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Book: Appetite and Its Discontents

Williams, Elizabeth A

Science, Medicine, and the Urge to Eat, 1750-1950

2020

Author's details	Elizabeth A. Williams is professor emerita of history at Oklahoma State University
Size	416 p.
Publisher	University of Chicago Press
Document type	Book
Note	PDA Manuell_5
Format	154 x 231 x 28
ISBN	9780226693040 ; 022669304X
Database	PDA

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Article: Function and Distribution of the Wamide Neuropeptide Superfamily in Metazoans.

Williams, Elizabeth A

Frontiers in endocrinology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 344

Abstract: The Wamide neuropeptide superfamily is of interest due to its distinctive functions in regulating life cycle transitions, metamorphic hormone signaling, and several aspects of digestive system function, from gut muscle contraction to satiety and fat ... ...

Abstract	The Wamide neuropeptide superfamily is of interest due to its distinctive functions in regulating life cycle transitions, metamorphic hormone signaling, and several aspects of digestive system function, from gut muscle contraction to satiety and fat storage. Due to variation among researchers in naming conventions, a global view of Wamide signaling in animals in terms of conservation or diversification of function is currently lacking. Here, I summarize the phylogenetic distribution of Wamide neuropeptides based on current data and describe recent findings in the areas of Wamide receptors and biological functions. Common trends that emerge across Cnidarians and protostomes are the presence of multiple Wamide receptors within a single organism, and the fact that Wamide signaling likely functions across an extensive variety of biological systems, including visual, circadian, and reproductive systems. Important areas of focus for future research are the further identification of Wamide-receptor pairs, confirmation of the phylogenetic distribution of Wamides through largescale sequencing and mass spectrometry, and assignment of different functions to specific subsets of Wamide-expressing neurons. More extensive study of Wamide signaling throughout larval development in a greater number of phyla is also important in order to understand the role of Wamides in hormonal regulation. Defining the evolution and function of neuropeptide signaling in animal nervous systems will benefit from an increased understanding of Wamide function and signaling mechanisms in a wider variety of organisms, beyond the traditional model systems.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cnidaria/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Multigene Family ; Nervous System/metabolism ; Neurogenesis ; Neuropeptides/genetics ; Neuropeptides/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Neuropeptides
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2020.00344
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Article ; Online: Nervous systems: Neuropeptides define enigmatic comb-jelly neurons.

Williams, Elizabeth A / Jékely, Gáspár

Current biology : CB

2021 Volume 31, Issue 23, Page(s) R1515–R1517

Abstract: The apparently simple nerve net of comb-jellies has long intrigued biologists. A new study identifies multiple unique neuropeptides in the comb-jelly nervous system and exploits these as indicators of neuronal identity and morphology. ...

Abstract	The apparently simple nerve net of comb-jellies has long intrigued biologists. A new study identifies multiple unique neuropeptides in the comb-jelly nervous system and exploits these as indicators of neuronal identity and morphology.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ctenophora/physiology ; Nerve Net ; Nervous System ; Neurons ; Neuropeptides
Chemical Substances	Neuropeptides
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.054
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Article ; Online: The development of the adult nervous system in the annelid Owenia fusiformis.

Carrillo-Baltodano, Allan M / Donnellan, Rory D / Williams, Elizabeth A / Jékely, Gáspár / Martín-Durán, José M

Neural development

2024 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 3

Abstract: Background: The evolutionary origins of animal nervous systems remain contentious because we still have a limited understanding of neural development in most major animal clades. Annelids - a species-rich group with centralised nervous systems - have ... ...

