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  1. Article ; Online: Presurgical microstructural coherence predicts cognitive change for bariatric surgery patients.

    Chen, Alexa K / Gullett, Joseph M / Williamson, John B / Cohen, Ronald A

    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 9, Page(s) 2325–2334

    Abstract: Objective: This observational study examined the relationship between presurgical white matter microstructural coherence and cognitive change after weight loss. It was hypothesized that higher baseline fractional anisotropy (FA) would predict greater ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This observational study examined the relationship between presurgical white matter microstructural coherence and cognitive change after weight loss. It was hypothesized that higher baseline fractional anisotropy (FA) would predict greater baseline and change cognition.
    Methods: A sample of 24 adults (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m
    Results: As expected, FA in some tracts of interest was significantly (p < 0.05) positively associated with change in cognition. Inverse relationships were observed between baseline FA and presurgical cognition, which may be explained by increased medial and radial diffusivity and preserved axonal diffusivity. Cognition generally improved after surgery; however, relative but clinically nonsignificant deterioration was observed on learning measures. Poorer baseline cognitive performance was associated with greater postsurgical cognitive improvement.
    Conclusions: Presurgical microstructural coherence is associated with magnitude of cognitive change after weight loss. An observed reduction in learning suggests that bariatric surgery may lead to negative outcomes in some cognitive domains, at least temporarily.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Cognition ; Executive Function ; Bariatric Surgery ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Weight Loss
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2230457-5
    ISSN 1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    ISSN (online) 1930-739X
    ISSN 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    DOI 10.1002/oby.23837
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Psychometric properties of the Autonomic Symptoms Checklist in the Lewy body disease module of the uniform dataset.

    Waters, Abigail B / Williamson, John B / Kiselica, Andrew M

    International journal of geriatric psychiatry

    2022  Volume 37, Issue 12

    Abstract: Introduction: Autonomic dysfunction is an important feature of Lewy Body Dementia (DLB), but measurement of autonomic symptoms has been limited in both previous research and clinical practice. Accurate measurement of autonomic dysfunction has the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Autonomic dysfunction is an important feature of Lewy Body Dementia (DLB), but measurement of autonomic symptoms has been limited in both previous research and clinical practice. Accurate measurement of autonomic dysfunction has the potential to improve our understanding of the course and progression of DLB, given that autonomic symptoms typically precede cognitive impairment and are associated with functional impairment. The primary aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the two versions (3.0 and 3.1) of the NACC LBD-module Autonomic Symptom Checklist (ASC).
    Methods: Psychometric analyses of the ASC (internal consistency, reliability, factor structure, and validity) were conducted on data acquired from 245 individuals with DLB from the NACC database. ASC V3.0 was contrasted on these attributes to V3.1.
    Results: Results suggested an underlying factor structure for the ASC, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed 3 factors, which generally aligned with discrete autonomic systems. The ASC V3.0 and CFA-identified scales were comparable in terms of reliability, which were both improved relative to the ASC V3.1. In terms of ecological validity, CFA-identified items related to gastrointestinal/thermoregulation symptoms were significantly more associated with functional outcomes compared to the unitary ASC.
    Conclusion: Findings underscore the importance of differentiation within the autonomic system. Future research into autonomic symptom classes and lab-based pathophysiological measurement of autonomic dysfunction in DLB has the potential to support early identification and inform treatment planning.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Lewy Body Disease ; Psychometrics ; Checklist ; Reproducibility of Results ; Cognitive Dysfunction/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 806736-3
    ISSN 1099-1166 ; 0885-6230
    ISSN (online) 1099-1166
    ISSN 0885-6230
    DOI 10.1002/gps.5838
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  3. Article ; Online: Music, Mind, Mood, and Mingling in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: A Scoping Review.

    Colverson, Aaron J / Trifilio, Erin / Williamson, John B

    Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD

    2022  Volume 86, Issue 4, Page(s) 1569–1588

    Abstract: Background: Music-based interventions may help to alleviate neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia and promote prosocial interactions between individuals living with dementia and their caregivers. However, current literature does not combine these ... ...

