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  1. Article ; Online: The DIRAC framework: Geometric structure underlies roles of

    Sniatynski, Matthew J / Shepherd, John A / Wilkens, Lynne R / Hsu, D Frank / Kristal, Bruce S

    Patterns (New York, N.Y.)

    2024  Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) 100924

    Abstract: Combining classification systems potentially improves predictive accuracy, but outcomes have proven impossible to predict. Similar to improving binary classification with fusion, fusing ranking systems most commonly increases Pearson or Spearman ... ...

    Abstract Combining classification systems potentially improves predictive accuracy, but outcomes have proven impossible to predict. Similar to improving binary classification with fusion, fusing ranking systems most commonly increases Pearson or Spearman correlations with a target when the input classifiers are "sufficiently good" (generalized as "
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2666-3899
    ISSN (online) 2666-3899
    DOI 10.1016/j.patter.2024.100924
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Arecoline in buccal cells reflects Areca nut dose.

    Lai, Jennifer F / Mendez, Ana Joy / Li, Xingnan / Wilkens, Lynne R / Herzog, Thaddeus / Franke, Adrian A

    Drug testing and analysis

    2024  

    Abstract: Areca nut (AN) is a carcinogen; its chewing cessation is, therefore, of worldwide interest. However, cessation biomarkers are lacking. We sought to establish arecoline in chewers' buccal cells (BCs) as a biomarker for AN dose. Self-reported AN doses, ... ...

    Abstract Areca nut (AN) is a carcinogen; its chewing cessation is, therefore, of worldwide interest. However, cessation biomarkers are lacking. We sought to establish arecoline in chewers' buccal cells (BCs) as a biomarker for AN dose. Self-reported AN doses, expressed as the average AN load ("AANL"), the product of AN amount, chewing time, and chewing frequency, were correlated by regression analysis with chewers' BC arecoline, measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We then determined whether associations differed between Class 1 chewers (who consume AN alone or with slaked lime, leaf, and/or spices) and Class 2 chewers (who consume any combination of the aforementioned ingredients plus tobacco). Among the 103 chewers, 28 Class 1 and 39 Class 2 chewers had detectable arecoline levels, which were used for analyses. A linear regression of cube-root transformed AANL on equally transformed BC arecoline levels provided the best model fit; resulting slopes and corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.86 and 0.40 (p < 0.01) for all; 1.09 and 0.51 (p < 0.01) for Class 1 chewers; 0.35 and 0.17 (p = 0.29) for Class 2 chewers; and 0.94 and 0.45 (p < 0.01), and 0.79 and 0.37 (p = 0.08), respectively, for those who included or excluded lime. Relationships between AANL and BC arecoline levels were similar between chewers who included or excluded lime (p = 0.76), but less between chewing classes (p = 0.14). This provides confidence that BC arecoline can generally act as a reliable biomarker for AN dose, useful for estimating efficacy in AN cessation studies and population-based chewing assessments.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2462336-2
    ISSN 1942-7611 ; 1942-7603
    ISSN (online) 1942-7611
    ISSN 1942-7603
    DOI 10.1002/dta.3684
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Population-attributable risk of modifiable lifestyle factors to hepatocellular carcinoma: The multi-ethnic cohort.

    Zhou, Kali / Lim, Tiffany / Dodge, Jennifer L / Terrault, Norah A / Wilkens, Lynne R / Setiawan, V Wendy

