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  1. Article ; Online: Physiological links with behavior and fitness: The acute adrenocortical response predicts trappability but not survival in male and female deermice.

    Eleftheriou, Andreas / Williams, Sara H / Luis, Angela D

    Hormones and behavior

    2022  Volume 143, Page(s) 105183

    Abstract: The "Cort-Fitness" hypothesis predicts a negative relationship between baseline glucocorticoids (GCs) and fitness, although evidence for this hypothesis remains mixed. Such ambiguity could partially exist because blood GCs, typically used in field ... ...

    Abstract The "Cort-Fitness" hypothesis predicts a negative relationship between baseline glucocorticoids (GCs) and fitness, although evidence for this hypothesis remains mixed. Such ambiguity could partially exist because blood GCs, typically used in field studies, can fluctuate too rapidly to measure accurately, while the relationship between GCs and trappability is often neglected. Here, by addressing these factors, we examined relationships between GC measures and survival of North American deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus; hereafter deermice) as a model system. To do this, we used more stable GC measures, including the integrated measures of baseline and stress response fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCMs), and downstream measures of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio), and body condition score (BCS), to characterize their relationships with survival and trappability. Over two years, deermice were live-trapped monthly, evaluated for BCS, and sampled for feces and blood. Stress response FCMs were evaluated only at first capture. Mark-recapture models, with GC measures as predictors of either survival or trappability, were compared to identify top models. We found that stress response FCMs negatively predicted trappability, and weaker evidence that BCS positively predicted survival. Although the latter provides some support for the "Cort-Fitness" hypothesis, there was no support when using integrated measures. Instead, our findings suggest that deermice with a lower adrenocortical response (i.e. stress response FCMs) were more likely to be captured. Therefore, GC-trappability relationships must be investigated in field studies to avoid linking the wrong GC profile to fitness, and physiological measures other than blood GCs may be useful for detecting GC-fitness patterns.
    MeSH term(s) Corticosterone ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Stress, Physiological/physiology
    Chemical Substances Glucocorticoids ; Corticosterone (W980KJ009P)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 214409-8
    ISSN 1095-6867 ; 0018-506X
    ISSN (online) 1095-6867
    ISSN 0018-506X
    DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105183
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  2. Article: Season, prey availability, sex, and age explain prey size selection in a large solitary carnivore.

    Bates-Mundell, Logan / Williams, Sara H / Sager-Fradkin, Kim / Wittmer, Heiko U / Allen, Maximilian L / Cristescu, Bogdan / Wilmers, Christopher C / Elbroch, L Mark

    Ecology and evolution

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) e11080

    Abstract: Prey selection is a fundamental aspect of ecology that drives evolution and community structure, yet the impact of intraspecific variation on the selection for prey size remains largely unaccounted for in ecological theory. Here, we explored puma ( ...

    Abstract Prey selection is a fundamental aspect of ecology that drives evolution and community structure, yet the impact of intraspecific variation on the selection for prey size remains largely unaccounted for in ecological theory. Here, we explored puma (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2635675-2
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.11080
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  3. Article: Demographic responses of nearly extirpated endangered mountain caribou to recovery actions in Central British Columbia.

    McNay, R Scott / Lamb, Clayton T / Giguere, Line / Williams, Sara H / Martin, Hans / Sutherland, Glenn D / Hebblewhite, Mark

    Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 5, Page(s) e2580

    Abstract: Recovering endangered species is a difficult and often controversial task that challenges status quo land uses. Southern Mountain caribou are a threatened ecotype of caribou that historically ranged in southwestern Canada and northwestern USA and ... ...

