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  1. AU="William Tam"
  2. AU="Kitandwe, Paul Kato"
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  1. Article ; Online: An Exploration of Wearable Device Features Used in UK Hospital Parkinson Disease Care

    William Tam / Mohannad Alajlani / Alaa Abd-alrazaq

    Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol 25, p e

    Scoping Review

    2023  Volume 42950

    Abstract: BackgroundThe prevalence of Parkinson disease (PD) is becoming an increasing concern owing to the aging population in the United Kingdom. Wearable devices have the potential to improve the clinical care of patients with PD while reducing health care ... ...

    Abstract BackgroundThe prevalence of Parkinson disease (PD) is becoming an increasing concern owing to the aging population in the United Kingdom. Wearable devices have the potential to improve the clinical care of patients with PD while reducing health care costs. Consequently, exploring the features of these wearable devices is important to identify the limitations and further areas of investigation of how wearable devices are currently used in clinical care in the United Kingdom. ObjectiveIn this scoping review, we aimed to explore the features of wearable devices used for PD in hospitals in the United Kingdom. MethodsA scoping review of the current research was undertaken and reported according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The literature search was undertaken on June 6, 2022, and publications were obtained from MEDLINE or PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible publications were initially screened by their titles and abstracts. Publications that passed the initial screening underwent a full review. The study characteristics were extracted from the final publications, and the evidence was synthesized using a narrative approach. Any queries were reviewed by the first and second authors. ResultsOf the 4543 publications identified, 39 (0.86%) publications underwent a full review, and 20 (0.44%) publications were included in the scoping review. Most studies (11/20, 55%) were conducted at the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, with sample sizes ranging from 10 to 418. Most study participants were male individuals with a mean age ranging from 57.7 to 78.0 years. The AX3 was the most popular device brand used, and it was commercially manufactured by Axivity. Common wearable device types included body-worn sensors, inertial measurement units, and smartwatches that used accelerometers and gyroscopes to measure the clinical features of PD. Most wearable device primary measures involved the measured ...
    Keywords Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 621
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher JMIR Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Iron-catalyzed domino coupling reactions of π-systems

    Austin Pounder / William Tam

    Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 2848-

    2021  Volume 2893

    Abstract: The development of environmentally benign, inexpensive, and earth-abundant metal catalysts is desirable from both an ecological and economic standpoint. Certainly, in the past couple decades, iron has become a key player in the development of sustainable ...

    Abstract The development of environmentally benign, inexpensive, and earth-abundant metal catalysts is desirable from both an ecological and economic standpoint. Certainly, in the past couple decades, iron has become a key player in the development of sustainable coupling chemistry and has become an indispensable tool in organic synthesis. Over the last ten years, organic chemistry has witnessed substantial improvements in efficient synthesis because of domino reactions. These protocols are more atom-economic, produce less waste, and demand less time compared to a classical stepwise reaction. Although iron-catalyzed domino reactions require a mindset that differs from the more routine noble-metal, homogenous iron catalysis they bear the chance to enable coupling reactions that rival that of noble-metal-catalysis. This review provides an overview of iron-catalyzed domino coupling reactions of π-systems. The classifications and reactivity paradigms examined should assist readers and provide guidance for the design of novel domino reactions.
    Keywords cascade ; catalysis ; coupling ; earth-abundant ; iron ; Science ; Q ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Beilstein-Institut
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Ruthenium-Catalyzed [2 + 2] versus Homo Diels–Alder [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Norbornadiene and Disubstituted Alkynes

    Austin Pounder / Leanne D. Chen / William Tam

    ACS Omega, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 900-

    A DFT Study

    2020  Volume 911

    Keywords Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Chemical Society
    Document type Article ; Online
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  4. Article ; Online: Iridium-catalyzed hydroacylation reactions of C1-substituted oxabenzonorbornadienes with salicylaldehyde

    Angel Ho / Austin Pounder / Krish Valluru / Leanne D. Chen / William Tam

    Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 251-

    an experimental and computational study

    2022  Volume 261

    Abstract: An experimental and theoretical investigation on the iridium-catalyzed hydroacylation of C1-substituted oxabenzonorbornadienes with salicylaldehyde is reported. Utilizing commercially available [Ir(COD)Cl]2 in the presence of 5 M KOH in dioxane at 65 °C, ...

