbidity and mortality, especially in Africa. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening remains a practical method of screening for and thereby detecting PCa early, especially among African men ... ...

Abstract	Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks high in terms of morbidity and mortality, especially in Africa. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening remains a practical method of screening for and thereby detecting PCa early, especially among African men who are more negatively affected. Modifiable risk factors for PCa are mostly behavioural and lifestyle. Understanding community-specific determinants is important when developing health promotion interventions. Objective: This study aimed to determine the profile of African men with PCa in the Free State, South Africa. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using case record information and self-administered questionnaires among 341 African men with PCa attending the oncology and urology clinics of a tertiary hospital. Result: Participants’ median age at diagnosis was 66 years. Only 76 (22.3%) participants had ever heard of PCa prior to being diagnosed with the disease, 36 (47.4%) of whom had ever had screening performed. The majority (n = 298, 87.4%) were symptomatic; 50% sought medical help within six months. At diagnosis, 133 (39.0%) men presented with stage T3 or T4 disease, 75 (22.0%) with metastatic disease and 84 (24.6%) with Gleason score ≥ 8. Factors associated with advanced and high-grade disease included smoking, decreased sunlight exposure and physical activity, relatively increased ingestion of dairy products and red meat. Factors associated with early stage and low-grade disease included relatively increased ingestion of fruits, vegetables and fish. Conclusion: Advanced and high-grade PCa disease is not uncommon among men ≥ 60 years in this study setting. Certain modifiable risk factors associated with advanced disease were established in this study. The majority had lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) prior to PCa diagnosis, but they were of poor health-seeking behaviour. Although there seems not to be a systematic delay in the definitive diagnosis and initiation of treatment for PCa, there is a need to improve on health education ...
Keywords	prostate cancer ; black men ; african men ; risk factors ; social determinants ; disease stage and grade ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AOSIS
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Experience of the new seizure diary in the Free State and Northern Cape

Chika K. Egenasi / Anandan A. Moodley / Wilhelm J. Steinberg / Gina Joubert

South African Family Practice, Vol 65, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disease affecting adults and children globally. A seizure diary is one of the self-management tools for tracking seizures. This study aims to ascertain the experience of a new seizure diary by persons completing the ...

Abstract	Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disease affecting adults and children globally. A seizure diary is one of the self-management tools for tracking seizures. This study aims to ascertain the experience of a new seizure diary by persons completing the diary in the Free State and Northern Cape of South Africa. Methods: Adult patients with epilepsy attending Universitas Academic Hospital epilepsy clinic in Bloemfontein, clinics in Kimberley and the casualty department of Kimberley hospital (Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe hospital) received a new seizure diary. After using the diary for 6 months, participants (patients, relatives or caregivers) completed a questionnaire. Results: A total of 139 epilepsy patients received a new seizure diary; 67 previously diary-unexposed participants and 33 participants who had previous exposure to a seizure diary. The majority of participants, namely 91% of previously diary-unexposed and 84.9% of participants who had previous exposure to the seizure diary, understood the new seizure diary. Participants who had previous exposure to a seizure diary were predominantly very positive about the new diary because it had more information. However, 21.2% indicated that they preferred the old one because it was easier to complete. Conclusion: Patients, caregivers or relatives from both groups used the new seizure diary and provided important information about their experience with the new diary. Despite a few complaints about using the new diary, most participants who had previous exposure to a seizure diary preferred the new seizure diary. Contribution: This study explored participants’ opinions of the new seizure diary.
Keywords	seizure diary ; epilepsy ; paper diary ; electronic diary ; seizure frequency ; participants who had previous exposure to a seizure diary ; previously diary-unexposed participants ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AOSIS
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’ knowledge, attitude and practice of lifestyle modifications

Paul I. Peter / Wilhelm J. Steinberg / Cornel van Rooyen / Johan Botes

Health SA Gesondheid: Journal of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Vol 27, Iss 0, Pp e1-e

2022 Volume 7

Abstract: Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant health burden globally, with uncontrolled DM often resulting in short- and long-term complications. Unfortunately, healthcare providers have little control over patients’ necessary lifestyle ... ...

