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Book: Stockley's Phytopharmaka Interaktionen

Williamson, Elizabeth / Battran, Martin / Driver, Samuel / Baxter, Karen

Wechselwirkungen pflanzlicher Arzneimittel

2018

Title translation	Stockley's herbal medicines interactions
Author's details	Williamson/Driver/Baxter ; herausgegeben von Elisabeth Williamson, Samuel Driver, Karen Baxter ; Sachverständige C. Rhoda Lee ; Redaktion Elisabeth S. Foan [und 5 andere] ; Übersetzer Martin Battran
Keywords	Wechselwirkungen pflanzlicher Arzneimittel ; Wechselwirkungen Nahrungsergänzungsmittel ; Arzneimittelinteraktionen ; Interaktionen Schweregrad ; Interaktionen Bewertungssystem ; Interaktionen Therapeutische Alternative ; Wechselwirkungen Functional Food ; Wechselwirkungen Phytopharmaka Arzneimittel ; Phytopharmakon ; Arzneimittelwechselwirkung
Subject	Arzneimittel ; Arzneimittelinterferenz ; Arzneimittelinteraktion ; Interaktion ; Medikamente ; Phytopharmaka ; Phytopharmazeutika ; Phytotherapeutika ; Pflanzliches Arzneimittel ; Pflanzenheilmittel ; Pflanzliche Heilmittel
Subject code	610
Language	German
Size	XVI, 452 Seiten
Edition	1. Auflage
Publisher	WVG, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft
Publishing place	Stuttgart
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT019654437
ISBN	978-3-8047-3733-4 ; 3-8047-3733-1
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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2018 A 1302	available for loan (reading room)	Lesesaal EG

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Book: Stockley's herbal medicines interactions

Williamson, Elizabeth M. / Stockley, Ivan H.

a guide to the interactions of herbal medicines

2013

Title variant	Herbal medicines interactions
Author's details	ed. Elizabeth Williamson
Language	English
Size	XIII, 512 S.
Edition	2. ed.
Publisher	Pharmaceutical Press
Publishing place	London u.a.
Publishing country	Great Britain
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT017513314
ISBN	978-0-85711-026-8 ; 0-85711-026-8
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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2013 A 342	available for loan (reading room)	Lesesaal EG

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Article ; Online: Spiritual coping within medical professions: A psychometric analysis of the Numinous Motivations Inventory short form.

Williamson, Elizabeth / Piedmont, Ralph L / Fox, Jesse / Rowe, Megan / Robinson, Diane

Journal of advanced nursing

2024

Abstract: Aim: To examine the psychometric properties of a short form version of the Numinous Motivation Inventory (NMI) for use with healthcare providers in measuring their existential engagement with life and to assess its relationship with spiritual coping and ...

Abstract	Aim: To examine the psychometric properties of a short form version of the Numinous Motivation Inventory (NMI) for use with healthcare providers in measuring their existential engagement with life and to assess its relationship with spiritual coping and emotional dysphoria. Design: Correlational and psychometric study. Method: Data were collected from June to December 2022. Participants included 102 physicians, recruited from across the United States. Qualtrics was utilized to collect data, and they were evaluated with the NMI short form, Spiritual Coping Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-21). Results: Obtained fit statistics from structural equation modelling analysis indicated close fit of the NMI short form with the original model. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated the value of the NMI as a predictor of negative affect independent of spiritual coping. The NMI did not interact with Spiritual Coping, which was independent of negative affect. Conclusions: The Numinous represents an important aspect of physicians' coping. The constructs can be utilized in training and clinical settings as a valuable and easy-to-use metric for promoting and assessing wellness. The implications of these findings and the value of the NMI were discussed. Impact: An understanding of existential drivers can equip one to cope with the stressors of healthcare. The NMI short form has the capability to explore an individual's existential drivers through the understanding of three domains. Reporting method: Adhered to proper EQUATOR guidelines (GRRAS). Public contribution: No patient or public contribution.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	197634-5
ISSN	1365-2648 ; 0309-2402
ISSN (online)	1365-2648
ISSN	0309-2402
DOI	10.1111/jan.16148
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Article ; Online: Assessing efficacy in non-inferiority trials with non-adherence to interventions: Are intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses fit for purpose?