    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics

    2023  Volume 58, Issue 1, Page(s) 89–98

    Abstract: Background and aims: Lifestyle factors are well associated with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the impact of reducing adverse lifestyle behaviours on population-level burden of HCC is uncertain.: Methods: We conducted prospective ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: Lifestyle factors are well associated with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the impact of reducing adverse lifestyle behaviours on population-level burden of HCC is uncertain.
    Methods: We conducted prospective analysis of the population-based multi-ethnic cohort (MEC) with linkage to cancer registries. The association of lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol, diet quality assessed by alternate Mediterranean diet score, coffee drinking, physical activity and body mass index) with HCC incidence was examined using Cox regression. Population-attributable risk (PAR, %) for the overall, lean and overweight/obese populations was determined.
    Results: A total of 753 incident cases of HCC were identified in 181,346 participants over median follow-up of 23.1 years. Lifestyle factors associated with elevated HCC risk included former/current smoking, heavy alcohol use, poor diet quality, lower coffee intake and obesity, but not physical activity. The lifestyle factor with highest PAR was lower coffee intake (21.3%; 95% CI: 8.9%-33.0%), followed by current smoking (15.1%; 11.1%-19.0%), obesity (14.5%; 9.2%-19.8%), heavy alcohol use (7.1%; 3.5%-10.6%) and lower diet quality (4.1%; 0.1%-8.1%). The combined PAR of all high-risk lifestyle factors was 51.9% (95% CI: 30.1%-68.6%). A higher combined PAR was observed among lean (65.2%, 26.8%-85.7%) compared to overweight/obese (37.4%, 11.7%-58.3%) participants. Adjusting for viral hepatitis status in a linked MEC-Medicare dataset resulted in similar PAR results.
    Conclusions: Modifying lifestyle factors, particularly coffee intake, may have a substantial impact on HCC burden in diverse populations, with greater impact among lean adults. Diet and lifestyle counselling should be incorporated into HCC prevention strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Aged ; United States ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology ; Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Overweight/complications ; Coffee ; Prospective Studies ; Medicare ; Obesity/complications ; Life Style ; Alcohol Drinking ; Incidence
    Chemical Substances Coffee
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 639012-2
    ISSN 1365-2036 ; 0269-2813 ; 0953-0673
    ISSN (online) 1365-2036
    ISSN 0269-2813 ; 0953-0673
    DOI 10.1111/apt.17523
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  4. Article ; Online: Thyroid Cancer Survival in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

    Abe, Janine V / Park, Song-Yi / Haiman, Christopher A / Cheng, Iona / Le Marchand, Loïc / Hernandez, Brenda Y / Wilkens, Lynne R

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2024  Volume 21, Issue 3

    Abstract: Objective: The US 5-year survival rate after thyroid cancer (TC) diagnosis is over 95%. Our aim was to investigate survival differences by sex and race and ethnicity in a multiethnic US population.: Design: In the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study, a ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The US 5-year survival rate after thyroid cancer (TC) diagnosis is over 95%. Our aim was to investigate survival differences by sex and race and ethnicity in a multiethnic US population.
    Design: In the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study, a total of 605 incident TC cases were identified by linkage to HI and CA statewide cancer registries. Cox models were performed to compare the risk of all-cause mortality among TC cases by sex and race and ethnicity, with adjustment for age, first course of treatment, baseline body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Survival among cases was also compared to matched MEC controls with no thyroid cancer.
    Results: After a mean follow-up of 10.1 years, 250 deaths occurred among TC cases, including 63 deaths attributed to thyroid cancer. The median survival was 14.7 years, and the 5-year age-adjusted overall survival was 84.4% for female cases and 68.7% for male cases (
    Conclusions: Sex and racial and ethnic disparities in survival among TC cases were similar to those found in the general population. However, cases with TC had an excess risk of death among males and for Filipinos.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Male ; Cohort Studies ; Ethnicity ; Hispanic or Latino ; Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology ; White ; Asian ; Survival Rate ; Black or African American ; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph21030324
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  5. Article ; Online: Avocado and Guacamole Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

    Cheng, Feon W / Park, Song-Yi / Haiman, Christopher A / Wilkens, Lynne R / Le Marchand, Loïc / Ford, Nikki A

    Nutrition and cancer

    2024  Volume 76, Issue 4, Page(s) 372–378

    Abstract: Dietary fiber and phytonutrients can protect against colorectal cancer, yet their consumption is low in the US. Avocados are a potential source of these beneficial nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between avocados/ ... ...

    Abstract Dietary fiber and phytonutrients can protect against colorectal cancer, yet their consumption is low in the US. Avocados are a potential source of these beneficial nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between avocados/guacamole consumption and colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. We assessed avocados/guacamole consumption by using a food frequency questionnaire. We classified participants into three consumer groups: <1 serving/month, 1-3 servings/month, and ≥1 serving/week with one serving defined as ½ avocado or ½ cup. Colorectal cancer cases were ascertained through the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards models of colorectal cancer were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals across avocados/guacamole intake groups in each sex overall and by anatomic subsite (i.e., right colon, left colon, and rectum) and race and ethnicity. Of 192,651 eligible participants, 62.8% reported consuming <1 serving/month avocados/guacamole, 26.7% reported 1-3 servings/month, and 10.5% reported ≥1 serving/week. When adjusted for relevant covariates, there was no significant association with incident colorectal cancer overall, for subsites, or within racial and ethnic subgroups (all p for trend ≥ 0.06). In this large prospective cohort study, we did not find that consumption of avocados/guacamole was associated with colorectal cancer risk.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cohort Studies ; Persea ; Risk Factors ; Prospective Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Vegetables
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 424433-3
    ISSN 1532-7914 ; 0163-5581
    ISSN (online) 1532-7914
    ISSN 0163-5581
    DOI 10.1080/01635581.2024.2320950
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Healthful Plant-Based Dietary Pattern and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Multiethnic Population: A Cohort Study.