    Abstract Recovering endangered species is a difficult and often controversial task that challenges status quo land uses. Southern Mountain caribou are a threatened ecotype of caribou that historically ranged in southwestern Canada and northwestern USA and epitomize the tension between resource extraction, biodiversity conservation, and Indigenous Peoples' treaty rights. Human-induced habitat alteration is considered the ultimate cause of caribou population declines, whereby an increased abundance of primary prey-such as moose and deer-elevates predator populations and creates unsustainable caribou mortality. Here we focus on the Klinse-Za and Quintette subpopulations, part of the endangered Central Group of Southern Mountain caribou in British Columbia. These subpopulations were trending toward immediate extirpation until a collaborative group initiated recovery by implementing two short-term recovery actions. We test the effectiveness of these recovery actions-maternity penning of adult females and their calves, and the reduction of a primary predator, wolves-in increasing vital rates and population growth. Klinse-Za received both recovery actions, whereas Quintette only received wolf reductions, providing an opportunity to test efficacy between recovery actions. Between 1995 and 2021, we followed 162 collared female caribou for 414 animal-years to estimate survival and used aerial counts to estimate population abundance and calf recruitment. We combined these data in an integrated population model to estimate female population growth, total population abundance, and recovery action effectiveness. Results suggest that the subpopulations were declining rapidly (λ = 0.90-0.93) before interventions and would have been functionally extirpated (<10 animals) within 10-15 years. Wolf reduction increased population growth rates by ~0.12 for each subpopulation. Wolf reduction halted the decline of Quintette caribou and allowed them to increase (λ = 1.05), but alone would have only stabilized the Klinse-Za (λ = 1.02). However, maternity penning in the Klinse-Za increased population growth by a further ~0.06, which when combined with wolf reductions, allowed populations to grow (λ = 1.08). Taken together, the recovery actions in these subpopulations increased adult female survival, calf recruitment, and overall population growth, more than doubling abundance. Our results suggest that maternity penning and wolf reductions can be effective at increasing caribou numbers in the short term, while long-term commitments to habitat protection and restoration are made.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; British Columbia ; Deer/physiology ; Demography ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Reindeer/physiology ; Wolves/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1074505-1
    ISSN 1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
    ISSN (online) 1939-5582
    ISSN 1051-0761
    DOI 10.1002/eap.2580
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  4. Article: Demographic responses of nearly extirpated endangered mountain caribou to recovery actions in Central British Columbia

    McNay, R. Scott / Lamb, Clayton T. / Giguere, Line / Williams, Sara H. / Martin, Hans / Sutherland, Glenn D. / Hebblewhite, Mark

    Ecological applications. 2022 July, v. 32, no. 5

    2022  

    Abstract: Recovering endangered species is a difficult and often controversial task that challenges status quo land uses. Southern Mountain caribou are a threatened ecotype of caribou that historically ranged in southwestern Canada and northwestern USA and ... ...

    Abstract Recovering endangered species is a difficult and often controversial task that challenges status quo land uses. Southern Mountain caribou are a threatened ecotype of caribou that historically ranged in southwestern Canada and northwestern USA and epitomize the tension between resource extraction, biodiversity conservation, and Indigenous Peoples' treaty rights. Human‐induced habitat alteration is considered the ultimate cause of caribou population declines, whereby an increased abundance of primary prey—such as moose and deer—elevates predator populations and creates unsustainable caribou mortality. Here we focus on the Klinse‐Za and Quintette subpopulations, part of the endangered Central Group of Southern Mountain caribou in British Columbia. These subpopulations were trending toward immediate extirpation until a collaborative group initiated recovery by implementing two short‐term recovery actions. We test the effectiveness of these recovery actions—maternity penning of adult females and their calves, and the reduction of a primary predator, wolves—in increasing vital rates and population growth. Klinse‐Za received both recovery actions, whereas Quintette only received wolf reductions, providing an opportunity to test efficacy between recovery actions. Between 1995 and 2021, we followed 162 collared female caribou for 414 animal‐years to estimate survival and used aerial counts to estimate population abundance and calf recruitment. We combined these data in an integrated population model to estimate female population growth, total population abundance, and recovery action effectiveness. Results suggest that the subpopulations were declining rapidly (λ = 0.90–0.93) before interventions and would have been functionally extirpated (<10 animals) within 10–15 years. Wolf reduction increased population growth rates by ~0.12 for each subpopulation. Wolf reduction halted the decline of Quintette caribou and allowed them to increase (λ = 1.05), but alone would have only stabilized the Klinse‐Za (λ = 1.02). However, maternity penning in the Klinse‐Za increased population growth by a further ~0.06, which when combined with wolf reductions, allowed populations to grow (λ = 1.08). Taken together, the recovery actions in these subpopulations increased adult female survival, calf recruitment, and overall population growth, more than doubling abundance. Our results suggest that maternity penning and wolf reductions can be effective at increasing caribou numbers in the short term, while long‐term commitments to habitat protection and restoration are made.
    Keywords Alces alces ; Rangifer tarandus caribou ; adults ; biodiversity conservation ; calves ; ecotypes ; endangered species ; females ; habitat conservation ; habitat destruction ; models ; mortality ; population growth ; species abundance ; wolves ; British Columbia ; Northwestern United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-07
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1074505-1
    ISSN 1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
    ISSN (online) 1939-5582
    ISSN 1051-0761
    DOI 10.1002/eap.2580
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  5. Article ; Online: Rapid transfer for ST-elevation myocardial infarction PCI: it's just not that hard!