Dodd, Matthew / Carpenter, James / Thompson, Jennifer A / Williamson, Elizabeth / Fielding, Katherine / Elbourne, Diana

Statistics in medicine

2024 Volume 43, Issue 12, Page(s) 2314–2331

Abstract: Background: Non-inferiority trials comparing different active drugs are often subject to treatment non-adherence. Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses have been advocated in such studies but are not guaranteed to be unbiased in the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Non-inferiority trials comparing different active drugs are often subject to treatment non-adherence. Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses have been advocated in such studies but are not guaranteed to be unbiased in the presence of differential non-adherence. Methods: The REMoxTB trial evaluated two 4-month experimental regimens compared with a 6-month control regimen for newly diagnosed drug-susceptible TB. The primary endpoint was a composite unfavorable outcome of treatment failure or recurrence within 18 months post-randomization. We conducted a simulation study based on REMoxTB to assess the performance of statistical methods for handling non-adherence in non-inferiority trials, including: ITT and PP analyses, adjustment for observed adherence, multiple imputation (MI) of outcomes, inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW), and a doubly-robust (DR) estimator. Results: When non-adherence differed between trial arms, ITT, and PP analyses often resulted in non-trivial bias in the estimated treatment effect, which consequently under- or over-inflated the type I error rate. Adjustment for observed adherence led to similar issues, whereas the MI, IPTW and DR approaches were able to correct bias under most non-adherence scenarios; they could not always eliminate bias entirely in the presence of unobserved confounding. The IPTW and DR methods were generally unbiased and maintained desired type I error rates and statistical power. Conclusions: When non-adherence differs between trial arms, ITT and PP analyses can produce biased estimates of efficacy, potentially leading to the acceptance of inferior treatments or efficacious regimens being missed. IPTW and the DR estimator are relatively straightforward methods to supplement ITT and PP approaches.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Intention to Treat Analysis ; Computer Simulation ; Equivalence Trials as Topic ; Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Antitubercular Agents/administration & dosage ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Bias ; Models, Statistical
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	843037-8
ISSN	1097-0258 ; 0277-6715
ISSN (online)	1097-0258
ISSN	0277-6715
DOI	10.1002/sim.10067
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Article ; Online: Propensity score matching after multiple imputation when a confounder has missing data.

Ségalas, Corentin / Leyrat, Clémence / Carpenter, James R / Williamson, Elizabeth

Statistics in medicine

2023 Volume 42, Issue 7, Page(s) 1082–1095

Abstract: One of the main challenges when using observational data for causal inference is the presence of confounding. A classic approach to account for confounding is the use of propensity score techniques that provide consistent estimators of the causal ... ...

Abstract	One of the main challenges when using observational data for causal inference is the presence of confounding. A classic approach to account for confounding is the use of propensity score techniques that provide consistent estimators of the causal treatment effect under four common identifiability assumptions for causal effects, including that of no unmeasured confounding. Propensity score matching is a very popular approach which, in its simplest form, involves matching each treated patient to an untreated patient with a similar estimated propensity score, that is, probability of receiving the treatment. The treatment effect can then be estimated by comparing treated and untreated patients within the matched dataset. When missing data arises, a popular approach is to apply multiple imputation to handle the missingness. The combination of propensity score matching and multiple imputation is increasingly applied in practice. However, in this article we demonstrate that combining multiple imputation and propensity score matching can lead to over-coverage of the confidence interval for the treatment effect estimate. We explore the cause of this over-coverage and we evaluate, in this context, the performance of a correction to Rubin's rules for multiple imputation proposed by finding that this correction removes the over-coverage.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Propensity Score ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Causality
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	843037-8
ISSN	1097-0258 ; 0277-6715
ISSN (online)	1097-0258
ISSN	0277-6715
DOI	10.1002/sim.9658
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Article ; Online: A comparison of covariate adjustment approaches under model misspecification in individually randomized trials.