Abstract	Background: The evolutionary origins of animal nervous systems remain contentious because we still have a limited understanding of neural development in most major animal clades. Annelids - a species-rich group with centralised nervous systems - have played central roles in hypotheses about the origins of animal nervous systems. However, most studies have focused on adults of deeply nested species in the annelid tree. Recently, Owenia fusiformis has emerged as an informative species to reconstruct ancestral traits in Annelida, given its phylogenetic position within the sister clade to all remaining annelids. Methods: Combining immunohistochemistry of the conserved neuropeptides FVamide-lir, RYamide-lir, RGWamide-lir and MIP-lir with gene expression, we comprehensively characterise neural development from larva to adulthood in Owenia fusiformis. Results: The early larval nervous system comprises a neuropeptide-rich apical organ connected through peripheral nerves to a prototroch ring and the chaetal sac. There are seven sensory neurons in the prototroch. A bilobed brain forms below the apical organ and connects to the ventral nerve cord of the developing juvenile. During metamorphosis, the brain compresses, becoming ring-shaped, and the trunk nervous system develops several longitudinal cords and segmented lateral nerves. Conclusions: Our findings reveal the formation and reorganisation of the nervous system during the life cycle of O. fusiformis, an early-branching annelid. Despite its apparent neuroanatomical simplicity, this species has a diverse peptidergic nervous system, exhibiting morphological similarities with other annelids, particularly at the larval stages. Our work supports the importance of neuropeptides in animal nervous systems and highlights how neuropeptides are differentially used throughout development.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Phylogeny ; Annelida/anatomy & histology ; Annelida/genetics ; Nervous System/metabolism ; Polychaeta/anatomy & histology ; Polychaeta/genetics ; Neuropeptides/genetics ; Neuropeptides/metabolism ; Larva
Chemical Substances	Neuropeptides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2254847-6
ISSN	1749-8104 ; 1749-8104
ISSN (online)	1749-8104
ISSN	1749-8104
DOI	10.1186/s13064-024-00180-8
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Article ; Online: BMI trajectories, morbidity, and mortality in England: a two-step approach to estimating consequences of changes in BMI.

Gray, Laura A / Breeze, Penny R / Williams, Elizabeth A

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

2022 Volume 30, Issue 9, Page(s) 1898–1907

Abstract: Objective: BMI is known to have an association with morbidities and mortality. Many studies have argued that identifying health risks using single BMI measures has limitations, particularly in older adults, and that changes in BMI can help to identify ... ...

Abstract	Objective: BMI is known to have an association with morbidities and mortality. Many studies have argued that identifying health risks using single BMI measures has limitations, particularly in older adults, and that changes in BMI can help to identify risks. This study identifies distinct BMI trajectories and their association with the risks of a range of morbidities and mortality. Methods: The English Longitudinal Study of Aging provides data on BMI, mortality, and morbidities between 1998 and 2015, sampled from adults over 50 years of age. This study uses a growth-mixture model and discrete-time survival analysis, combined using a two-step approach, which is novel in this setting, to the authors' knowledge. Results: This study identified four trajectories: "stable overweight," "elevated BMI," "increasing BMI," and "decreasing BMI." No differences in mortality, cancer, or stroke risk were found between these trajectories. BMI trajectories were significantly associated with the risks of diabetes, asthma, arthritis, and heart problems. Conclusions: These results emphasize the importance of looking at change in BMI alongside most recent BMI; BMI trajectories should be considered where possible when assessing health risks. The results suggest that established BMI thresholds should not be used in isolation to identify health risks, particularly in older adults.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Middle Aged ; Morbidity ; Overweight/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Survival Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2230457-5
ISSN	1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
ISSN (online)	1930-739X
ISSN	1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
DOI	10.1002/oby.23510
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Article ; Online: Caring for the poor: Lessons learned from a simulation on social determinants of health.

Killion, Cheryl M / Sfiligoj, Rita / Williams, Elizabeth A

Applied nursing research : ANR

2022 Volume 67, Page(s) 151623

Abstract: Poverty is a dominant social determinant of health (SDOH). One in 10 people in the United States lives in poverty. During the pandemic unemployment increased exponentially, swelling the number of individuals and families with limited resources. Adverse ... ...

Abstract	Poverty is a dominant social determinant of health (SDOH). One in 10 people in the United States lives in poverty. During the pandemic unemployment increased exponentially, swelling the number of individuals and families with limited resources. Adverse health outcomes and challenges in accessing healthcare for the poor are well documented. This paper describes a simulation comprised of case study enactments to increase collaboration among future healthcare providers as they mitigate the negative impact of SDOH, with particular focus on poverty. University students from schools of nursing, public health, and medicine, joined by health care and social service providers from the community, engaged in problem solving through role playing enactments of case studies. Focus groups were conducted to explicate the process and capture challenges, triumphs, and problem solving strategies associated with SDOH, particularly poverty. Directed content analysis and thematic analysis were used to analyze the focus groups. Six themes emerged from simulation debriefings that provide critical lessons related to SDOH and caring for the poor: "When it Rains, it Pours," "Coming of Age Too Soon," Delay and Deny, "Time is Money," "When You Don't Know Your Options, You Don't Have Any," and "Walking in the Shoes of Others." Recommendations included using simulations, with focus groups as a primary methodological approach, for preparing and updating the skills of the present and future healthcare workforce in addressing SDOH especially as recovery from the pandemic takes place.
MeSH term(s)	Attitude of Health Personnel ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Social Determinants of Health ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1027369-4
ISSN	1532-8201 ; 0897-1897
ISSN (online)	1532-8201
ISSN	0897-1897
DOI	10.1016/j.apnr.2022.151623
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Article ; Online: Reply to the letter: Lycopene improves sperm motility and morphology: a promising agent for treating male infertility.