    Abstract An experimental and theoretical investigation on the iridium-catalyzed hydroacylation of C1-substituted oxabenzonorbornadienes with salicylaldehyde is reported. Utilizing commercially available [Ir(COD)Cl]2 in the presence of 5 M KOH in dioxane at 65 °C, provided a variety of hydroacylated bicyclic adducts in up to a 95% yield with complete stereo- and regioselectivity. The mechanism and origins of selectivity in the iridium-catalyzed hydroacylation reaction has been examined at the M06/Def2TZVP level of theory. The catalytic cycle consists of three key steps including oxidative addition into the aldehyde C–H bond, insertion of the olefin into the iridium hydride, and C–C bond-forming reductive elimination. Computational results indicate the origin of regioselectivity is involved in the reductive elimination step.
    Keywords c–h activation ; density functional theory ; hydroacylation ; iridium catalysis ; regioselectivity ; Science ; Q ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Beilstein-Institut
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of a cyclopropanated 3-aza-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene with alcohols

    Katrina Tait / Alysia Horvath / Nicolas Blanchard / William Tam

    Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 2888-

    2017  Volume 2894

    Abstract: The acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of a cyclopropanated 3-aza-2-oxabicylic alkene using alcohol nucleophiles were investigated. Although this acid-catalyzed ring-opening reaction did not cleave the cyclopropane unit as planned, this represent the ... ...

    Abstract The acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of a cyclopropanated 3-aza-2-oxabicylic alkene using alcohol nucleophiles were investigated. Although this acid-catalyzed ring-opening reaction did not cleave the cyclopropane unit as planned, this represent the first examples of ring-openings of cyclopropanated 3-aza-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]alkenes that lead to the cleavage of the C–O bond instead of the N–O bond. Different acid catalysts were tested and it was found that pyridinium toluenesulfonate in methanol gave the best yields in the ring-opening reactions. The scope of the reaction was successfully expanded to include primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol nucleophiles. Through X-ray crystallography, the stereochemistry of the product was determined which confirmed an SN2-like mechanism to form the ring-opened product.
    Keywords acid catalysis ; alcohol nucleophiles ; cyclopropanation ; heterobicyclic compounds ; ring-opening reactions ; Science ; Q ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Beilstein-Institut
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: Type 3 ring opening reaction of cyclopropanated oxabenzonorbornadienes with alcohol nucleophiles

    Carlson, Emily / Rebecca Boutin / William Tam

    Tetrahedron. 2018 Sept. 20, v. 74, no. 38

    2018  

    Abstract: The first examples of a Type 3 ring opening reaction of cyclopropanated oxabenzonorbornadiene (CPOBD) were found to occur using alcohol nucleophiles under acid catalyzed conditions, yielding seven-membered rings via ring expansion. Optimization of the ... ...

    Abstract The first examples of a Type 3 ring opening reaction of cyclopropanated oxabenzonorbornadiene (CPOBD) were found to occur using alcohol nucleophiles under acid catalyzed conditions, yielding seven-membered rings via ring expansion. Optimization of the reaction determined the ideal conditions to be 10 mol% pTsOH at 40 °C using excess alcohol nucleophile as the solvent. The scope of the reaction investigated diverse alcohol nucleophiles and bridgehead substituents on the CPOBD; in both cases the steric properties of the substituent was found in influence the yield of the reaction. Alternative Type 3 products were observed when the bridgehead substituent was an ethyl or hydroxymethyl group and limited examples of Type 3 products were formed using a palladium catalyst with alcohol nucleophiles. Mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of the Type 3 product as well as the alternative Type 3 products.
    Keywords alcohols ; catalysts ; catalytic activity ; chemical reactions ; Lewis bases ; moieties ; palladium ; solvents
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-0920
    Size p. 5510-5518.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 204285-x
    ISSN 1464-5416 ; 0040-4020 ; 0563-2064
    ISSN (online) 1464-5416
    ISSN 0040-4020 ; 0563-2064
    DOI 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.063
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  7. Article ; Online: Iridium-catalyzed intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of alkynyl halides

    Andrew Tigchelaar / William Tam

    Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1765-

    2012  Volume 1770

    Abstract: Iridium-catalyzed intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of diene-tethered alkynyl halides were investigated by using [IrCl(cod)]2 as catalyst, and dppe was found to be the most suitable phosphine ligand for the reaction. No oxidative insertion of the ... ...

