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Artikel ; Online: The data‐index

Amelia S. C. Hood / William J. Sutherland

Ecology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 21, Pp 14344-

An author‐level metric that values impactful data and incentivizes data sharing

2021 Band 14350

Abstract: Abstract Author‐level metrics are a widely used measure of scientific success. The h‐index and its variants measure publication output (number of publications) and research impact (number of citations). They are often used to influence decisions, such as ...

Abstract	Abstract Author‐level metrics are a widely used measure of scientific success. The h‐index and its variants measure publication output (number of publications) and research impact (number of citations). They are often used to influence decisions, such as allocating funding or jobs. Here, we argue that the emphasis on publication output and impact hinders scientific progress in the fields of ecology and evolution because it disincentivizes two fundamental practices: generating impactful (and therefore often long‐term) datasets and sharing data. We describe a new author‐level metric, the data‐index, which values both dataset output (number of datasets) and impact (number of data‐index citations), so promotes generating and sharing data as a result. We discuss how it could be implemented and provide user guidelines. The data‐index is designed to complement other metrics of scientific success, as scientific contributions are diverse and our value system should reflect that both for the benefit of scientific progress and to create a value system that is more equitable, diverse, and inclusive. Future work should focus on promoting other scientific contributions, such as communicating science, informing policy, mentoring other scientists, and providing open‐access code and tools.
Schlagwörter	author‐level metrics ; bibliometrics ; data citation ; data metrics ; data sharing ; dataset repositories ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	001
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Wiley
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Terrestrial or marine species distribution model

Henry Häkkinen / Silviu O. Petrovan / William J. Sutherland / Nathalie Pettorelli

Ecology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 23, Pp 16634-

Why not both? A case study with seabirds

2021 Band 16646

Abstract: Abstract Species reliant on both the terrestrial and marine realms present a challenge for conventional species distribution models (SDMs). For such species, standard single‐realm SDMs may omit key information that could result in decreased model ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Species reliant on both the terrestrial and marine realms present a challenge for conventional species distribution models (SDMs). For such species, standard single‐realm SDMs may omit key information that could result in decreased model accuracy and performance. Existing approaches to habitat suitability modeling typically do not effectively combine information from multiple realms; this methodological gap can ultimately hamper management efforts for groups such as seabirds, seals, and turtles. This study, for the first time, jointly incorporates both terrestrial information and marine information into a single species distribution model framework. We do this by sampling nearby marine conditions for a given terrestrial point and vice versa using parameters set by each species’ mean maximum foraging distance and then use standard SDM methods to generate habitat suitability predictions; therefore, our method does not rely on post hoc combination of several different models. Using three seabird species with very different ecologies, we investigate whether this new multi‐realm approach can improve our ability to identify suitable habitats for these species. Results show that incorporating terrestrial information into marine SDMs, or vice versa, generally improves model performance, sometimes drastically. However, there is considerable variability between species in the level of improvement as well as in the particular method that produces the most improvement. Our approach provides a repeatable and transparent method to combine information from multiple ecological realms in a single SDM framework. Important advantages over existing solutions include the opportunity to, firstly, easily combine terrestrial and marine information for species that forage large distances inland or out to sea and, secondly, consider interactions between terrestrial and marine variables.
Schlagwörter	marine ; multi‐realm modeling ; seabird ; seabird ecology ; species distribution model ; species distribution modeling ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	590
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Wiley
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Editorial

Çağan H. Şekercioğlu / William J. Sutherland / Evan R. Buechley / Binbin V. Li / Natalia Ocampo-Peñuela / Bruktawit Abdu Mahamued

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol

Avian biodiversity collapse in the Anthropocene: drivers and consequences

2023 Band 11

Schlagwörter	conservation biology ; ornithology ; ecology ; climate change ; tropical biology ; biodiversity ; Evolution ; QH359-425 ; QH540-549.5
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Frontiers Media S.A.
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: A systematic map of cassava farming practices and their agricultural and environmental impacts using new ontologies

Amelia S. C. Hood / Gorm E. Shackelford / Alec P. Christie / Hope O. Usieta / Philip A. Martin / William J. Sutherland

Ecological Solutions and Evidence, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

