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Article ; Online: Precise control of microfluidic flow conditions is critical for harnessing the in vitro transfection capability of pDNA-loaded lipid-Eudragit nanoparticles.

Santhanes, Diviya / Zhang, Huiming / Wilkins, Alex / Aitken, Robert John / Gannon, Anne-Louise / Liang, Mingtao

Drug delivery and translational research

2024

Abstract: Microfluidics is widely regarded as a leading technology for industrial-scale manufacture of multicomponent, gene-based nanomedicines in a reproducible manner. Yet, very few investigations detail the impact of flow conditions on the biological ... ...

Abstract	Microfluidics is widely regarded as a leading technology for industrial-scale manufacture of multicomponent, gene-based nanomedicines in a reproducible manner. Yet, very few investigations detail the impact of flow conditions on the biological performance of the product, particularly biocompatibility and therapeutic efficiency. Herein, this study investigated the engineering of a novel lipid-Eudragit hybrid nanoparticle in a bifurcating microfluidics micromixer for plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery. Nanoparticles of ~150 nm in size, with uniform polydispersity index (PDI = 0.2) and ξ-potential of 5-11 mV were formed across flow rate ratios (FRR, aqueous to organic phase) of 3:1 and 5:1, respectively. The hybrid nanoparticles maintained colloidal stability and structural integrity of loaded pDNA following recovery by ultracentrifugation. Importantly, in vitro testing in human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293T) revealed significant differences in biocompatibility and transfection efficiency (TE). Lipid-Eudragit nanoparticles produced at FRR 3:1 displayed high cellular toxicity (0-30% viability), compared with nanoparticles prepared at FRR 5:1 (50-100% viability). Red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression was sustained for 24-72 h following exposure of cells to nanoparticles, indicating controlled release of pDNA and trafficking to the nucleus. Nanoparticles produced at FRR 5:1 resulted in markedly higher TE (12%) compared with those prepared at FRR 3:1 (2%). Notably, nanoparticles produced using the bench-scale nanoprecipitation method resulted in lower biocompatibility (30-90%) but higher RFP expression (25-38%). These findings emphasize the need for in-depth analysis of the effect of formulation and flow conditions on the physicochemical and biological performance of gene nanomedicines when transitioning from bench to clinic.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2590155-2
ISSN	2190-3948 ; 2190-393X
ISSN (online)	2190-3948
ISSN	2190-393X
DOI	10.1007/s13346-024-01523-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Engineering pH-sensitive dissolution of lipid-polymer nanoparticles by Eudragit integration impacts plasmid DNA (pDNA) transfection.

Santhanes, Diviya / Zhang, Huiming / Wilkins, Alex / John Aitken, Robert / Gannon, Anne-Louise / Liang, Mingtao

European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V

2024 , Page(s) 114299

Abstract: Lipid-polymer nanoparticles offer a promising strategy for improving gene nanomedicines by combining the benefits of biocompatibility and stability associated with the individual systems. However, research to date has focused on poly-lactic-co-glycolic ... ...

Abstract	Lipid-polymer nanoparticles offer a promising strategy for improving gene nanomedicines by combining the benefits of biocompatibility and stability associated with the individual systems. However, research to date has focused on poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and resulted in inefficient transfection. In this study, biocompatible Eudragit constructs E100 and RS100 were formulated as lipid-polymer nanoparticles loaded with pDNA expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) as a model therapeutic. Using a facile nanoprecipitation technique, a core-shell structure stabilised by lipid-polyethylene glycol (PEG) surfactant was produced and displayed resistance to ultracentrifugation. Both cationic polymers E100 (pH-sensitive dissolution at 5) and RS100 (pH-insensitive dissolution) produced 150-200 nm sized particles with a small positive surface charge (+3-5 mV) and high pDNA encapsulation efficiencies (EE) of 75-90 %. The dissolution properties of the Eudragit polymers significantly impacted the biological performance in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T). Nanoparticles composed of polymer RS100 resulted in consistently high cell viability (80-100 %), whereas polymer E100 demonstrated dose-dependent behaviour (20-90 % cell viability). The low dissolution of polymer RS100 over the full pH range and the resulting nanoparticles failed to induce RFP expression in HEK293T cells. In contrast, polymer E100-constructed nanoparticles resulted in reproducible and gradually increasing RFP expression of 26-42 % at 48-72 h. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of the polymer E100-based nanoparticles in C57BL/6 mice resulted in targeted RFP expression in mouse testes with favourable biocompatibility one-week post-administration. These findings predicate Eudragit based lipid-polymer nanoparticles as a novel and effective carrier for nucleic acids, which could facilitate pre-clinical evaluation and translation of gene nanomedicines.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1065368-5
ISSN	1873-3441 ; 0939-6411
ISSN (online)	1873-3441
ISSN	0939-6411
DOI	10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114299
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Article: Feeling the music: The feel and sound of songs attenuate pain.

Lad, Dhillon / Wilkins, Alex / Johnstone, Emma / Vuong, Quoc C

British journal of pain

2022 Volume 16, Issue 5, Page(s) 518–527

Abstract: Background: Extensive research has demonstrated that music and touch can separately attenuate perceived pain intensity. However, little research has investigated how auditory and tactile stimulation can synergistically enhance pain attenuation by music. ...

Abstract	Background: Extensive research has demonstrated that music and touch can separately attenuate perceived pain intensity. However, little research has investigated how auditory and tactile stimulation can synergistically enhance pain attenuation by music. In the current study, we investigated whether tactile stimulation can enhance music-induced analgesia for noxious force stimulation on the fingertip. Methods: We systematically applied force to 34 listeners' fingertips to induce pain. We then compared the force measurement (in Newton) that gave rise to the Results: The results showed a significant interaction between song preference and stimulation condition. Listeners had higher force measurements at the same moderate pain for their Conclusions: The addition of tactile stimulation enhanced music-induced analgesia which reduced subjective pain intensity. The findings suggest that combined auditory and tactile stimulation may increase the affective content of self-selected preferred music, which may stimulate affective and motivation mechanisms which inhibit pain transmission.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2670872-3
ISSN	2049-4645 ; 2049-4637
ISSN (online)	2049-4645
ISSN	2049-4637
DOI	10.1177/20494637221097786
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Article ; Online: Development of peptides for targeting cell ablation agents concurrently to the Sertoli and Leydig cell populations of the testes: An approach to non-surgical sterilization.