    Kim, Jihye / Setiawan, Veronica Wendy / Wilkens, Lynne R / Le Marchand, Loïc / Park, Song-Yi

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2023  Volume 118, Issue 1, Page(s) 194–200

    Abstract: Background: Plant-based dietary patterns assessed by a priori indices are associated with various health outcomes, but have rarely been examined in relation to liver cancer.: Objectives: This study investigated the associations between plant-based ... ...

    Abstract Background: Plant-based dietary patterns assessed by a priori indices are associated with various health outcomes, but have rarely been examined in relation to liver cancer.
    Objectives: This study investigated the associations between plant-based diets and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluated whether the associations vary by sex and race and ethnicity.
    Methods: Data were from a total of 170,321 African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and White adults aged 45-75 y who completed a food frequency questionnaire in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cox models with adjustment for potential confounders were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for HCC according to 3 plant-based diet scores: overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI).
    Results: During a mean follow-up of 19.6 y, 722 incident HCC cases were identified. Multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI) per 10-point increase was 0.82 (0.71-0.94) for PDI, 0.84 (0.74-0.96) for hPDI, and 1.08 (0.95-1.23) for uPDI. We found no significant differences by sex (all P
    Conclusion: Greater adherence to plant-based diets rich in healthy plant foods and low in less healthy plant foods is associated with a reduced risk of HCC in a multiethnic population.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Cohort Studies ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology ; Diet, Vegetarian ; Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Liver Neoplasms/etiology ; Diet ; Plants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.031
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  7. Article ; Online: Smoking and pancreatic cancer: a sex-specific analysis in the Multiethnic Cohort study.

    Gram, Inger T / Park, Song-Yi / Wilkens, Lynne R / Le Marchand, Loïc / Setiawan, Veronica Wendy

    Cancer causes & control : CCC

    2022  Volume 34, Issue 1, Page(s) 89–100

    Abstract: Purpose: To examine whether the detrimental smoking-related association with pancreatic cancer (PC) is the same for women as for men.: Methods: We analyzed data from 192,035 participants aged 45-75 years, enrolled in the Multiethnic Cohort study (MEC) ...

    Abstract Purpose: To examine whether the detrimental smoking-related association with pancreatic cancer (PC) is the same for women as for men.
    Methods: We analyzed data from 192,035 participants aged 45-75 years, enrolled in the Multiethnic Cohort study (MEC) in 1993-1996. We identified PC cases via linkage to the Hawaii and California Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program cancer registries through December 2017.
    Results: During a mean follow-up of 19.2 years, we identified 1,936 incident PC cases. Women smokers smoked on average less than men smokers. In multivariate Cox regression models, as compared with sex-specific never smokers, current smokers had a similar elevated risk of PC for women, hazard ratio (HR) 1.49 (95% CI 1.24, 1.79) and as for men, HR 1.48 (95% CI 1.22, 1.79) (p
    Conclusion: Although MEC women smoke on average less than their men counterparts, the smoking-related increase in PC risk and the benefits of cessation seem to be of similar magnitudes for women as for men.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Cohort Studies ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1064022-8
    ISSN 1573-7225 ; 0957-5243
    ISSN (online) 1573-7225
    ISSN 0957-5243
    DOI 10.1007/s10552-022-01637-z
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  8. Article: No Association of

    Nagata, Michelle / Tome, Anne / White, Kami / Wilkens, Lynne R / Park, Song-Yi / Le Marchand, Loïc / Haiman, Christopher / Hernandez, Brenda Y

    Cancers

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 21

    Abstract: The potential involvement of a sexually transmitted agent has been suggested to contribute to the high number of prostate cancers in the United States and worldwide. We investigated the relationship ... ...