Agri‐ontologies 1.0

2023

Abstract: Abstract Cassava is consumed by 800 million people and is a staple crop in Africa. Its production may increase under climate change due to its high drought tolerance. We produced a systematic map of scientific studies about cassava farming practices, ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Cassava is consumed by 800 million people and is a staple crop in Africa. Its production may increase under climate change due to its high drought tolerance. We produced a systematic map of scientific studies about cassava farming practices, with the aim of identifying knowledge gaps and clusters. Our secondary aim was to develop a classification system for [1] farming interventions and [2] agricultural, economic and environmental outcomes. Standardised classification systems facilitate data reuse, including for evidence synthesis, and promote research efficiency. Following our published protocol, we searched eight publication databases using the search string ‘cassava OR mandioca OR manihot OR manioc OR yuca’ in December 2017. We screened 36,580 records and included publications that measured the impact of cassava farming practices on agricultural, economic or environmental outcomes, including yield, soil, water, wildlife and labour. We classified the resultant 1599 publications by interventions, outcomes, location, study year and study design. We assessed coding consistency using Kappa scores. We found regional knowledge clusters (Nigeria, Columbia and Brazil accounted for 45.5% of country occurrences) and gaps (e.g. the Democratic Republic of Congo). There were knowledge clusters for interventions testing cultivar type, fertiliser use and diversifying crop rotations and outcomes related to crop production (e.g. yield/biomass). We found knowledge gaps for environmental interventions and outcomes (e.g. 5% of studies measured pollutants or wildlife). In terms of study design, reporting standards were poor (e.g. 24% of studies did not report start dates), average study duration was 2 years, and average publication delays were 4 years. The Kappa scores indicated that we successfully developed consistent ontologies (named Agri‐ontologies 1.0). The map and ontologies are available online: https://www.metadataset.com/. This systematic map of cassava farming practices can direct researchers and funders to ...
Schlagwörter	agricultural taxonomy ; cassava Manihot esculenta ; evidence‐based management ; interactive evidence map ; reporting standards ; standardised classification system ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	306
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Wiley
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel: The Financial Return from Measuring Impact

Santangeli, Andrea / William J. Sutherland

Conservation letters. 2017 May, v. 10, no. 3

2017

Abstract: In conservation, as in most other subjects, there is a division of expenditure into problem identification, solution testing, and practice. However, research concentrates on problem identification rather than solution testing. We calculate the return on ... ...

Abstract	In conservation, as in most other subjects, there is a division of expenditure into problem identification, solution testing, and practice. However, research concentrates on problem identification rather than solution testing. We calculate the return on the investment of research (a PhD thesis) examining the effectiveness of conservation interventions for birds of prey in three European countries. We show that the economic return from investing in a PhD thesis could be substantial, in the order of hundreds of thousands euros over 10 years or a return on investment of between 292% and 326% over that period. We derived the values of return on investment by first setting a common biological target (the total number of raptor fledglings produced per year). We then compared overall costs in achieving such target via the wide implementation of the results from the thesis (i.e., allocating resources to the most effective intervention) versus a business as usual scenario. We identify other theses that also show considerable benefits in improving effectiveness. We suggest that further research examining effectiveness would be costâeffective in improving practice.
Schlagwörter	birds of prey ; cost effectiveness ; costs and returns ; fledglings ; Europe
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2017-05
Umfang	p. 354-360.
Erscheinungsort	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
Anmerkung	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN	1755-263X
DOI	10.1111/conl.12284
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel ; Online: Men ask more questions than women at a scientific conference.

Amy Hinsley / William J Sutherland / Alison Johnston

PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 10, p e

2017 Band 0185534

Abstract: Gender inequity in science and academia, especially in senior positions, is a recognised problem. The reasons are poorly understood, but include the persistence of historical gender ratios, discrimination and other factors, including gender-based ... ...