Abstract	Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant health burden globally, with uncontrolled DM often resulting in short- and long-term complications. Unfortunately, healthcare providers have little control over patients’ necessary lifestyle modification practices outside the consultation room. Aim: To determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of lifestyle modifications among patients with T2DM attending the National District Hospital Outpatient Department, Bloemfontein, and identify possible barriers to lifestyle modifications experienced by patients. Setting: Outpatient Department at a Free State hospital. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study, patients with previously diagnosed T2DM were invited to participate. Respondents completed a structured questionnaire to assess their KAP regarding lifestyle modifications. Results: Of the 149 respondents, 64.4% (n = 94) were obese and 24.0% (n = 35) overweight despite good knowledge of lifestyle modifications. Respondents displayed a positive attitude toward physical exercise but less so to adjusting their diets. In practice, 63.4% (n = 83) claimed to exercise regularly, but two-thirds irregularly monitored their weight. The practice of a controlled and planned diet was poor. Perceived barriers to lifestyle modifications included being too busy to engage in physical exercise, bad weather and financial constraints. Conclusion: Despite displaying good knowledge regarding lifestyle modifications, the attitude and practice thereof remain poor. It is essential to re-emphasise to patients why it is crucial to engage in lifestyle modification practices and assess whether they are doing so correctly. Contribution: It highlights the importance of lifestyle considerations of T2DM patients in the clinical context.
Keywords	diabetes mellitus ; type 2 ; lifestyle modifications ; knowledge ; attitude ; practice ; barriers ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	796
Language	Afrikaans
Publishing date	2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AOSIS
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Clinical review of the clinical necessity of lumbar punctures performed on adults at National District Hospital Emergency Department

Suné Geldenhuys / Cecil Boltman / Wilhelm J. Steinberg / Johan Botes / Cornel van Rooyen

South African Family Practice, Vol 64, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: Background: Previous studies have found that indications for lumbar punctures (LPs) are managed differently, which raises the question of whether all LPs performed are clinically necessary. This study aimed to determine whether unnecessary (clinically ... ...

Abstract	Background: Previous studies have found that indications for lumbar punctures (LPs) are managed differently, which raises the question of whether all LPs performed are clinically necessary. This study aimed to determine whether unnecessary (clinically not indicated) LPs were being performed at a district hospital in the Free State, South Africa. Method: This was a retrospective descriptive study. A list from the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) was used to identify all patients on whom an LP was performed in the adult emergency department of National District Hospital (NDH) in Bloemfontein, from 1 January 2018 to 30 June 2018. Data were captured on a data sheet and included demographic information, clinical signs and symptoms the patients presented with and the cerebrospinal fluid results. Results: A total of 364 patients fit the inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 97 files (26.6%) could not be found, patient gender and LP results could be retrieved from the NHLS barcodes. After reviewing the presenting symptoms and signs captured on the 267 files, the primary researcher considered 150 (56.4%) of the LPs performed to have been carried out unnecessarily. From the total population of 364 patients, 246 (67.6%) of the LP results were normal. Only 118 (32.4%) of the LPs performed showed some form of central nervous system pathology. Of the 150 LPs assessed to have been unnecessarily performed, 124 (84.0%) were normal. Conclusion: This retrospective review indicates that a high percentage of LPs that were clinically not indicated were performed at NDH during the study period.
Keywords	lumbar puncture ; district hospital ; prevalence ; clinically indicated ; necessity ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AOSIS
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Knowledge, attitude and practice on screening and early diagnosis of prostate cancer of primary health care providers in the Free State

Matthew O.A. Benedict / Wilhelm J. Steinberg / Frederik M. Claassen / Nathaniel Mofolo / Cornel van Rooyen

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

2023 Volume 12

Abstract: Background: Prostate cancer is topmost in terms of incidence and mortality among men in sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa. Prostate cancer screening is beneficial only to certain categories of men, making a rational screening approach necessary. ...

Abstract	Background: Prostate cancer is topmost in terms of incidence and mortality among men in sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa. Prostate cancer screening is beneficial only to certain categories of men, making a rational screening approach necessary. Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) regarding prostate cancer screening among primary health care (PHC) providers in the Free State, South Africa. Setting: Selected district hospitals, local clinics and general practice rooms. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical survey. Participating nurses and community health workers (CHWs) were selected through stratified random sampling. All available medical doctors and clinical associates were approached to participate, totalling 548 participants. Relevant information was obtained from these PHC providers using self-administered questionnaires. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were computed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Version 9. A p-value 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most participants had poor knowledge (64.8%), neutral attitudes (58.6%) and poor practice (40.0%). Female PHC providers, lower cadre nurses and CHWs had lower mean knowledge scores. Not participating in prostate cancer–related continuing medical education was associated with poor knowledge (p 0.001), negative attitudes (p = 0.047) and poor practice (p 0.001). Conclusion: This study established appreciable KAP gaps relating to prostate cancer screening among PHC providers. Identified gaps should be addressed through the preferred teaching and learning strategies suggested by the participants. Contribution: This study establishes the need to address KAP gaps regarding prostate cancer screening among PHC providers; therefore necessitating the capacity-building roles of district family physicians.
Keywords	knowledge ; attitude and practice ; primary healthcare practitioners ; primary healthcare providers ; prostate cancer screening ; early diagnosis ; Medicine ; R ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AOSIS
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Profile of dog bite injuries in patients presenting at Kimberley Hospital Complex’s emergency and gateway centres, 2015 to 2017