    Abstract Background: Music-based interventions may help to alleviate neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia and promote prosocial interactions between individuals living with dementia and their caregivers. However, current literature does not combine these evidence bases toward explanation of how music-based interventions may alleviate symptoms and promote prosocial interactions.
    Objective: We conducted a scoping review to address the following question: what do the evidence bases suggest toward how music therapy or music-based therapeutic interventions might promote prosocial interactions between individuals living with dementia and their caregivers?
    Methods: In this review we focused on: 1) quantitative and qualitative evidence of music-based therapies promoting prosocial behaviors in individuals living with dementia, and 2) potential neurobehavioral mechanisms associated with the processes involved with how music may promote prosocial interactions. Databases included PubMed, EBSCOhost's CINAHL and PsycINFO, Cochrane Library (sub-search conducted using ALOIS, the Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group), Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov, ProQuest's Biological Science Collection, the Journal of Music Therapy, Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, and Google Scholar.
    Results: Sixteen original research studies were included for evidence synthesis. This scoping review reveals the need to define and clarify mechanisms of prosocial interactions between individuals living with dementia and their caregivers considering biological and social factors. These mechanisms may include dynamic interactions between preserved brain regions associated with music-evoked autobiographical memory recall and shifts from negative to positive mood states.
    Conclusion: Defining and clarifying how and to what extent music may promote prosocial behaviors using well-designed and well-controlled mixed-methods studies may positively influence the design of interventions to promote prosocial interactions with caregivers.
    MeSH term(s) Affect ; Alzheimer Disease/therapy ; Dementia/psychology ; Dementia/therapy ; Humans ; Music ; Music Therapy/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1440127-7
    ISSN 1875-8908 ; 1387-2877
    ISSN (online) 1875-8908
    ISSN 1387-2877
    DOI 10.3233/JAD-215199
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Vertical pseudoneglect: Sensory-attentional versus action-intentional.

    Chapin, Benjamin A / Pisanuwongrak, K / Williamson, John B / Heilman, K M

    Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology

    2022  Volume 44, Issue 2, Page(s) 163–170

    Abstract: Introduction: Healthy persons demonstrate an upward bias on the vertical-line bisection test (vertical or "altitudinal" pseudoneglect). This bias might be sensory-attentional or action-intentional in origin. To test the action-intention hypothesis, we ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Healthy persons demonstrate an upward bias on the vertical-line bisection test (vertical or "altitudinal" pseudoneglect). This bias might be sensory-attentional or action-intentional in origin. To test the action-intention hypothesis, we analyze whether the direction of action has an effect on altitudinal pseudoneglect.
    Methods: Twenty-four healthy right-handed adults performed vertical-line bisection on an apparatus designed to distinguish the effects of sensory-attention and action-intention. Depending on hand placement, participants estimated line midpoints with a marker that moved in the same (congruent) or opposite (incongruent) direction as their hand movements. Two binary factors - hand movement in the upward versus downward direction and congruent vs incongruent hand movements - produced four conditions.
    Results: There was upward deviation from the midline across all conditions. Bisections in the incongruent condition were higher than in the congruent condition. Bisections were also higher with upward hand movements than with downward hand movements. There was not a significant interaction between these factors.
    Conclusions: These results suggest that vertical pseudoneglect is primarily influenced by the allocation of allocentric attention, rather than action-intention. However, action-perceptual spatial incongruence increased this deviation. Perhaps the incongruent condition requires greater allocation of attention, but further exploration is needed. Additionally, these results suggest that visual attention follows the direction of motor action. Future studies of visual attention should consider the potential influence of this factor.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Functional Laterality ; Hand ; Humans ; Space Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605982-x
    ISSN 1744-411X ; 0168-8634 ; 1380-3395
    ISSN (online) 1744-411X
    ISSN 0168-8634 ; 1380-3395
    DOI 10.1080/13803395.2022.2098934
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Anxiety-Related Conditions.