Fraser, Barbara / Wilkins, Alex / Whiting, Sara / Liang, Mingtao / Rebourcet, Diane / Nixon, Brett / Aitken, Robert John

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) e0292198

Abstract: The surgical sterilization of cats and dogs has been used to prevent their unwanted breeding for decades. However, this is an expensive and invasive procedure, and often impractical in wider contexts, for example the control of feral populations. A ... ...

Abstract	The surgical sterilization of cats and dogs has been used to prevent their unwanted breeding for decades. However, this is an expensive and invasive procedure, and often impractical in wider contexts, for example the control of feral populations. A sterilization agent that could be administered in a single injection, would not only eliminate the risks imposed by surgery but also be a much more cost-effective solution to this worldwide problem. In this study, we sought to develop a targeting peptide that would selectively bind to Leydig cells of the testes. Subsequently, after covalently attaching a cell ablation agent, Auristatin, to this peptide we aimed to apply this conjugated product (LH2Auristatin) to adult male mice in vivo, both alone and together with a previously developed Sertoli cell targeting peptide (FSH2Menadione). The application of LH2Auristatin alone resulted in an increase in sperm DNA damage, reduced mean testes weights and mean seminiferous tubule size, along with extensive germ cell apoptosis and a reduction in litter sizes. Together with FSH2Menadione there was also an increase in embryo resorptions. These promising results were observed in around a third of all treated animals. Given this variability, we discuss how these reagents might be modified in order to increase target cell ablation and improve their efficacy as sterilization agents.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Mice ; Animals ; Cats ; Dogs ; Testis ; Leydig Cells ; Spermatogenesis ; Semen ; Sertoli Cells/metabolism ; Peptides/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Peptides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0292198
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Article ; Online: The St Thomas' Hospital Emergency Department Homeless Health Initiative: improving the quality, safety and equity of healthcare provided for homeless patients attending the ED.

Gallaher, Charles / Herrmann, Simone / Hunter, Laura / Wilkins, Alex

BMJ open quality

2020 Volume 9, Issue 1

Abstract: We carried out a quality improvement (QI) project (QIP), aiming to improve the quality, safety and equity of healthcare provided for homeless patients attending the emergency department (ED). We used QI methodology to identify areas for improvement, and ... ...

Abstract	We carried out a quality improvement (QI) project (QIP), aiming to improve the quality, safety and equity of healthcare provided for homeless patients attending the emergency department (ED). We used QI methodology to identify areas for improvement, and introduced and modified interventions over four Plan, Do, Study, Act cycles. We launched a departmental 'Homeless Health Initiative' (HHI), the chief intervention being the provision of 'Homeless Health Boxes' in the ED, which contained a 'Safe Discharge Checklist for Homeless Patients', maps to specialist homeless general practitioner surgeries and homeless day centres, information on other inclusion health services, copies of a local rough sleepers' magazine and oral hygiene supplies. Voluntary Homeless Link Nurses and a number of informal 'Homeless Health Champions' were appointed. The HHI was embedded in departmental awareness through regular presentations to staff and incorporation into the induction programme for new doctors. Staff satisfaction, in terms of how satisfied staff members were with the care they were able to provide for homeless patients in the ED on a 0-10 scale, improved modestly over the course of the QIP from median 6/10 to median 7/10. The number of staff who were severely dissatisfied with the care they were able to provide for homeless patients improved more markedly: first quartile staff satisfaction improved from 3.875/10 to 6.125/10. Staff compliance with the checklist was poor, with full compliance observed in only 15% of cases by the end of the QIP. An HHI is a cheap and worthwhile QI project, with the potential to significantly improve the quality, safety and equity of healthcare provided for homeless patients, while improving staff satisfaction concurrently. Similar initiatives should be considered in any ED which sees a significant number of homeless patients.
MeSH term(s)	Attitude of Health Personnel ; Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration ; Emergency Service, Hospital/standards ; Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Equity/standards ; Health Equity/statistics & numerical data ; Homeless Persons/statistics & numerical data ; Hospitals/standards ; Hospitals/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; London ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Safety/standards ; Patient Safety/statistics & numerical data ; Quality Improvement ; Social Work/instrumentation ; Social Work/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2399-6641
ISSN (online)	2399-6641
DOI	10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000820
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Article ; Online: Microfluidic formulation of lipid/polymer hybrid nanoparticles for plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery.

Santhanes, Diviya / Wilkins, Alex / Zhang, Huiming / John Aitken, Robert / Liang, Mingtao

International journal of pharmaceutics

2022 Volume 627, Page(s) 122223

Abstract: Lipid/polymer hybrid nanoparticles loaded with red fluorescent protein (RFP) encoded plasmid DNA (pDNA) was formulated using poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), cationic lipid DC-cholesterol and surfactant ... ...

Abstract	Lipid/polymer hybrid nanoparticles loaded with red fluorescent protein (RFP) encoded plasmid DNA (pDNA) was formulated using poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), cationic lipid DC-cholesterol and surfactant mPEG
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Lactic Acid ; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer ; Microfluidics ; HEK293 Cells ; Particle Size ; Plasmids ; Nanoparticles ; Transfection ; DNA/genetics ; Surface-Active Agents ; Lipids
Chemical Substances	Polyglycolic Acid (26009-03-0) ; Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT) ; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer (1SIA8062RS) ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Surface-Active Agents ; Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	428962-6
ISSN	1873-3476 ; 0378-5173
ISSN (online)	1873-3476
ISSN	0378-5173
DOI	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122223
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Article: Using Phylogenomic Data to Explore the Effects of Relaxed Clocks and Calibration Strategies on Divergence Time Estimation: Primates as a Test Case

Reis, Mario Dos / Gunnell, Gregg F / Barba-Montoya, Jose / Wilkins, Alex / Yang, Ziheng / Yoder, Anne D / Ho, Simon

Systematic biology. 2018 July 01, v. 67, no. 4

2018

Abstract: Primates have long been a test case for the development of phylogenetic methods for divergence time estimation. Despite a large number of studies, however, the timing of origination of crown Primates relative to the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary ... ...