Tackney, Mia S / Morris, Tim / White, Ian / Leyrat, Clemence / Diaz-Ordaz, Karla / Williamson, Elizabeth

Trials

2023 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 14

Abstract: Adjustment for baseline covariates in randomized trials has been shown to lead to gains in power and can protect against chance imbalances in covariates. For continuous covariates, there is a risk that the the form of the relationship between the ... ...

Abstract	Adjustment for baseline covariates in randomized trials has been shown to lead to gains in power and can protect against chance imbalances in covariates. For continuous covariates, there is a risk that the the form of the relationship between the covariate and outcome is misspecified when taking an adjusted approach. Using a simulation study focusing on individually randomized trials with small sample sizes, we explore whether a range of adjustment methods are robust to misspecification, either in the covariate-outcome relationship or through an omitted covariate-treatment interaction. Specifically, we aim to identify potential settings where G-computation, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), augmented inverse probability of treatment weighting (AIPTW) and targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) offer improvement over the commonly used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Our simulations show that all adjustment methods are generally robust to model misspecification if adjusting for a few covariates, sample size is 100 or larger, and there are no covariate-treatment interactions. When there is a non-linear interaction of treatment with a skewed covariate and sample size is small, all adjustment methods can suffer from bias; however, methods that allow for interactions (such as G-computation with interaction and IPTW) show improved results compared to ANCOVA. When there are a high number of covariates to adjust for, ANCOVA retains good properties while other methods suffer from under- or over-coverage. An outstanding issue for G-computation, IPTW and AIPTW in small samples is that standard errors are underestimated; they should be used with caution without the availability of small-sample corrections, development of which is needed. These findings are relevant for covariate adjustment in interim analyses of larger trials.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Computer Simulation ; Probability ; Sample Size
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2040523-6
ISSN	1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
ISSN (online)	1745-6215
ISSN	1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
DOI	10.1186/s13063-022-06967-6
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Article ; Online: Multiple imputation approaches for epoch-level accelerometer data in trials.

Tackney, Mia S / Williamson, Elizabeth / Cook, Derek G / Limb, Elizabeth / Harris, Tess / Carpenter, James

Statistical methods in medical research

2023 Volume 32, Issue 10, Page(s) 1936–1960

Abstract: Clinical trials that investigate physical activity interventions often use accelerometers to measure step count at a very granular level, for example in 5-second epochs. Participants typically wear the accelerometer for a week-long period at baseline, ... ...

Abstract	Clinical trials that investigate physical activity interventions often use accelerometers to measure step count at a very granular level, for example in 5-second epochs. Participants typically wear the accelerometer for a week-long period at baseline, and for one or more week-long follow-up periods after the intervention. The data is aggregated to provide daily or weekly step counts for the primary analysis. Missing data are common as participants may not wear the device as per protocol. Approaches to handling missing data in the literature have defined missingness on the day level using a threshold on daily weartime, which leads to loss of information on the time of day when data are missing. We propose an approach to identifying and classifying missingness at the finer epoch-level and present two approaches to handling missingness using multiple imputation. Firstly, we present a parametric approach which accounts for the number of missing epochs per day. Secondly, we describe a non-parametric approach where missing periods during the day are replaced by donor data from the same person where possible, or data from a different person who is matched on demographic and physical activity-related variables. Our simulation studies show that the non-parametric approach leads to estimates of the effect of treatment that are least biased while maintaining small standard errors. We illustrate the application of these different multiple imputation strategies to the analysis of the 2017 PACE-UP trial. The proposed framework is likely to be applicable to other digital health outcomes and to other wearable devices.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Computer Simulation ; Exercise ; Accelerometry
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1136948-6
ISSN	1477-0334 ; 0962-2802
ISSN (online)	1477-0334
ISSN	0962-2802
DOI	10.1177/09622802231188518
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Article ; Online: In Vitro Reconstitutive Base Excision Repair (BER) Assay.