    Abstract Iridium-catalyzed intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of diene-tethered alkynyl halides were investigated by using [IrCl(cod)]2 as catalyst, and dppe was found to be the most suitable phosphine ligand for the reaction. No oxidative insertion of the iridium into the carbon–halide bond was observed, and the reactions proceeded to provide the halogenated cycloadducts in good yield (75–94%). These results are the first examples of cycloadditions of alkynyl halides using an iridium catalyst.
    Keywords alkynyl halide ; cycloaddition ; diene-tethered alkyne ; iridium ; transition-metal catalyst ; Science ; Q ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Beilstein-Institut
    Document type Article ; Online
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  8. Article: New Dimeric Tetrapeptide Enkephalin AnaloguesHydrophilic Spacer Length and Configuration Affects Potency and Receptor Selectivity

    Stępiński, Janusz / S. William Tam

    Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. 2014 June 2, v. 49, no. 3

    2014  

    Abstract: Three new bivalent opioid peptide analogues, 1,3-di-(tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanylamido)-2-propanol, 1,4-di-(tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanylamido)-(2R, 3S)-butanediol and 1,4-di-(tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanylamido)-(2R,3R)-butanediol, ... ...

    Abstract Three new bivalent opioid peptide analogues, 1,3-di-(tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanylamido)-2-propanol, 1,4-di-(tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanylamido)-(2R, 3S)-butanediol and 1,4-di-(tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanylamido)-(2R,3R)-butanediol, were synthesized and tested in vitro for μ, δ and ϰ receptor affinities. They were found to have potent opioid receptor binding activity. The (2S,3S)-butanediol bridge configuration yielded selectivity and high potency for μ and ϰ receptors, while the (2R,3R)-butanediol bridge configuration yielded high potency and selectivity for δ receptors. It thus appears that changes in the length and configuration of the polyhydroxyl bridge in dimeric enkephalin analogues can produce a shift in receptor selectivity profiles and therefore suggest the possibility of developing more selective drugs.
    Keywords drugs ; enkephalin ; receptors
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-0602
    Size p. 407-411.
    Publishing place Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 124635-5
    ISSN 0340-5087 ; 0044-3174 ; 0932-0776 ; 0341-0447 ; 0341-0420
    ISSN 0340-5087 ; 0044-3174 ; 0932-0776 ; 0341-0447 ; 0341-0420
    DOI 10.1515/znb-1994-0319
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  9. Article ; Online: Palladium-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of cyclopropanated 7-oxabenzonorbornadiene with alcohols

    Katrina Tait / Oday Alrifai / Rebecca Boutin / Jamie Haner / William Tam

    Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 2189-

    2016  Volume 2196

    Abstract: Palladium-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of cyclopropanated 7-oxabenzonorbornadiene derivatives using alcohol nucleophiles were investigated. The optimal conditions were found to be 10 mol % PdCl2(CH3CN)2 in methanol, offering yields up to 92%. The ... ...

    Abstract Palladium-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of cyclopropanated 7-oxabenzonorbornadiene derivatives using alcohol nucleophiles were investigated. The optimal conditions were found to be 10 mol % PdCl2(CH3CN)2 in methanol, offering yields up to 92%. The reaction was successful using primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol nucleophiles and was compatible with a variety of substituents on cyclopropanated oxabenzonorbornadiene. With unsymmetrical C1-substituted cyclopropanated 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes, the regioselectivity of the reaction was excellent, forming only one regioisomer in all cases.
    Keywords alcohol nucleophiles ; C1 substitution ; cyclopropanated oxabenzonorbornadiene ; palladium catalysis ; ring-opening reactions ; Science ; Q ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Beilstein-Institut
    Document type Article ; Online
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  10. Article ; Online: cis-2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalen-1-ol

    Alan J. Lough / Mohammed-Abdul Raheem / William Tam

    Acta Crystallographica Section E, Vol 70, Iss 5, Pp o546-o

    2014  Volume 546

    Abstract: The stereochemistry and regiochemistry of the title compound, C18H18O2, were determined by the X-ray analysis. There are two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit in which the dihedral angles between the benzene rings are 88.31 (4) and 86.27 (4)°. ...

    Abstract The stereochemistry and regiochemistry of the title compound, C18H18O2, were determined by the X-ray analysis. There are two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit in which the dihedral angles between the benzene rings are 88.31 (4) and 86.27 (4)°. The cyclohexene rings are in half-chair conformations. In the crystal, O—H.O hydrogen bonds link alternating types of molecules into chains along [010] with graph-set C22(4).
    Keywords Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher International Union of Crystallography
    Document type Article ; Online
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