Abstract	Primates have long been a test case for the development of phylogenetic methods for divergence time estimation. Despite a large number of studies, however, the timing of origination of crown Primates relative to the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary and the timing of diversification of the main crown groups remain controversial. Here, we analysed a data set of 372 taxa (367 Primates and 5 outgroups, 3.4 million aligned base pairs) that includes nine primate genomes. We systematically explore the effect of different interpretations of fossil calibrations and molecular clock models on primate divergence time estimates. We find that even small differences in the construction of fossil calibrations can have a noticeable impact on estimated divergence times, especially for the oldest nodes in the tree. Notably, choice of molecular rate model (autocorrelated or independently distributed rates) has an especially strong effect on estimated times, with the independent rates model producing considerably more ancient age estimates for the deeper nodes in the phylogeny. We implement thermodynamic integration, combined with Gaussian quadrature, in the program MCMCTree, and use it to calculate Bayes factors for clock models. Bayesian model selection indicates that the autocorrelated rates model fits the primate data substantially better, and we conclude that time estimates under this model should be preferred. We show that for eight core nodes in the phylogeny, uncertainty in time estimates is close to the theoretical limit imposed by fossil uncertainties. Thus, these estimates are unlikely to be improved by collecting additional molecular sequence data. All analyses place the origin of Primates close to the K–Pg boundary, either in the Cretaceous or straddling the boundary into the Palaeogene.
Keywords	Bayesian theory ; Cretaceous period ; Primates ; age determination ; autocorrelation ; data collection ; fossils ; genome ; phylogeny ; thermodynamics ; trees ; uncertainty
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0701
Size	p. 594-615.
Publishing place	Oxford University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1482572-7
ISSN	1076-836X ; 1063-5157
ISSN (online)	1076-836X
ISSN	1063-5157
DOI	10.1093/sysbio/syy001
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Article ; Online: (with research data) Using Phylogenomic Data to Explore the Effects of Relaxed Clocks and Calibration Strategies on Divergence Time Estimation: Primates as a Test Case.

Reis, Mario Dos / Gunnell, Gregg F / Barba-Montoya, Jose / Wilkins, Alex / Yang, Ziheng / Yoder, Anne D

Systematic biology

2018 Volume 67, Issue 4, Page(s) 594–615

Abstract	Primates have long been a test case for the development of phylogenetic methods for divergence time estimation. Despite a large number of studies, however, the timing of origination of crown Primates relative to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary and the timing of diversification of the main crown groups remain controversial. Here, we analysed a data set of 372 taxa (367 Primates and 5 outgroups, 3.4 million aligned base pairs) that includes nine primate genomes. We systematically explore the effect of different interpretations of fossil calibrations and molecular clock models on primate divergence time estimates. We find that even small differences in the construction of fossil calibrations can have a noticeable impact on estimated divergence times, especially for the oldest nodes in the tree. Notably, choice of molecular rate model (autocorrelated or independently distributed rates) has an especially strong effect on estimated times, with the independent rates model producing considerably more ancient age estimates for the deeper nodes in the phylogeny. We implement thermodynamic integration, combined with Gaussian quadrature, in the program MCMCTree, and use it to calculate Bayes factors for clock models. Bayesian model selection indicates that the autocorrelated rates model fits the primate data substantially better, and we conclude that time estimates under this model should be preferred. We show that for eight core nodes in the phylogeny, uncertainty in time estimates is close to the theoretical limit imposed by fossil uncertainties. Thus, these estimates are unlikely to be improved by collecting additional molecular sequence data. All analyses place the origin of Primates close to the K-Pg boundary, either in the Cretaceous or straddling the boundary into the Palaeogene.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Calibration ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fossils/anatomy & histology ; Genome ; Models, Genetic ; Phylogeny ; Primates/anatomy & histology ; Primates/classification ; Primates/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1482572-7
ISSN	1076-836X ; 1063-5157
ISSN (online)	1076-836X
ISSN	1063-5157
DOI	10.1093/sysbio/syy001
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Article: Preventing the importation of illicit nuclear materials in shipping containers.

Wein, Lawrence M / Wilkins, Alex H / Baveja, Manas / Flynn, Stephen E

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis

2006 Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 1377–1393

Abstract: We develop a mathematical model to find the optimal inspection strategy for detecting a nuclear weapon (or nuclear material to make a weapon) from being smuggled into the United States in a shipping container, subject to constraints of port congestion ... ...

Abstract	We develop a mathematical model to find the optimal inspection strategy for detecting a nuclear weapon (or nuclear material to make a weapon) from being smuggled into the United States in a shipping container, subject to constraints of port congestion and an overall budget. We consider an 11-layer security system consisting of shipper certification, container seals, and a targeting software system, followed by passive (neutron and gamma), active (gamma radiography), and manual testing at overseas and domestic ports. Currently implemented policies achieve a low detection probability, and improved security requires passive and active testing of trusted containers and manually opening containers that cannot be penetrated by radiography. The annual cost of achieving a high detection probability of a plutonium weapon using existing equipment in traditional ways is roughly several billion dollars if testing is done domestically, and is approximately five times higher if testing is performed overseas. Our results suggest that employing high-energy x-ray radiography and elongating the passive neutron tests at overseas ports may provide significant cost savings, and several developing technologies, radiation sensors inside containers and tamper-resistant electronic seals, should be pursued aggressively. Further effort is critically needed to develop a practical neutron interrogation scheme that reliably detects moderately shielded, highly enriched uranium.
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	778660-8
ISSN	1539-6924 ; 0272-4332
ISSN (online)	1539-6924
ISSN	0272-4332
DOI	10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00817.x
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Article ; Online: Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nepogodiev, Dmitri / Glasbey, James C / Li, Elizabeth / Omar, Omar M / Simoes, Joana FF / Abbott, Tom EF / Alser, Osaid / Arnaud, Alexis P / Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K / Breen, Kerry A / Cunha, Miguel F / Davidson, Giana H / Di Saverio, Salomone / Gallo, Gaetano / Griffiths, Ewen A / Gujjuri, Rohan R / Hutchinson, Peter J / Kaafarani, Haytham MA / Lederhuber, Hans /