    Williamson, John B / Jaffee, Michael S / Jorge, Ricardo E

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 1738–1763

    Abstract: Purpose of review: This article provides a synopsis of current assessment and treatment considerations for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related anxiety disorder characteristics. Epidemiologic and neurobiological data are reviewed as well as ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: This article provides a synopsis of current assessment and treatment considerations for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related anxiety disorder characteristics. Epidemiologic and neurobiological data are reviewed as well as common associated symptoms, including sleep disruption, and treatment approaches to these conditions.
    Recent findings: PTSD is no longer considered an anxiety-related disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition classification and instead is associated with trauma/stressor-related disorders. PTSD symptoms are clustered into four domains including intrusive experiences, avoidance, mood, and arousal symptoms. Despite this reclassification, similarities exist in consideration of diagnosis, treatment, and comorbidities with anxiety disorders. PTSD and anxiety-related disorders are heterogeneous, which is reflected by the neural circuits involved in the genesis of symptoms that may vary across symptom domains. Treatment is likely to benefit from consideration of this heterogeneity.Research in animal models of fear and anxiety, as well as in humans, suggests that patients with PTSD and generalized anxiety disorder have difficulty accurately determining safety from danger and struggle to suppress fear in the presence of safety cues.Empirically supported psychotherapies commonly involved exposure (fear extinction learning) and are recommended for PTSD. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been shown to be effective in other anxiety-related disorders. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly used in the treatment of PTSD and anxiety disorders in which pharmacologic intervention is supported. Treating sleep disruption including sleep apnea (continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP]), nightmares, and insomnia (preferably via psychotherapy) may improve symptoms of PTSD, as well as improve mood in anxiety disorders.
    Summary: PTSD has a lifetime prevalence that is close to 10% and shares neurobiological features with anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders are the most common class of mental conditions and are highly comorbid with other disorders; treatment considerations typically include cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacologic intervention. Developing technologies show some promise as treatment alternatives in the future.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders/therapy ; Extinction, Psychological ; Fear ; Humans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1538-6899
    ISSN (online) 1538-6899
    DOI 10.1212/CON.0000000000001054
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  6. Article ; Online: Regional associations of white matter integrity and neurological, post-traumatic stress disorder and autonomic symptoms in Veterans with and without history of loss of consciousness in mild TBI.

    Waters, Abigail B / Bottari, Sarah A / Jones, Laura C / Lamb, Damon G / Lewis, Gregory F / Williamson, John B

    Frontiers in neuroimaging

    2024  Volume 2, Page(s) 1265001

    Abstract: Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) share overlapping symptom presentations and are highly comorbid conditions among Veteran populations. Despite elevated presentations of PTSD after mTBI, mechanisms ... ...

    Abstract Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) share overlapping symptom presentations and are highly comorbid conditions among Veteran populations. Despite elevated presentations of PTSD after mTBI, mechanisms linking the two are unclear, although both have been associated with alterations in white matter and disruptions in autonomic regulation. The present study aimed to determine if there is regional variability in white matter correlates of symptom severity and autonomic functioning in a mixed sample of Veterans with and without PTSD and/or mTBI (
    Methods: Diffusion-weighted images were processed to extract fractional anisotropy (FA) values for major white matter structures. The PTSD Checklist-Military version (PCL-M) and Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) were used to determine symptom domains within PTSD and mTBI. Autonomic function was assessed using continuous blood pressure and respiratory sinus arrythmia during a static, standing angle positional test. Mixed-effect models were used to assess the regional specificity of associations between symptom severity and white matter, with FA, global symptom severity (score), and white matter tract (tract) as predictors. Additional interaction terms of symptom domain (i.e., NSI and PCL-M subscales) and loss of consciousness (LoC) were added to evaluate potential moderating effects. A parallel analysis was conducted to explore concordance with autonomic functioning.
    Results: Results from the two-way Score × Tract interaction suggested that global symptom severity was associated with FA in the cingulum angular bundle (positive) and uncinate fasciculus (negative) only, without variability by symptom domain. We also found regional specificity in the relationship between FA and autonomic function, such that FA was positively associated with autonomic function in all tracts except the cingulum angular bundle. History of LoC moderated the association for both global symptom severity and autonomic function.
    Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with previous literature suggesting that there is significant overlap in the symptom presentation in TBI and PTSD, and white matter variability associated with LoC in mTBI may be associated with increased PTSD-spectra symptoms. Further research on treatment response in patients with both mTBI history and PTSD incorporating imaging and autonomic assessment may be valuable in understanding the role of brain injury in treatment outcomes and inform treatment design.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3123824-5
    ISSN 2813-1193 ; 2813-1193
    ISSN (online) 2813-1193
    ISSN 2813-1193
    DOI 10.3389/fnimg.2023.1265001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Functional connectivity of brain networks during semantic processing in older adults.