Abstract	Gender inequity in science and academia, especially in senior positions, is a recognised problem. The reasons are poorly understood, but include the persistence of historical gender ratios, discrimination and other factors, including gender-based behavioural differences. We studied participation in a professional context by observing question-asking behaviour at a large international conference with a clear equality code of conduct that prohibited any form of discrimination. Accounting for audience gender ratio, male attendees asked 1.8 questions for each question asked by a female attendee. Amongst only younger researchers, male attendees also asked 1.8 questions per female question, suggesting the pattern cannot be attributed to the temporary problem of demographic inertia. We link our findings to the 'chilly' climate for women in STEM, including wider experiences of discrimination likely encountered by women throughout their education and careers. We call for a broader and coordinated approach to understanding and addressing the barriers to women and other under-represented groups. We encourage the scientific community to recognise the context in which these gender differences occur, and evaluate and develop methods to support full participation from all attendees.
Schlagwörter	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Sprache	Englisch
Verlag	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Assessing diverse evidence to improve conservation decision‐making

Alec P. Christie / William H. Morgan / Nick Salafsky / Thomas B. White / Robyn Irvine / Nicolas Boenisch / Rafael M. Chiaravalloti / Kate Kincaid / Ali Mohammad Rezaie / Hiromi Yamashita / William J. Sutherland

Conservation Science and Practice, Vol 5, Iss 10, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

2023

Abstract: Abstract Meeting the urgent need to protect and restore ecosystems requires effective decision‐making through wisely considering a range of evidence. However, weighing and assessing evidence to make complex decisions is challenging, particularly when ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Meeting the urgent need to protect and restore ecosystems requires effective decision‐making through wisely considering a range of evidence. However, weighing and assessing evidence to make complex decisions is challenging, particularly when evidence is of diverse types, subjects, and sources, and varies greatly in its quality and relevance. To tackle these challenges, we present the Balance Evidence Assessment Method (BEAM), an intuitive way to weigh and assess the evidence relating to the core assumptions underpinning the planning and implementation of conservation projects, strategies, and actions. Our method directly tackles the question of how to bring together diverse evidence whilst assessing its relevance, reliability, and strength of support for a given assumption, which can be mapped, for example to a Theory of Change. We consider how simple principles and safeguards in applying this method could help to respectfully, and equitably, include more local forms of knowledge when assessing assumptions, such as by ensuring diverse groups of individuals contribute and assess evidence. The method can be flexibly applied within existing decision‐making tools, platforms, and frameworks whenever assumptions (i.e., claims and hypotheses) are made. This method could greatly facilitate and improve the weighing of diverse evidence to make decisions in a range of situations, from local projects to global policy platforms.
Schlagwörter	conservation evidence ; decision‐making ; evidence assessment ; evidence‐based ; evidence‐informed ; local knowledge ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	333
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Wiley
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Effectively integrating experiments into conservation practice

Nancy Ockendon / Tatsuya Amano / Marc Cadotte / Harriet Downey / Mark H. Hancock / Ann Thornton / Paul Tinsley‐Marshall / William J. Sutherland

Ecological Solutions and Evidence, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)

2021

Abstract: Abstract Making effective decisions in conservation requires a broad and robust evidence base describing the likely outcomes of potential actions to draw on. Such evidence is typically generated from experiments or trials that evaluate the effectiveness ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Making effective decisions in conservation requires a broad and robust evidence base describing the likely outcomes of potential actions to draw on. Such evidence is typically generated from experiments or trials that evaluate the effectiveness of actions, but for many actions evidence is missing or incomplete. We discuss how evidence can be generated by incorporating experiments into conservation practice. This is likely to be most efficient if opportunities for carrying out informative, well‐designed experiments are identified at an early stage during conservation management planning. We consider how to navigate a way between the stringent requirements of statistical textbooks and the complexities of carrying out ecological experiments in the real world by considering practical approaches to the key issues of replication, controls and randomization. We suggest that routinely sharing the results of experiments could increase both the value for money and effectiveness of conservation practice. We argue that with early planning and a small additional input of effort, important new learning can be gained during the implementation of many conservation actions.
Schlagwörter	controls ; experiment ; evidence ; experimental design ; management trial ; manipulation ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	333
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Wiley
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Dynamic meta-analysis

Gorm E. Shackelford / Philip A. Martin / Amelia S. C. Hood / Alec P. Christie / Elena Kulinskaya / William J. Sutherland