Nyitiba Ishaya / Talat Habib / Cornel van Rooyen / Wilhelm J. Steinberg

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

2020 Volume 7

Abstract: Background: Dog bite injuries in humans remain a public health problem. There is limited nationally representative data on the magnitude of the problem and the epidemiological profile of dog bite injuries in South Africa. Aim: To describe the profile of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Dog bite injuries in humans remain a public health problem. There is limited nationally representative data on the magnitude of the problem and the epidemiological profile of dog bite injuries in South Africa. Aim: To describe the profile of dog bite injuries in patients presenting to Kimberley Hospital Complex (KHC) emergency and gateway centres. To determine the prevalence of dog bite injuries amongst all patients presenting to these centres and the compliance of mandatory notification of dog bites. Setting: Kimberley Hospital Complex emergency and gateway centres. Methods: A retrospective review of all dog bite cases who presented to KHC from August 2015 to July 2017. The total number of all patients who presented were taken into consideration for calculating the prevalence of dog bite cases. Results: During the study period, 433 dog bite cases were identified out of 107 731 patients seen at emergency and gateway centres, giving a prevalence of 0.4%. Of all cases, 62.4% were male patients and 37.6% were female patients. Most affected age group was between 10 and 19 years (19.6%). Category II exposure type accounted for the majority of the cases (59.4%). Unvaccinated dogs were incriminated in 61.9% of cases. Stray dogs were responsible for 83.1% of all injuries. More than half of the cases (47.9%) were notified by the treating doctors. Conclusion: Dog bite injuries in Kimberley were commonest in children and adolescents. The prevalence tended to decrease in adulthood with advancing age groups. Most bites resulted from unvaccinated stray dogs. Only about half of the cases were notified to the appropriate authorities. Prevalence of dog bite injuries amongst patients presenting at KHC resulted in the low rate of 0.4%. Awareness needs to be created amongst health care providers on the importance of notification of all exposure to rabies. More efforts are required at the prevention of dog bites in children and adolescents through stringent measures to limit the number of free-roaming dogs.
Keywords	prevalence ; dog bite injury ; profile ; notification ; kimberley ; northern cape ; Medicine ; R ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AOSIS
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of men in a South African rural community in relation to exclusive breastfeeding

Oscar M. Mabele / Matthew O.A. Benedict / Wilhelm J. Steinberg / Elizabeth Reji / Cornel van Rooyen / Anthonio O. Adefuye

South African Family Practice, Vol 64, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: Background: Several lifelong maternal, child and societal health benefits have been associated with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). However, despite all the potential advantages, EBF rates have been consistently low in developing countries, including ... ...

Abstract	Background: Several lifelong maternal, child and societal health benefits have been associated with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). However, despite all the potential advantages, EBF rates have been consistently low in developing countries, including South Africa. It has been suggested that the knowledge, attitudes and practices of male partners in relation to EBF are amongst the important factors that contribute to the success of EBF practices. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of men in Botshabelo, Free State province, South Africa, regarding EBF. Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional analytical study that utilised a structured questionnaire administered to 200 adult men attending the outpatient department of a district hospital, in the Free State province, South Africa. Results: The majority (n = 83; 41.5%) of participants had poor knowledge of EBF but reported positive attitudes (n = 153, 76.5%) and good practices (n = 151, 75.5%) towards EBF, respectively. Age, levels of education, employment status, marital status and whether the participant accompanied his partner to the antenatal clinic were associated with adequate knowledge, positive attitudes and good practices in relation to EBF (p 0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed a suboptimal level of knowledge on EBF in men in Botshabelo. Most men had positive attitudes and reported good practices in relation to EBF. Our findings highlight the need for targeted community-based intervention programmes directed to educating and promoting positive social and cultural change in relation to EBF amongst men in Botshabelo.
Keywords	exclusive breastfeeding ; knowledge ; attitudes ; practice ; adult males ; south africa ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AOSIS
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mastering your fellowship

Klaus B. von Pressentin / Mergan Naidoo / Wilhelm J. Steinberg / Lushiku Nkombua / Tasleem Ras

South African Family Practice, Vol 62, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

2020 Volume 8

Abstract: The series, ‘Mastering your Fellowship’, provides examples of the Different question formats encountered in the written and clinical examinations, that is, Part A of the Fellowship of the College of Family Physicians of South Africa (FCFP [SA]) ... ...

Abstract	The series, ‘Mastering your Fellowship’, provides examples of the Different question formats encountered in the written and clinical examinations, that is, Part A of the Fellowship of the College of Family Physicians of South Africa (FCFP [SA]) examination. The series is aimed at helping family medicine registrars prepare for this examination.
Keywords	fcfp (sa) ; examination ; assessment ; family medicine ; registrars ; multiple choice questions ; objectively structured clinical examination ; evidence based medicine ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AOSIS
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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