    Blankenship, James C / Williams, Sara H

    The Journal of invasive cardiology

    2009  Volume 21, Issue 9, Page(s) 434–436

    MeSH term(s) Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Health Services Accessibility/standards ; Hospitals, Community/statistics & numerical data ; Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/therapy ; Time Factors ; Transportation of Patients/standards ; Vermont
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1154372-3
    ISSN 1557-2501 ; 1042-3931
    ISSN (online) 1557-2501
    ISSN 1042-3931
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  6. Article: Assessing the effectiveness of protected areas for conserving range‐restricted rain forest butterflies in Sabah, Borneo

    Scriven, Sarah A / Williams, Sara H / Ghani, Mazidi A / Agama, Agnes L / Benedick, Suzan / Brodie, Jedediah F / Hamer, Keith C / McClean, Colin J / Reynolds, Glen / Hill, Jane K

    Biotropica. 2020 Mar., v. 52, no. 2

    2020  

    Abstract: Rain forests on Borneo support exceptional concentrations of endemic insect biodiversity, but many of these forest‐dependent species are threatened by land‐use change. Totally protected areas (TPAs) of forest are key for conserving biodiversity, and we ... ...

    Abstract Rain forests on Borneo support exceptional concentrations of endemic insect biodiversity, but many of these forest‐dependent species are threatened by land‐use change. Totally protected areas (TPAs) of forest are key for conserving biodiversity, and we examined the effectiveness of the current TPA network for conserving range‐restricted butterflies in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo). We found that mean diurnal temperature range and precipitation of the wettest quarter of the year were the most important predictors of butterfly distributions (N = 77 range‐restricted species), and that species richness increased with elevation and aboveground forest carbon. On average across all species, TPAs were effective at conserving ~43% of species’ ranges, but encompassed only ~40% of areas with high species richness (i.e., containing at least 50% of our study species). The TPA network also included only 33%–40% of areas identified as high priority for conserving range‐restricted species, as determined by a systematic conservation prioritization analysis. Hence, the current TPA network is reasonably effective at conserving range‐restricted butterflies, although considerable areas of high species richness (6,565 km²) and high conservation priority (11,152–12,531 km²) are not currently protected. Sabah's remaining forests, and the range‐restricted species they support, are under continued threat from agricultural expansion and urban development, and our study highlights important areas of rain forest that require enhanced protection. Abstract in Malay is available with online material.
    Keywords Borneo ; butterflies ; carbon ; conservation areas ; land use change ; prioritization ; rain forests ; species richness ; temperature ; urban development
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-03
    Size p. 380-391.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2052061-X
    ISSN 1744-7429 ; 0006-3606
    ISSN (online) 1744-7429
    ISSN 0006-3606
    DOI 10.1111/btp.12708
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  7. Article: Incorporating connectivity into conservation planning for the optimal representation of multiple species and ecosystem services

    Williams, Sara H / Scriven, Sarah A / Burslem, David F. R. P / Hill, Jane K / Reynolds, Glen / Agama, Agnes L / Kugan, Frederick / Maycock, Colin R / Khoo, Eyen / Hastie, Alexander Y. L / Sugau, John B / Nilus, Reuben / Pereira, Joan T / Tsen, Sandy L. T / Lee, Leung Y / Juiling, Suzika / Hodgson, Jenny A / Cole, Lydia E. S / Asner, Gregory P /
    Evans, Luke J / Brodie, Jedediah F

    Conservation biology. 2020 Aug., v. 34, no. 4

    2020  

    Abstract: Conservation planning tends to focus on protecting species’ ranges or landscape connectivity but seldom both—particularly in the case of diverse taxonomic assemblages and multiple planning goals. Therefore, information on potential trade‐offs between ... ...