Löffler, Markus W / Mashbari, Hassan N / Minaya-Bravo, Ana / Morton, Dion G / Moszkowicz, David / Pata, Francesco / Tsoulfas, George / Venn, Mary L / Bhangu, Aneel / Cox, Daniel / Roslani, April C / Alakaloko, Felix / de Vries, Jean-Paul PM / Aaraj, Mahmoud A / Abbott, Sarah J / Abdalla, Mutwakil OM / Abdelaal, Ahmed S / Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O / Aherne, Thomas M / Ali, Osman M / Alkadeeki, Ghadah Z / Almeida, Ana C / Alrahawy, Mahmoud M / Ambler, Graeme K / Alameer, Ehab / Andreani, Stefano M / De Andrés-Asenjo, Beatriz / Antonanzas, Leyre Lopez / Aoun, Salah G / Ashoush, Fouad M / Augestad, Knut Magne / Avellana, Rocio B / Ayeni, Funbi A / Ayorinde, John OO / Babu, Bheemanakone H / Baig, Mirza MAS / Bajomo, Oreoluwa M / Baker, Olivia J / Baker, Markus P / Baldwin, Alexander J / Ban, Vin Shen / Baron, Ryan D / Barranquero, Alberto G / Barry, Conor P / DI Bartolomeo, Alessandro / Bass, Gary A / Bath, Michael F / Batjer, H Hunt / Beamish, Andrew J / Belgaumkar, Ajay P / Bence, Matthew N / Benson, Ruth A / Bernal-Sprekelsen, Juan Carlos / Bhama, Anuradha R / Bhavaraju, Avi V / Biffl, Walter L / Blundell, Chris M / Boddy, Alexander P / Borgstein, Alexander BJ / Bosanquet, David C / Bosch, Karen D / Bouhuwaish, Ahmad EM / Bozkurt, Mehmet A / Brathwaite, Collin EM / Brown, Benjamin C / Brown, Oliver D / Brown, Allison K / Buarque, Igor Lima / Bueno-Cañones, Alejandro D / Bulugma, Mustafa R / Burke, Joshua R / Byrne, Matthew HV / Cagigal-Ortega, Elima P / Callcut, Rachael A / DI Candido, Francesca / Canova, Michaela E / Carlos, William J / Caruana, Edward J / Cato, Liam D / Catton, Andrew B / Ceretti, Andrea Pisani / Chase, Thomas JG / Chiara, Francesco Di / Chowdhury, Abeed H / Chung, Eric A / Cicerchia, Pierfranco M / Clough, Ethan CS / Coleman, Natasha L / Collins, Chris G / Collins, Michelle L / Colonna, Emily T / Comini, Lara V / Connolly, Tara M / Coughlin, Patrick A / Cruzado, Laura Fernández-Gomez / Davidson, Brian R / Davies, Richard J / Davies, Emma J / Davis, Niall F / Dawson, Brett E / Dean, Benjamin JF / Delgado, Maria Garcia-Conde / Diaz, Jose J / Dickson, Kathryn E / Diez-Alonso, Manuel M / Dixon, Jan R / Doe, Matthew J / Drake, Thomas D / Drake, Frederick T / Duffy, John P / Dunne, Declan FJ / Dunne, Naomi JM / Durán-Muñoz-Cruzado, Virginia M / Durst, Alexander ZE / Eardley, Nicola J / Edwards, John G / Elfallal, Ahmed H / Elfiky, Mahmoud MA / Elliott, Jessie A / Emile, Sameh H / Emslie, Katy M / Endorf, Frederick W / Engel, Jamie L / Enjuto, Diego T / Etchill, Eric W / Evans, Jonathan P / Fahey, Brian A / Faria, Carlos S / Feo, Carlo V / Ferguson, Henry JM / Fernandez, Beatriz Dieguez / Fernandez, Andres Garcia / Fernández, Antonio J / Fernández-Pacheco, Borja Camacho / Fitzgerald, J Edward / Fonsi, Giovanni B / Font, Roser Farré / Fowler, Amy L / Franco, Gregorio Di / Fretwell, Kenneth R / Fructuoso, Lorena Sanchon / Fusai, Giuseppe K / Garcia, Miguel Hernandez / Garcia-Ureña, Miguel Angel / Gill, Charn K / Gisbertz, Suzanne S / Del Giudice, Roberto / Giuffrida, Maria Carmela / Di Giuseppe, Matteo / Gómez, María Fanjul / González, Javier Serrano / Guariglia, Claudio A / Hainsworth, Alison J / Hall, Bria J / Hall, James RW / Hammond, John S / Haqqani, Maha H / Harrison, Ewen M / Hazelton, Joshua P / van Heinsbergen, Maarten / Hill, Arnold DK / Hing, Caroline B / Hirji, Sameer A / Ho, Michael WS / Holbrook, Charlotte M / Holme, Thomas J / Hopkins, James C / Hopkinson, David N / Hossain, Fahad S / Hudson, Victoria E / Hughes, Jane L / Hwang, E. Shelley / Ibrahim, Mohamed AH / Isolani, Simone M / Jara, Pablo Galindo / Jenkinson, Michael D / Jenny, Hillary E / Jeyaretna, Deva S / Jones, Robert P / Jones, Andrew P / Jonker, Pascal KC / Jönsson, Maria L / Joyce, Doireann P / Kalkwarf, Kyle J / Kamarajah, Sivesh K / El Kassas, Mohamed / Kavanagh, Dara O / Keatley, James M / Khalefa, Mohamed A / Khan, Jim S / Kirmani, Bilal H / Kisiel, Aaron P / Kouris, Spyros Marinos / Kowal, Mikolaj R / Labib, Peter L / Larkin, John O / Lauscher, Johannes C / Leclercq, Wouter KG / Ledesma, Frances SJ / Leite-Moreira, André M / Leung, Elaine YL / Lewis, Sophia E / Lima, Maria João / Lin, Daniel J / Liu, Helen H / Lowery, Aoife J / Lozano, Saida Martel / Luney, Catriona R / Maia, Mariana Magalhães / Mariani, Nicolò M / Marino, Marco V / Marra, Angelo A / Marsh, Christopher L / Martin, Robert CG / McCluney, Simon J / McIntyre, Robert C / Mckay, Siobhan C / McKevitt, Kevin L / Meagher, Ashley D / Mehdi, Mohammad Q / Mehigan, Brian J / Gonzalez-De Miguel, Melania / De Miguel-Ardevines, Maria-Carmen / Miguel-Mendez, Carlos San / Mills, Sarah J / Mohan, Helen M / Moir, John AG / Monson, John RT / Monteiro, Joana M / Montella, Maria T / Montesinos, Cristina Soto / Morgom, Marwa M / Moura, Francisco S / Muguerza, Jose