Williams, Elizabeth A / Pacey, Allan

European journal of nutrition

2020 Volume 59, Issue 2, Page(s) 837

MeSH term(s)	Carotenoids ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Lycopene ; Male ; Sperm Motility
Chemical Substances	Carotenoids (36-88-4) ; Lycopene (SB0N2N0WV6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1466536-0
ISSN	1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
ISSN (online)	1436-6215
ISSN	1436-6207
DOI	10.1007/s00394-019-02174-3
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Article: Editorial: The Evolution of Neuropeptides - a Stroll Through the Animal Kingdom: Updates From the Ottawa 2019 ICCPB Symposium and Beyond.

Hoffmann, Klaus H / Williams, Elizabeth A

Frontiers in endocrinology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 508

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Evolution, Molecular ; Invertebrates/physiology ; Nervous System/metabolism ; Neuropeptides/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Societies, Scientific ; Vertebrates/physiology
Chemical Substances	Neuropeptides
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2020.00508
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Article ; Online: Neuronal cell types in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii.

Williams, Elizabeth A / Jékely, Gáspár

Current opinion in neurobiology

2019 Volume 56, Page(s) 106–116

Abstract: The marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii is an invertebrate laboratory model for developmental biology and neuroscience. Its larval stages are small and transparent, enabling whole-body analyses of cell-type diversity and neuronal circuits. Here, we ... ...

Abstract	The marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii is an invertebrate laboratory model for developmental biology and neuroscience. Its larval stages are small and transparent, enabling whole-body analyses of cell-type diversity and neuronal circuits. Here, we review the diversity of neuronal cell types in Platynereis. A variety of approaches have been used to identify cell types in Platynereis including whole-body gene expression atlases, single-cell RNA-seq and whole-body connectomics through serial EM reconstruction. The function of several cell types and neuronal circuits has also been analysed with experimental approaches. Platynereis has aspects of biology and cell types that are absent from the major invertebrate model organisms (C. elegans and Drosophila) including ciliary locomotion, noradrenergic neurons and ciliary photoreceptor cells.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Annelida ; Larva ; Neurons ; Polychaeta
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1078046-4
ISSN	1873-6882 ; 0959-4388
ISSN (online)	1873-6882
ISSN	0959-4388
DOI	10.1016/j.conb.2018.12.008
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Article ; Online: Vitamin D supplementation in people with IBS has no effect on symptom severity and quality of life: results of a randomised controlled trial.

Williams, Claire E / Williams, Elizabeth A / Corfe, Bernard M

European journal of nutrition

2021 Volume 61, Issue 1, Page(s) 299–308

Abstract: Purpose: Several small trials suggest a benefit of vitamin D supplementation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The generalisability of these reports is limited by their design and scale. This study aimed to assess whether vitamin D supplementation ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Several small trials suggest a benefit of vitamin D supplementation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The generalisability of these reports is limited by their design and scale. This study aimed to assess whether vitamin D supplementation improved IBS symptoms in a UK community setting. Methods: This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Participants were recruited from the community in winter months between December 2017 and March 2019. 135 participants received either vitamin D (3,000 IU p.d.) or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was change in IBS symptom severity; secondary outcomes included change in IBS-related quality of life. Results: The participants were analysed on an intent-to-treat basis. 60% of participants were vitamin D deficient or insufficient at baseline. Although vitamin D levels increased in the intervention arm relative to placebo (45.1 ± 32.88 nmol/L vs 3.1 ± 26.15 nmol/L; p < 0.001). There was no difference in the change of IBS symptom severity between the active and placebo trial arms (- 62.5 ± 91.57 vs - 75.2 ± 84.35, p = 0.426) over time. Similarly there was no difference between trial arms in τhe change in quality of life (- 7.7 ± 25.36 vs - 11.31 ± 25.02, p = 0.427). Conclusions: There is no case for advocating use of vitamin D in the management of IBS symptoms. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency suggests routine screening and supplementation should be implemented in this population for general health reasons. This trial was retrospectively registered with ISRCTN (ISRCTN13277340) on 24th April 2018 after recruiting had been initiated.
MeSH term(s)	Dietary Supplements ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/drug therapy ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-30
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1466536-0
ISSN	1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
ISSN (online)	1436-6215
ISSN	1436-6207
DOI	10.1007/s00394-021-02633-w
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