Jaiswal, Aruna S / Williamson, Elizabeth A / Jaiswal, Arunima S / Kong, Kimi / Hromas, Robert A

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2023 Volume 2701, Page(s) 91–112

Abstract: The mammalian cell genome is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous insults that modify its DNA. These modifications can be single-base lesions, bulky DNA adducts, base dimers, base alkylation, cytosine deamination, nitrosation, or other types ... ...

Abstract	The mammalian cell genome is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous insults that modify its DNA. These modifications can be single-base lesions, bulky DNA adducts, base dimers, base alkylation, cytosine deamination, nitrosation, or other types of base alteration which interfere with DNA replication. Mammalian cells have evolved with a robust defense mechanism to repair these base modifications (damages) to preserve genomic stability. Base excision repair (BER) is the major defense mechanism for cells to remove these oxidative or alkylated single-base modifications. The base excision repair process involves replacement of a single-nucleotide residue by two sub-pathways, the single-nucleotide (SN) and the multi-nucleotide or long-patch (LP) base excision repair pathways. These reactions have been reproduced in vitro using cell free extracts or purified recombinant proteins involved in the base excision repair pathway. In the present chapter, we describe the detailed methodology to reconstitute base excision repair assay systems. These reconstitutive BER assay systems use artificially synthesized and modified DNA. These reconstitutive assay system will be a true representation of biologically occurring damages and their repair.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-3373-1_6
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Article ; Online: Timeliness of childhood vaccination in England: A population-based cohort study.

Suffel, Anne M / Walker, Jemma L / Williamson, Elizabeth / McDonald, Helen I / Warren-Gash, Charlotte

Vaccine

2023 Volume 41, Issue 39, Page(s) 5775–5781

Abstract: Introduction: Vaccine surveillance for children in England focuses on coverage at ages 1, 2, and 5 years. Previous studies exploring vaccine timeliness have used different arbitrary categories to define whether vaccines were received 'late' or 'on time'. ...

Abstract	Introduction: Vaccine surveillance for children in England focuses on coverage at ages 1, 2, and 5 years. Previous studies exploring vaccine timeliness have used different arbitrary categories to define whether vaccines were received 'late' or 'on time'. This paper aims to provide more detailed and holistic information on timing and patterns of vaccine uptake across the childhood immunisation schedule in England. Methods: We included all children born in England between 2006 and 2014 and registered in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum, a primary care electronic health record. We described vaccine uptake for representative antigens (pertussis, pneumococcus, measles) by age in days and stratified by ethnicity, region and birth cohort. Alluvial diagrams were used to illustrate common journeys through the vaccination schedule, and we applied survival analysis using accelerated failure time models (AFT) to predict age of vaccine receipt based on timing of previous doses. Results: 573,015 children were followed up until their fifth birthday, when they had 90.16 % coverage for two doses of measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine and 88.78% coverage for four doses of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Overall, the later the age at which a vaccine was due, the more delay in vaccination. Children of Black Ethnicity or from London showed deviating uptake patterns. If a child received their third DTP dose more than a year later than recommended, they would receive the next dose 2.7 times later than a child who was vaccinated on time. A smaller delay was found for children who did not receive first MMR dose on time. Discussion: We showed that the risk of vaccination delay increased with the age of the child and significant delay of previous doses. Primary care data can help to promptly identify children at higher risk of delayed vaccination.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Cohort Studies ; Whooping Cough ; Vaccination ; Immunization Schedule ; Measles/prevention & control ; Mumps/prevention & control ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
Chemical Substances	Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.002
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Article: World IVF Day: Let the Celebration Begin!

Onyewuenyi, Ticara L / Williamson, Elizabeth / Flyckt, Rebecca / Bates, Wright / Lindheim, Steven R

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC

2023 Volume 45, Issue 7, Page(s) 475–476

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2171082-X
ISSN	1701-2163
ISSN	1701-2163
DOI	10.1016/j.jogc.2023.05.001
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