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  1. Article ; Online: Garlic extract diallyl sulfide (DAS) activates nuclear receptor CAR to induce the Sult1e1 gene in mouse liver.

    Tatsuya Sueyoshi / William D Green / Kellie Vinal / Tyler S Woodrum / Rick Moore / Masahiko Negishi

    PLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 6, p e

    2011  Volume 21229

    Abstract: Constituent chemicals in garlic extract are known to induce phase I and phase II enzymes in rodent livers. Here we have utilized Car(+/+) and Car(-/-) mice to demonstrate that the nuclear xenobiotic receptor CAR regulated the induction of the estrogen ... ...

    Abstract Constituent chemicals in garlic extract are known to induce phase I and phase II enzymes in rodent livers. Here we have utilized Car(+/+) and Car(-/-) mice to demonstrate that the nuclear xenobiotic receptor CAR regulated the induction of the estrogen sulfotransferase Sult1e1 gene by diallyl sulfide (DAS) treatment in mouse liver. DAS treatment caused CAR accumulation in the nucleus, resulting in a remarkable increase of SULT1E1 mRNA (3,200 fold) and protein in the livers of Car(+/+) females but not of Car(-/-) female mice. DAS also induced other CAR-regulated genes such as Cyp2b10, Cyp3a11 and Gadd45β. Compared with the rapid increase of these mRNA levels, which began as early as 6 hours after DAS treatment, the levels of SULT1E1 mRNA began increasing after 24 hours. This slow response to DAS suggested that CAR required an additional factor to activate the Sult1e1 gene or that this activation was indirect. Despite the remarkable induction of SULT1E1, there was no decrease in the serum levels of endogenous E2 or increase of estrone sulfate while the clearance of exogenously administrated E2 was accelerated in DAS treated mice.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Response to COVID-19 in South Korea and implications for lifting stringent interventions

    Amy Dighe / Lorenzo Cattarino / Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg / Janetta Skarp / Natsuko Imai / Sangeeta Bhatia / Katy A. M. Gaythorpe / Kylie E. C. Ainslie / Marc Baguelin / Samir Bhatt / Adhiratha Boonyasiri / Nicholas F. Brazeau / Laura V. Cooper / Helen Coupland / Zulma Cucunuba / Ilaria Dorigatti / Oliver D. Eales / Sabine L. van Elsland / Richard G. FitzJohn /
    William D. Green / David J. Haw / Wes Hinsley / Edward Knock / Daniel J. Laydon / Thomas Mellan / Swapnil Mishra / Gemma Nedjati-Gilani / Pierre Nouvellet / Margarita Pons-Salort / Hayley A. Thompson / H. Juliette T. Unwin / Robert Verity / Michaela A. C. Vollmer / Caroline E. Walters / Oliver J. Watson / Charles Whittaker / Lilith K. Whittles / Azra C. Ghani / Christl A. Donnelly / Neil M. Ferguson / Steven Riley

    BMC Medicine, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 12

    Abstract: Abstract Background After experiencing a sharp growth in COVID-19 cases early in the pandemic, South Korea rapidly controlled transmission while implementing less stringent national social distancing measures than countries in Europe and the USA. This ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background After experiencing a sharp growth in COVID-19 cases early in the pandemic, South Korea rapidly controlled transmission while implementing less stringent national social distancing measures than countries in Europe and the USA. This has led to substantial interest in their “test, trace, isolate” strategy. However, it is important to understand the epidemiological peculiarities of South Korea’s outbreak and characterise their response before attempting to emulate these measures elsewhere. Methods We systematically extracted numbers of suspected cases tested, PCR-confirmed cases, deaths, isolated confirmed cases, and numbers of confirmed cases with an identified epidemiological link from publicly available data. We estimated the time-varying reproduction number, R t , using an established Bayesian framework, and reviewed the package of interventions implemented by South Korea using our extracted data, plus published literature and government sources. Results We estimated that after the initial rapid growth in cases, R t dropped below one in early April before increasing to a maximum of 1.94 (95%CrI, 1.64–2.27) in May following outbreaks in Seoul Metropolitan Region. By mid-June, R t was back below one where it remained until the end of our study (July 13th). Despite less stringent “lockdown” measures, strong social distancing measures were implemented in high-incidence areas and studies measured a considerable national decrease in movement in late February. Testing the capacity was swiftly increased, and protocols were in place to isolate suspected and confirmed cases quickly; however, we could not estimate the delay to isolation using our data. Accounting for just 10% of cases, individual case-based contact tracing picked up a relatively minor proportion of total cases, with cluster investigations accounting for 66%. Conclusions Whilst early adoption of testing and contact tracing is likely to be important for South Korea’s successful outbreak control, other factors including regional ...
    Keywords COVID-19 ; South Korea ; Public health interventions ; Reproduction number ; Contact tracing ; Medicine ; R ; covid19
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Reduction in mobility and COVID-19 transmission

    Pierre Nouvellet / Sangeeta Bhatia / Anne Cori / Kylie E. C. Ainslie / Marc Baguelin / Samir Bhatt / Adhiratha Boonyasiri / Nicholas F. Brazeau / Lorenzo Cattarino / Laura V. Cooper / Helen Coupland / Zulma M. Cucunuba / Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg / Amy Dighe / Bimandra A. Djaafara / Ilaria Dorigatti / Oliver D. Eales / Sabine L. van Elsland / Fabricia F. Nascimento /
    Richard G. FitzJohn / Katy A. M. Gaythorpe / Lily Geidelberg / William D. Green / Arran Hamlet / Katharina Hauck / Wes Hinsley / Natsuko Imai / Benjamin Jeffrey / Edward Knock / Daniel J. Laydon / John A. Lees / Tara Mangal / Thomas A. Mellan / Gemma Nedjati-Gilani / Kris V. Parag / Margarita Pons-Salort / Manon Ragonnet-Cronin / Steven Riley / H. Juliette T. Unwin / Robert Verity / Michaela A. C. Vollmer / Erik Volz / Patrick G. T. Walker / Caroline E. Walters / Haowei Wang / Oliver J. Watson / Charles Whittaker / Lilith K. Whittles / Xiaoyue Xi / Neil M. Ferguson

    Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 9

    Abstract: Social distancing policies aiming to reduce COVID-19 transmission have been reflected in reductions in human mobility. Here, the authors show that reduced mobility is correlated with decreased transmission, but that this relationship weakened over time ... ...

    Abstract Social distancing policies aiming to reduce COVID-19 transmission have been reflected in reductions in human mobility. Here, the authors show that reduced mobility is correlated with decreased transmission, but that this relationship weakened over time as social distancing measures were relaxed.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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