    Garcia, Amanda / Cohen, Ronald A / Porges, Eric C / Williamson, John B / Woods, Adam J

    Frontiers in aging neuroscience

    2022  Volume 14, Page(s) 814882

    Abstract: The neural systems underlying semantic processing have been characterized with functional neuroimaging in young adults. Whether the integrity of these systems degrade with advanced age remains unresolved. The current study examined functional ... ...

    Abstract The neural systems underlying semantic processing have been characterized with functional neuroimaging in young adults. Whether the integrity of these systems degrade with advanced age remains unresolved. The current study examined functional connectivity during abstract and concrete word processing. Thirty-eight adults, aged 55-91, engaged in semantic association decision tasks during a mixed event-related block functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm. During the semantic trials, the task required participants to make a judgment as to whether pairs were semantically associated. During the rhyme trials, the task required participants to determine if non-word pairs rhymed. Seeds were placed in putative semantic hubs of the left anterior middle temporal gyrus (aMTG) and the angular gyrus (AG), and also in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), an area considered important for semantic control. Greater connectivity between aMTG, AG, and IFG and multiple cortical areas occurred during semantic processing. Connectivity from the three seeds differed during semantic processing: the left AG and aMTG were strongly connected with frontal, parietal, and occipital areas bilaterally, whereas the IFG was most strongly connected with other frontal cortical areas and the AG in the ipsilateral left hemisphere. Notably, the strength and extent of connectivity differed for abstract and concrete semantic processing; connectivity from the left aMTG and AG to bilateral cortical areas was greater during abstract processing, whereas IFG connectivity with left cortical areas was greater during concrete processing. With advanced age, greater connectivity occurred only between the left AG and supramarginal gyrus during the processing of concrete word-pairs, but not abstract word-pairs. Among older adults, robust functional connectivity of the aMTG, AG, and IFG to widely distributed bilateral cortical areas occurs during abstract and concrete semantic processing in a manner consistent with reports from past studies of young adults. There was not a significant degradation of functional connectivity during semantic processing between the ages of 55 and 85 years. As the study focused on semantic functioning in older adults, a comparison group of young adults was not included, limiting generalizability. Future longitudinal neuroimaging studies that compare functional connectivity of young and older adults under different semantic demands will be valuable.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2558898-9
    ISSN 1663-4365
    ISSN 1663-4365
    DOI 10.3389/fnagi.2022.814882
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  8. Article ; Online: Hemodialyzed Individuals' Left Spatial Attentional Bias Is Normalized Following Successful Kidney Transplantation.

    Mańkowska, Aleksandra / Heilman, Kenneth M / Williamson, John B / Biedunkiewicz, Bogdan / Dębska-Ślizień, Alicja / Harciarek, Michał

    Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology

    2022  Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 32–39

    Abstract: Background: Healthy people have a leftward spatial attentional bias, called pseudoneglect. Individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are receiving hemodialysis often demonstrate an increase in their leftward spatial attentional bias. Whereas a ...