BMC Biology, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a method of using global evidence for local decision making

2021 Band 13

Abstract: Abstract Background Meta-analysis is often used to make generalisations across all available evidence at the global scale. But how can these global generalisations be used for evidence-based decision making at the local scale, if the global evidence is ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Meta-analysis is often used to make generalisations across all available evidence at the global scale. But how can these global generalisations be used for evidence-based decision making at the local scale, if the global evidence is not perceived to be relevant to local decisions? We show how an interactive method of meta-analysis—dynamic meta-analysis—can be used to assess the local relevance of global evidence. Results We developed Metadataset ( www.metadataset.com ) as a proof-of-concept for dynamic meta-analysis. Using Metadataset, we show how evidence can be filtered and weighted, and results can be recalculated, using dynamic methods of subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and recalibration. With an example from agroecology, we show how dynamic meta-analysis could lead to different conclusions for different subsets of the global evidence. Dynamic meta-analysis could also lead to a rebalancing of power and responsibility in evidence synthesis, since evidence users would be able to make decisions that are typically made by systematic reviewers—decisions about which studies to include (e.g. critical appraisal) and how to handle missing or poorly reported data (e.g. sensitivity analysis). Conclusions In this study, we show how dynamic meta-analysis can meet an important challenge in evidence-based decision making—the challenge of using global evidence for local decisions. We suggest that dynamic meta-analysis can be used for subject-wide evidence synthesis in several scientific disciplines, including agroecology and conservation biology. Future studies should develop standardised classification systems for the metadata that are used to filter and weight the evidence. Future studies should also develop standardised software packages, so that researchers can efficiently publish dynamic versions of their meta-analyses and keep them up-to-date as living systematic reviews. Metadataset is a proof-of-concept for this type of software, and it is open source. Future studies should improve the user ...
Schlagwörter	Applicability ; Conservation evidence ; Dynamic meta-analysis ; External validity ; Generalisability ; Knowledge transfer ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	006
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	BMC
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Quantifying the Reporting, Coverage and Consistency of Key Indicators in Mangrove Restoration Projects

Yasmine M. Gatt / Dominic A. Andradi-Brown / Gabby N. Ahmadia / Philip A. Martin / William J. Sutherland / Mark D. Spalding / Amy Donnison / Thomas A. Worthington

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Vol

2022 Band 5

Abstract: Mangroves are often cleared for aquaculture, agriculture, and coastal development despite the range of benefits for people and nature that they provide. In response to these losses, there are multiple global, and regional efforts aimed at accelerating ... ...

Abstract	Mangroves are often cleared for aquaculture, agriculture, and coastal development despite the range of benefits for people and nature that they provide. In response to these losses, there are multiple global, and regional efforts aimed at accelerating mangrove forest restoration, resulting in many restoration projects being implemented and managed by different groups with highly diverse objectives. The information reported from these restoration projects is extremely variable, limiting our ability to identify whether desired objectives have been met or key factors that determine effective and durable restoration have been applied. To address this problem, we developed a holistic monitoring framework that captures the key indicators of restoration, spanning project aims, intervention type, costs, and ecological and socioeconomic outcomes. Subsequently, using a systematic literature search, we examined 123 published case studies to identify the range and quality of reported information on restoration, relative to our framework. We found that there were many gaps in reporting, for multiple indicators. Sections related to site conditions prior to restoration (reported in only 32% of case studies) and socioeconomic outcomes (26%) were consistently missing from most project reporting. Conversely, information on the type of intervention was reported for all case studies, and the aims of the project (reported in 76% of case studies) and ecological monitoring (82%) were far more prevalent. Generally, the restoration literature did not follow any specific framework in terms of reporting which likely contributed to the gaps in the information recorded. These gaps hinder comparisons between case studies, inhibiting the ability to learn lessons from previous restoration attempts by identifying commonalities. The need for more structure and consistent reporting supports the development of a standard restoration tracking tool that can facilitate the comparison of restoration efforts, aiding the implementation of future ...
Schlagwörter	mangrove ; restoration ; framework ; taxonomy ; evidence-based practice ; monitoring ; Forestry ; SD1-669.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	333
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Frontiers Media S.A.
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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