    Abstract Conservation planning tends to focus on protecting species’ ranges or landscape connectivity but seldom both—particularly in the case of diverse taxonomic assemblages and multiple planning goals. Therefore, information on potential trade‐offs between maintaining landscape connectivity and achieving other conservation objectives is lacking. We developed an optimization approach to prioritize the maximal protection of species’ ranges, ecosystem types, and forest carbon stocks, while also including habitat connectivity for range‐shifting species and dispersal corridors to link protected area. We applied our approach to Sabah, Malaysia, where the state government mandated an increase in protected‐area coverage of approximately 305,000 ha but did not specify where new protected areas should be. Compared with a conservation planning approach that did not incorporate the 2 connectivity features, our approach increased the protection of dispersal corridors and elevational connectivity by 13% and 21%, respectively. Coverage of vertebrate and plant species’ ranges and forest types were the same whether connectivity was included or excluded. Our approach protected 2% less forest carbon and 3% less butterfly range than when connectivity features were not included. Hence, the inclusion of connectivity into conservation planning can generate large increases in the protection of landscape connectivity with minimal loss of representation of other conservation targets.
    Keywords Borneo ; butterflies ; carbon ; conservation areas ; ecosystems ; habitat connectivity ; landscape management ; state government ; vertebrates ; wildlife management ; Malaysia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-08
    Size p. 934-942.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 58735-7
    ISSN 1523-1739 ; 0888-8892
    ISSN (online) 1523-1739
    ISSN 0888-8892
    DOI 10.1111/cobi.13450
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  8. Article ; Online: Incorporating connectivity into conservation planning for the optimal representation of multiple species and ecosystem services.

    Williams, Sara H / Scriven, Sarah A / Burslem, David F R P / Hill, Jane K / Reynolds, Glen / Agama, Agnes L / Kugan, Frederick / Maycock, Colin R / Khoo, Eyen / Hastie, Alexander Y L / Sugau, John B / Nilus, Reuben / Pereira, Joan T / Tsen, Sandy L T / Lee, Leung Y / Juiling, Suzika / Hodgson, Jenny A / Cole, Lydia E S / Asner, Gregory P /
    Evans, Luke J / Brodie, Jedediah F

    Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology

    2019  Volume 34, Issue 4, Page(s) 934–942

    Abstract: Conservation planning tends to focus on protecting species' ranges or landscape connectivity but seldom both-particularly in the case of diverse taxonomic assemblages and multiple planning goals. Therefore, information on potential trade-offs between ... ...

    Abstract Conservation planning tends to focus on protecting species' ranges or landscape connectivity but seldom both-particularly in the case of diverse taxonomic assemblages and multiple planning goals. Therefore, information on potential trade-offs between maintaining landscape connectivity and achieving other conservation objectives is lacking. We developed an optimization approach to prioritize the maximal protection of species' ranges, ecosystem types, and forest carbon stocks, while also including habitat connectivity for range-shifting species and dispersal corridors to link protected area. We applied our approach to Sabah, Malaysia, where the state government mandated an increase in protected-area coverage of approximately 305,000 ha but did not specify where new protected areas should be. Compared with a conservation planning approach that did not incorporate the 2 connectivity features, our approach increased the protection of dispersal corridors and elevational connectivity by 13% and 21%, respectively. Coverage of vertebrate and plant species' ranges and forest types were the same whether connectivity was included or excluded. Our approach protected 2% less forest carbon and 3% less butterfly range than when connectivity features were not included. Hence, the inclusion of connectivity into conservation planning can generate large increases in the protection of landscape connectivity with minimal loss of representation of other conservation targets.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; Malaysia ; Vertebrates
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 58735-7
    ISSN 1523-1739 ; 0888-8892
    ISSN (online) 1523-1739
    ISSN 0888-8892
    DOI 10.1111/cobi.13450
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