M / Murphy, Suzanne H / De Nardi, Paola / Naumann, David N / Neary, Paul C / Neely, David TA / Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S / Ngu, Albert WT / Nguyen, Truong A / Nita, George E / Nunes, Quentin M / Nygaard, Rachel M / O'Meara, Lindsay B / O'Neill, John R / Okafor, Barbara U / Olson, Steven A / Oo, Aung Y / Ormazabal, Pablo Collera / Osorio, Alexander L / Pachl, Max J / Parry, James T / Patel, Panna K / Pérez, David Díaz / Pérez, Carolina Martínez / Pérez-Sánchez, Luis E / Pevidal, Ana Nogues / Pezzuto, Anna P / Philp, Matthew M / Pinkney, Thomas D / Pollok, Joerg M / Povey, Meical G / Poza, Alfredo Alonso / Rajgor, Amarkumar D / Rao, Jagan N / Raptis, Dimitri A / Rice, Henry E / Ridgway, Paul F / Rivas, Ana Munoz / Rodriguez-Sanjuan, Juan C / Rogers, Luke J / Da Roit, Anna / Rollett, Rebecca A / Romera, Jose L / Rooney, Siobhan M / Roxo, Vanessa I / Le Roy, Bertrand / Rubio, Eduardo E / Ruiz, Carolina Castro / Ruiz, Manuel Losada / Ryan, Éanna J / Saad, Abdel Rahman / Saeed, Samerah A / Salama, Hiba A / Salamah, Abdulrauf A / Samaniego, María Gutiérrez / Sampietro, Gianluca M / Sarma, Diwakar R / Schaffer, Kathryn B / Schnitzbauer, Andreas A / Scurrah, Rachel J / Serevina, Olivia L / Serralheiro, Pedro A / Sewards, Joseph M / Shackcloth, Michael J / Shaw, Abigail V / Sheel, Andrea RG / Sica, Giuseppe S / De Simone, Veronica / Singh, Aminder A / Singh, Rabindra P / Skelly, Brendan L / Smith, Henry G / Sohail, Amir H / Spalding, Duncan R / Springford, Laurie R / Ssentongo, Anna E / Steinkamp, Pieter J / Stevens, Kent A / Stewart, Grant D / Stylianides, Nicholas A / Sullivan, Tom BB / Taher, Ahmed SA / Tamimy, Muhammad S / Tang, Alethea M / Tebala, Giovanni D / Tejero-Pintor, Francisco J / Thaha, Mohamed A / Thomas, Amy J / De Toma, Giorgio / La Torre, Filippo / Torres, Antonio J / Townshend, David N / Trout, Isobel M / Tucker, Sarah C / Ubhi, Harmony K / Vega, Viviana A / Velmahos, George C / Velopulos, Catherine G / Viswanath, Yirupaiahgari KS / Vivas, Alfredo A / Wade, Ryckie G / Wadley, Martin S / Wall, Joshua JS / Walters, Andrew M / Warren, Oliver J / Weerasinghe, Chamindri K / Wilkin, Richard JW / Williams, Katherine J / Winter, Stuart C / Wormald, Justin CR / Wright, Franklin L / Xyda, Souzana E / Young, Alastair L / Youssef, Mina MG / Yousuf, Farhat B / El Youzouri, Hanan / Zappa, Marco A / Abate, Emmanuele / Abdalaziz, Hossam / Abdelkarim, Mostafa / Abdou, Hossam / Aboelkassem-Ibrahim, Ahmad / Abuown, Ala / Acebes-Garcia, Fernando / Acharya, Metesh / Adamina, Michel / Addae-Boateng, Emmanuel / Aftab, Raiyyan / Agarwal, Arnav / Aguilar, José / Ahmed, Yousra / Aitken, Emma / Al-Azzawi, Marwa / Al-Embideen, Somya / Al-Masri, Mahmoud / Al-Najjar, Hani / Al-Sukaini, Ahmad / Alam, Ruhina / Alderson, Derek / Aliyeva, Zumrud / Aljanadi, Firas / Almasri, Murad / Alonso-Ortuño, Paula / Altintoprak, Fatih / Amira, Gamal / Amjad, Rabbia / Anania, Gabriele / Andabaka, Tatjana / Angelou, Dimitrios / Annamalai, Seethalakshmi / Annessi, Valerio / Anthoney, James / Anwar, Sibtain / Anwer, Mariyah / Aragon-Chamizo, Juan / Ardito, Antonella / Arigoni, Michele / Armao, Teodora / Arminio, Armando / Armstrong, Lara / Arnaud, Alexis / Asaad, Peter / Ashcroft, James / Ashmore, Christopher / Asqalan, Ahmad / Asti, Emanuele / Aubry, Emmanuelle / Aytac, Erman / Ayuso-Herrera, Esther / Baeza, Melody / Bailon-Cuadrado, Martin / Bakmaz, Bernarda / Baldi, Caterina / Baldini, Edoardo / Baldo, Stefano / Ballabio, Michele / Baloyiannis, Ioannis / Baltazar, Gerard / Bàmbina, Fabrizio / Bandiera, Alessandro / Barlow, Emma / Barmasse, Roberto / Barmpagianni, Christina / Baronio, Gianluca / Barra, Fabio / Bartsch, Anne-Marie / Basgaran, Amedra / Basha, Amr / Bashkirova, Varvara / Bastazza, Marco / Baumber, Rachel / Belcher, Elizabeth / Belvedere, Angela / Benítez-Linero, Inmaculada / Bergeat, Damien / Bernasconi, Matteo / Bhalla, Ashish / Bhutiani, Neal / Bianco, Federica / Bisagni, Pietro / Blake, Iain / Blanco-Colino, Ruth / Blazquez-Martin, Alma / Boal, Matthew / Bonavina, Luigi / Bonavina, Giulia / Bond-Smith, Giles / Booth, Karen / Borges, Filipe / Borghi, Felice / Bouchagier, Konstantinos / Bourke, Grainne / Boyle, Emily / Brachini, Gioia / Brain, Jessie / Brar, Amanpreet / Breckles, Lisa / Bretagnol, Frédéric / Brixton, Genevieve / Bruzzaniti, Placido / Bueser, Teofila / Burnside, Nathan / Caballero, Albert / Calcerrada-Alises, Enrique / Callahan, Miriam / Camarero, Enrique / Campagnaro, Tommaso / Campanelli, Michela / Candiani, Massimo / Cannoletta, Marina / Cantalejo-Diaz, Miguel / Cao, Han / Capelli, Patrizio / Capizzi, Vita / Carcano, Giulio / Carissimi, Francesca / Carlini, Massimo / Carlucci, Michele / Carmichael, Heather / Carrasco, Milagros / Carrillo, Mariana / Carvello, Michele / Casati, Massimiliano / Castoro, Carlo / Catalan, Vanesa / Cavaleiro, Salomé / Cellerino, Paola / Centinaio, Giovanna / Cernei, Cristina / Cerro, Cristina / Cervellera, Maurizio / Chakrabortee, Sohini / Chamberlain, Stephanie / Chan, Jeffrey / Chang, Grace / Chaudhry, Dauod / Chebaro, Alexandre / Chen, David / Chetty, Govind / Chia, Zoe / Chiappini, Ambra / Chiarugi, Massimo / Chidambaram, Swathikan / Chiozza, Matteo / Cholewa, Hanna / Chong, Clara / Choolani-Bhojwani, Ekta / Christoforidis, Dimitri / Chui, Karen / Chung, Choyin / Cirillo, Bruno / Citterio, Davide / Clermidi, Pauline / Coccolini, Federico / Colletti, Gaia / Compagnoni, Bruno / Concepción-Martín, Vanesa / Confalonieri, Marco / Connolly, Hannah / Conso, Christel / Conti, Luigi / Cooper, Zara / Corbellin, Carlo / Cordera, Fernando / Corral, Javier / Costa, Marta / Costanzi, Andrea / Cotsoglou, Christian / Cozza, Valerio / Cuming, Tamzin / Curtis, Miles / Cuschieri, Joseph / D'Agruma, Michele / D'Andrea, Giancarlo / Daliya, Prita / Dare, Oliver / Darko, Ebenezer / Day, Andrew / Dehal, Ahmed / Dehart, Dustin / Delgado-Oliver, Eduardo / Denning, Max / Desai, Anant / Desender, Liesbeth / Dester, Sara / Díaz-García, Alberto / Diaz-Peña, Patricia / Dousset, Bertrand / Doussot, Alexandre / Duchateau, Nicolas / Duff, Sarah / Dunning, Joel / Duque-Mallen, Victoria / Dziakova, Jana / Egan, Bridget / Egan, Richard / El-Ali, Abess / Elfeki, Hossam / Elhadi, Muhammed / Eljareh, Mohammed / Elkadi, Hannah / Elkady, Ramy / Elkhafeefi, Fatimah / Elmore, Ugo / Elmoslemany, Tarek / Emmerson, Oliver / Enemosah, Ibrahim / English, Camilla / English, William / Ereidge, Simon / Escartin, Jorge / Estaire-Gomez, Mercedes / Evans, Luke / Evans, Jessica / Exley, Rebecca / Fabbri, Nicoló / Falco, Giuseppe / Familiari, Pietro / Fancellu, Alessandro / Farik, Shebani / Farrell, Tony / Fehervari, Matyas / Fell, Adam / Fernandez-Camuñas, Angel / Fernández-Marín, Reyes / Fernández-Martínez, María / Ferrara, Francesco / Ferrari, Guglielmo / Ferrero, Simone / Findlay, Laura / Fiore, Marco / Fiori, Enrico / Flatman, Michael / Flindall, Ian / Flor, Blas / Fontana, Tommaso / Ford, Samuel / Ford, David / Forlani, Stefano / Francone, Elisa / Frattaruolo, Colomba / Frio, Federico / Gagliano, Annalisa / Gagliardi, Filippo / Gahunia, Sukhpreet / Gaino, Francesca / Gala, Tanzeela / Galfrascoli, Elisa / Galimberti, Luca / Gallagher, Phoebe / Galleano, Raffaele / Galván-Pérez, Armando / Gammeri, Emanuele / Ganau, Mario / Garcés-García, Raúl / Garulli, Gianluca / Gascon-Ferrer, Isabel / Gattolin, Andrea / Gaujoux, Sebastien / Gentilli, Sergio / Georgiades, Fanourios / Ghanbari, Amir / Ghosh, Dhruv / Giacometti, Marco / Giblin, Anna-Victoria / Gilbert, Catherine / Giménez, Clara / Giorgakis, Emmanouil / Gipponi, Manuel / Glen, Paul / Goatly, Giles / Gobatti, Davide / Godbole, Chintamani / Gohil, Kajal / Gómez, Marcos / Gomez-Rosado, Juan-Carlos / Gonullu, Emre / Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Enrique / Gordini, Luca / Gracia, Isabel / Gracia-Roche, Carlos / Granieri, Stefano / Green, Susanna / Grivon, Manuela / Grove, Thomas / Guaglio, Marcello / Guaitoli, Eleonora / Guglielmi, Alfredo / Guha, Soumya / Gustavino, Claudio / Habeeb, Amir / Hagger, Robert / Hakmi, Hazim / Halkias, Constantine / Hall, Claire / Hampton, Matthew / Handa, Siddhartha / Hansen, Laura / Haq, Iram / Harky, Amer / Harries, Rhiannon / Harrison, Joseph / Hasan, Raashad / Hawari, Mohammad / Hawkin, Paul / Hebblethwaite, Bethany / Henriques, Susana / Heritage, Emily / Hernandez-Juara, Pilar / Herrero-Lopez, Maria / Hervieux, Erik / Heyd, Bruno / Higgs, Simon / Hitchman, Louise / Ho, Beatrice / Hogan, Aisling / Hölzle, Frank / Hossain, Tanvir / Houston, Roy / Hurt, Libor / Hutchinson, Peter / Iacob, Giulio / Iannone, Immacolata / Ibrahim, Sherif / Iovino, Domenico / Isik, Arda / Jafarova, Sevda / Jamil, Tahir / Jayaraju, Ullas / Jenner, Edward / Jimenez-Higuera, Elisa / Jimeno, Jaime / Johnstone, Jack / Jones, Mark / Judkins, Nicholas / Kalavrezos, Nicholas / Kalidindi, Venugopala / Kalkat, Maninder / Kamal, Mona / Kamphues, Carsten / Kang, Chong / Kara, Yasin / Karam, Edward / Karim, Ahmed / Kashora, Florence / Kearney, David / Khajuria, Apoorva / Khan, Umul / Khan, Azam / Khatri, Chetan / Kinnaman, Gabriel / Kinross, James / Kler, Aaron / Klimopoulos, Serafeim / Kocataş, Ali / Kolias, Angelos / Königsrainer, Alfred / Konsten, Joop / Kontovounisios, Christos / Kourdouli, Amar / Krishnan, Emily / Kristinsson, Sverrir / Kruijff, Schelto / Kudsk-Iversen, Søren / Kufeji, Dorothy / Kugler, Nadav / Kulkarni, Rugved / Kurihara, Hayato / Laface, Letizia / Lakkis, Zaher / Lami, Mariam / Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor / Lapolla, Pierfrancesco / Lawani, Ismail / Lawday, Samuel / Lázaro, André / Lecolle, Katia / Leventoglu, Sezai / Li, Zoe / Liew, Ignatius / Lisi, Giorgio / Lizzi, Vincenzo / Lo, Terence / Lomiento, Daniele / Longhi, Marco / Lostis, Emilie / Lostoridis, Eftychios / Loubani, Mahmoud / Lowy-Benoliel, Alejandro / Lucianetti, Alessandro / Luke, Louis / Lunevicius, Raimundas / Luraghi, Marco / Lye, George / Mabrouk, Islam / Macchi, Alberto / MacDonald, Luisa / Machairas, Nikolaos / Madonini, Marco / Magowan, Drew / Maisonneuve, Emeline / Majkowska, Agata / Majkowski, Lawrence / Mak, Jason / Malabarba, Stefano / Malerba, Michele / Mannan, Syed / Manson, Joanna / Mansuri, Ahmer / Mantoglu, Baris / Manu, Nichola / Maqsood, Afnan / Marano, Alessandra / Marchbank, Adrian / Marcos-Santos, Pablo / Marrano, Enrico / Martin, Janet / Martin, Emmeline / Martin, Guy / Martin-Albo, Lorena / Martín-Román, Lorena / Martinelli, Fabio / Martínez-dePaz, Fernando / Martinez-German, Antonio / Martinez-Pinedo, Carlos / Martins, Ricardo / Marwan, Hisham / Marzi, Federica / Mateos-Sierra, Olga / Mathieu, Pierre / Matute-Najarro, Maria-Soledad / Maw, Andrew / Mazingi, Dennis / Mazzaferro, Vincenzo / McCanny, Andrew / McKenzie, Katherine / McLarty, Nicola / McPherson, Iain / Medina, Esther / Mediratta, Saniya / Medone, Marzia / Mehra, Gautam / Mele, Simone / Melero-Cortés, Lidia / Mendoza-Moreno, Fernando / Meneghini, Simona / Mercante, Giuseppe / Merdrignac, Aude / Merola, Stephen / Metallidis, Symeon / Michel, Martin / Migliore, Marco / Mihanovic, Jakov / Miller, Douglas / Mingoli, Andrea / Minto, Gary / Mirabella, Antonello / Misra, Nikhil / Mitrasinovic, Stefan / Miu, Victor / Moawad, Nader / Mochet, Sylvie / Modabber, Ali / Mohammad, Adam / Mohan, Midhun / Moliner-Sánchez, Carmen / Mongelli, Francesco / Monteleone, Michela / Montuori, Mauro / Moore, Rachel / Mora-Guzmán, Ismael / Morales, Xavier / Morales, Dieter / Morelli, Luca / Morelli, Lucia / Morgan, Richard / Morris, Chris / Mortini, Pietro / Mosca, Angelo / Motter, Dema / Moug, Susan / Mukherjee, Samrat / Najdy, Manhal / Nakas, Apostolos / Namazov, Ilgar / Naredla, Pradyumna / Nasef, Emmhamed / Nassa, Heeam / Nath, Rahul / Navarro-Sánchez, Antonio / Nazarian, Scarlet / Negri, Giampiero / Nehra, Deepika / Neil-Dwyer, Jason / Neri, Jacopo / Newton, Katy / Nikaj, Herald / Niquen, Milagros / Nobile, Sara / Nogueiro, Jorge / Ntirenganya, Faustin / Nugent, Michael / Núñez, Jordi / Ocaña, Juan / Okechukwu, Valentine / Oliva-Mompean, Fernando / Oliveira, Ana / Ollat, Didier / Onos, Lavinia / Osagie-Clouard, Liza / Osman, Khabab / Ottolina, Jessica / Ourieff, Jared / Outani, Oumaima / Oyewole, Bankole / Ozben, Volkan / Pacheco-Sanchez, David / Padilla-Valverde, David / Pai, Madhava / Paiella, Salvatore / Paisley, Samuel / Palini, Gianmarco / Palmeri, Matteo / Panahi, Pedram / Parente, Alessandro / Parlanti, Daniele / Parmar, Chetan / Pascual, Angela / Patel, Mahul / Pathak, Abhijit / Patil, Sangram / Pattyn, Piet / Peckham-Cooper, Adam / Pedrazzani, Corrado / Pellino, Gianluca / Peluso, Chiara / Pereira, André / Pereira-Neves, António / Perez-Diaz, Md / Pérez-González, Marta / Pérez-Saborido, Baltasar / Perivoliotis, Konstantinos / Perkins, Clare / Peros, Georgios / Perotto, Ornella / Perra, Teresa / Petrone, Patrizio / Phenix, George / Picazo, Sara / Picon-Rodriguez, Rafael / Piloni, Martina / Pingarrón-Martín, Lorena / Pinotti, Enrico / Pisanu, Adolfo / Pizzini, Paolo / Pockney, Peter / Podda, Mauro / Podolsky, Dina / Poggioli, Gilberto / Pompili, Cecilia / Pontari, Michael / Porcu, Alberto / Potter, Ryan / Price, Claire / Pruvot, François-René / Pujol-Muncunill, Roger / Puppo, Andrea / Quante, Markus / Quintana-Villamandos, Begoña / Qureshi, Ali / Radenkovic, Dejan / Rakvin, Ivan / Ramallo-Solís, Irene / Ramcharan, Sean / Ramos, Diego / Ramos-Bonilla, Antonio / Ramzi, Joussi / Rathinam, Sridhar / Rausa, Emanuele / Ravaioli, Matteo / Ravindran, Sharanya / Raymond, Thomas / Razik, Aisha / Redfern, Jennifer / Reguera-Rosal, Julio / Rela, Mariam / Rey-Biel, Juan / Rey-Valcarcel, Cristina / Ribolla, Marta / Richards, Tomos / Richmond, Michael / Righini, Erminio / Rio-Gomez, Javier / Riyat, Harjoat / Rizvi, Sana / Roberts, Keith / Roberts, Matthew / Robertson, Stuart / Robertson, Ronald / Robin-Valle, Alvaro / Rochon, Melissa / Rojo, Mikel / Rolli, Luigi / Romano, Silvio / Ross, Elizabeth / Ross, Howard / Rossborough, Catherine / Rottoli, Matteo / Ruiz, Miguel / Ruiz-Grande, Fernando / Ruiz-Martin, Irene / Ruiz-Soriano, María / Ruzzenente, Andrea / Ryska, Ondrej / Saez, Carlos / Sagnotta, Andrea / Sahnan, Kapil / Sahni, Arun / Salim, Ali / Sallam, Ibrahim / Salvia, Roberto / Samadov, Elgun / Sammarco, Giuseppe / Sampaio-Alves, Mafalda / Sánchez-Arteaga, Alejandro / Sanchez-Fuentes, Maria-Nieves / Sanchez-Pelaez, Daniel / Sanchez-Perez, Coral / Sanchez-Rubio, Maria / Sancho-Muriel, Jorge / Sanders, Julie / Santero-Ramirez, Maria-Pilar / Santora, Thomas / Santoro, Antonio / Santos, Irene / Santos-Sousa, Hugo / Sapienza, Paolo / Sartarelli, Lodovico / Sarveswaran, Janahan / Sasia, Diego / Saudemont, Alain / Saudi-Moro, Sef / Saxena, Shobhit / Saxena, Dolly / Sayasneh, Ahmad / Scalabre, Aurelien / Schache, Andrew / Schiavina, Riccardo / Schineis, Christian / Schreckenbach, Teresa / Scorza, Antonella / Scott, Lucy / Seegert, Sara / Seguin-Givelet, Agathe / Senent-Boza, Ana / Seymour, Keith / Shabana, Amanda / Shah, Karishma / Shah, Jigar / Shah, Preena / Shah, Sujay / Shakir, Taner / Shalaby, Mostafa / Shankar, Sushma / Shaw, Richard / Shehata, Sameh / Shenfine, Amy / Sheridan, Kelda / Sherief, Ahmed / Sherief, Mohamed / Sherif, Mohamed / Shinkwin, Michael / Shu, Sebastian / Siaw-Acheampong, Kwabena / Sileri, Pierpaolo / Singh, Abhinav / Singh, Shailendra / Sinha, Sanjay / Sinha, Deepti / Siragusa, Leandro / Sivaprakasam, Rajesh / Sivayoganathan, Sriharan / Smillie, Robert / Smith, Claire / Smith, Andrew / Smith, Christopher / Sochorova, Dana / Soggiu, Fiammetta / Sohrabi, Catrin / Solari, Francesca / Solli, Piergiorgio / Soreide, Kjetil / Spinelli, Antonino / Spoletini, Domenico / Spriano, Giuseppe / Sravanam, Sanskrithi / Ssentongo, Paddy / Stanger, Sophie / Stavroulias, Dionisios / Steel, Ben / Stella, Marco / Stewart, Robbie / Stringer, Sally / Sulen, Nina / Sundar, Sudha / Sundhu, Matthew / Suri, Avni / Syed, Arooj / Szatmary, Peter / Tabiri, Stephen / Tadross, Daniel / Taglietti, Lucio / Tansey, Rosamond / Tartaglia, Dario / Tawheed, Ahmed / Tayeh, Salim / Teles, Tobias / Testa, Valentina / Tewari, Nilanjana / Thoenissen, Philipp / Thomas, Kane / Thomin, Anne / Thrush, Jessica / Tierney, Sean / Tiwari, Abhinav / Toh, Simon / Toledo, Enrique / Tonini, Valeria / Torkington, Jared / Torquati, Alfonso / Torzilli, Guido / Totty, Joshua / Tourountzi, Paraskevi / Tousidonis, Manuel / Townend, Philip / Townsend, Catherine / Trompeter, Alex / Trotta, Francesco / Truant, Stéphanie / Trujillo-Díaz, Jeancarlos / Tsoulfas, Georgios / Turco, Celia / Turrado-Rodriguez, Victor / Turri, Giulia / Tustin, Harry / Tyler, Jayne / Tzedakis, Stylianos / Tzovaras, George / Uittenbogaart, Martine / Ullah, Ramzan / Urban, Shane / Urbani, Alessia / Usai, Antonella / Vaccarella, Gianpaolo / Valdes-Hernandez, Javier / Valsecchi, Luca / Vashisht, Rajiv / Vázquez-Fernández, Andrea / Venkatesan, Gowtham / Venn, Mary / Vera-Mansilla, Cristina / Vergari, Roberto / Vescio, Giuseppina / Vidya, Raghavan / Vieira, Paula / Vijay, Vardhini / Vimalachandran, Dale / Violante, Tommaso / Volpe, Anita / Vovola, Fernanda / Vulliamy, Paul / Wall, Rosemary / Wallwork, Kate / Ward, Alex / Warwick, David / Waseem, Saima / Weaver, Helen / Wells, Fiona / Wen, Jiaxin / West, Raha / Whitehall, Emma / Wild, Laura / Wilkins, Alex / Williams, Gethin / Williams, Matthew / Winnand, Philipp / Wong, Ken / Worku, Dawit / Wright, Naomi / Yalamanchili, Seema / Yershov, Danylo / Yildiz, Alp / Young, Richard / Yurttas, Can / Zadegan, Frederic / Zafar, Noman / Zakaria, Rasheed / Zambon, Martina / Zanini, Nicola / Zarate, Alba / Zerbib, Philippe / Zizzo, Maurizio / Zmora, Oded / Zonta, Sandro / van Berge Henegouwen, Mark I / van der Plas, Willemijn Y / Ali, Inthekab Ali Mohamed / Bakri, Nur Amalina Che / Bartolomé, Miguel Ángel Hernández / Bauset, Juan Carlos Catalá / Abou Chaar, Mohamad K / Marino Cosentino, Luigi MP / Gómez Díaz, Carlos J / Garcia Galocha, Jose L / de Gheldere, Charles A / Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Mendonça / Beltrán de Heredia, Juan / Blazer, Dan G / Nugent, William C / Ali karar, Ali A / Borja De Lacy, F / Blas Laina, Juan luis / Shane Lester, Madan Jha / Liyanage, Aloka S D / Al Maadany, Faraj S / De Marchi, Joshua A / Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio / Mithany, Reda H M / Sanchez del Pueblo, Cristina / van Ramshorst, Gabrielle H / De Salas, Maria Marqueta / De Souza, Anthony C / Dolores Del Toro, M

an international cohort study

2020

Abstract: Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and ... ...

Abstract	Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 82·6% (219 of 265) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28-2·40], p<0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65-3·22], p<0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3-5 versus grades 1-2 (2·35 [1·57-3·53], p<0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01-2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06-2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01-2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
Keywords	covid19
Subject code	610 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing country	it
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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