    Abstract Background: Healthy people have a leftward spatial attentional bias, called pseudoneglect. Individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are receiving hemodialysis often demonstrate an increase in their leftward spatial attentional bias. Whereas a successful kidney transplant often improves the cognitive functions of individuals who previously received hemodialysis, the effect of a kidney transplant on this abnormal allocation of spatial attention has not been investigated.
    Objective: To investigate the effects of kidney transplant on individuals who were being treated with dialysis and had an increase in their left spatial attentional bias.
    Method: The performance of 20 hemodialyzed individuals with ESRD on the line bisection test was compared to that of 17 demographically matched individuals with ESRD, who had received a kidney transplant, and 23 demographically matched healthy controls (HC).
    Results: All of the participants exhibited a left spatial bias on the line bisection task. When compared with the HC, the hemodialyzed individuals demonstrated a significantly greater left spatial bias. There was, however, no difference in spatial bias between the HC and the individuals who had received a kidney transplant.
    Conclusion: A successful kidney transplant can improve patients' abnormal leftward allocation of spatial attention. However, future studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of this spatial attentional bias in hemodialyzed individuals and the normalization of bias following transplantation.
    MeSH term(s) Attentional Bias ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Space Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2108112-8
    ISSN 1543-3641 ; 1543-3633
    ISSN (online) 1543-3641
    ISSN 1543-3633
    DOI 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000290
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  9. Article ; Online: Effects of sleep disturbance on trauma-focused psychotherapy outcomes in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review.

    Bottari, Sarah A / Trifilio, Erin R / Janicke, David M / Porges, Eric C / Cohen, Ronald A / Jaffee, Michael S / Williamson, John B

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    2023  Volume 1526, Issue 1, Page(s) 30–49

    Abstract: This study aimed to synthesize existing research on the effects of sleep disturbances on trauma-focused psychotherapy outcomes in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A systematic review using PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and ... ...

    Abstract This study aimed to synthesize existing research on the effects of sleep disturbances on trauma-focused psychotherapy outcomes in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A systematic review using PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and PTSDpubs was performed up to April 2021. Two independent reviewers screened articles for inclusion, performed data extraction, and assessed risk of bias and certainty of the evidence. Narrative synthesis was conducted based on the type of sleep disorder symptom assessed. Sixteen primary studies were included in this review, the majority of which had a high overall risk of bias. Results suggested that sleep disorder symptoms were associated with higher overall PTSD severity across treatment; however, they did not interfere with treatment effectiveness, with the exception of sleep-disordered breathing. Improvements in insomnia, sleep duration, and sleep quality during treatment were associated with greater treatment gains. Certainty of the evidence ranged from low to very low. These results suggest that it may not be necessary to address sleep disorder symptoms prior to initiating trauma-focused psychotherapy. Instead, concurrent treatment of sleep- and trauma-related symptoms may be most beneficial. Continued research is needed to clarify the mechanistic relationship between sleep and treatment outcomes and to guide clinical decision-making.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy ; Psychotherapy/methods ; Sleep Wake Disorders/therapy ; Sleep Wake Disorders/complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Sleep
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 211003-9
    ISSN 1749-6632 ; 0077-8923
    ISSN (online) 1749-6632
    ISSN 0077-8923
    DOI 10.1111/nyas.15029
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  10. Article ; Online: The Long and the Short of Benzodiazepines and Sleep Medications: Short-Term Benefits, Long-Term Harms?

    DeKosky, Steven T / Williamson, John B

    Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics

    2019  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 153–155

    MeSH term(s) Benzodiazepines/administration & dosage ; Benzodiazepines/adverse effects ; Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Sleep/drug effects ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Benzodiazepines (12794-10-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2316693-9
    ISSN 1878-7479 ; 1933-7213
    ISSN (online) 1878-7479
    ISSN 1933-7213
    DOI 10.1007/s13311-019-00827-z
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