    Abstract The potential involvement of a sexually transmitted agent has been suggested to contribute to the high number of prostate cancers in the United States and worldwide. We investigated the relationship of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527080-1
    ISSN 2072-6694
    ISSN 2072-6694
    DOI 10.3390/cancers15215194
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  9. Article ; Online: The impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening and treatment in older adults: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

    Mak, Victoria P / White, Kami / Wilkens, Lynne R / Cheng, Iona / Haiman, Christopher A / Le Marchand, Loic

    eLife

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: Background: The Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted the health and day-to-day life of individuals, especially the elderly and people with certain pre-existing medical conditions, including cancer. The purpose of this study was to ... ...

    Abstract Background: The Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted the health and day-to-day life of individuals, especially the elderly and people with certain pre-existing medical conditions, including cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate how COVID-19 impacted access to cancer screenings and treatment, by studying the participants in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study.
    Methods: The MEC has been following over 215,000 residents of Hawai'i and Los Angeles for the development of cancer and other chronic diseases since 1993-1996. It includes men and women of five racial and ethnic groups: African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and White. In 2020, surviving participants were sent an invitation to complete an online survey on the impact of COVID-19 on their daily life activities, including adherence to cancer screening and treatment. Approximately 7,000 MEC participants responded. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between the postponement of regular health care visits and cancer screening procedures or treatment with race and ethnicity, age, education, and comorbidity.
    Results: Women with more education, women with lung disease, COPD, or asthma, and women and men diagnosed with cancer in the past 5 years were more likely to postpone any cancer screening test/procedure due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Groups less likely to postpone cancer screening included older women compared to younger women and Japanese American men and women compared to White men and women.
    Conclusions: This study revealed specific associations of race/ethnicity, age, education level, and comorbidities with the cancer-related screening and healthcare of MEC participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased monitoring of patients in high-risk groups for cancer and other diseases is of the utmost importance as the chance of undiagnosed cases or poor prognosis is increased as a result of delayed screening and treatment.
    Funding: This research was partially supported by the Omidyar 'Ohana Foundation and grant U01 CA164973 from the National Cancer Institute.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Early Detection of Cancer ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Neoplasms/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.86562
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  10. Article ; Online: Interethnic Differences in Bladder Cancer Incidence and the Association between Type 2 Diabetes and Bladder Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

    Bogumil, David / Cortessis, Victoria K / Wilkens, Lynne R / Le Marchand, Loïc / Haiman, Christopher A / Maskarinec, Gertraud / Setiawan, Veronica Wendy

    Cancer research communications

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 5, Page(s) 755–762

    Abstract: Background: Research on the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and bladder cancer (BCA) risk among non-European ancestry populations is sparse to nonexistent, and most prior studies rely on a single baseline assessment of T2D status.: Methods: ...

    Abstract Background: Research on the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and bladder cancer (BCA) risk among non-European ancestry populations is sparse to nonexistent, and most prior studies rely on a single baseline assessment of T2D status.
    Methods: We estimated the T2D-BCA association using the Multiethnic Cohort Study of 185,059 men and women in California and Hawaii. Participants were African American, European American, Japanese American, Latin American, and Native Hawaiian, ages 45-75 years at enrollment (1993-1996). T2D was assessed by self-report at baseline, follow-up surveys, and Medicare claims. Cases were identified using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program cancer registries through 2016. Associations were estimated by race/ethnicity using Cox proportional hazards regression. Adjusted attributable fractions (AAF) and cumulative absolute risk of bladder cancer were estimated across groups.
    Results: Over an average 19.7 years of follow-up 1,890 incident bladder cancer cases were diagnosed. Time-varying T2D was associated with bladder cancer in the multiethnic sample (HR = 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.30); however, the HR did not differ by race/ethnicity (
    Conclusion: T2D is significantly associated with bladder cancer risk in a multiethnic sample.
    Significance: Those with T2D have higher incidence of bladder cancer, regardless of racial/ethnic group. Reducing T2D prevalence could substantially lower bladder cancer incidence among Native Hawaiians due to T2D being more common in this group. High absolute risk of bladder cancer among European Americans, regardless of T2D status, indicates that elevated bladder cancer risk in this group may be due to factors other than T2D. Future studies must explore reasons for this difference in incidence.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; United States/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Medicare ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2767-9764
    ISSN (online) 2767-9764
    DOI 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-22-0288
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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