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Artikel ; Online: The impact of paternal age on new mutations and disease in the next generation.

Wood, Katherine A / Goriely, Anne

2022 Band 118, Heft 6, Seite(n) 1001–1012

Abstract: Advanced paternal age is associated with an increased risk of fathering children with genetic disorders and other adverse reproductive consequences. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unexplored. In this review, we focus on ...

Abstract	Advanced paternal age is associated with an increased risk of fathering children with genetic disorders and other adverse reproductive consequences. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unexplored. In this review, we focus on the impact of paternal age on de novo mutations that are an important contributor to genetic disease and can be studied both indirectly through large-scale sequencing studies and directly in the tissue in which they predominantly arise-the aging testis. We discuss the recent data that have helped establish the origins and frequency of de novo mutations, and highlight experimental evidence about the close link between new mutations, parental age, and genetic disease. We then focus on a small group of rare genetic conditions, the so-called "paternal age effect" disorders that show a strong association between paternal age and disease prevalence, and discuss the underlying mechanism ("selfish selection") and implications of this process in more detail. More broadly, understanding the causes and consequences of paternal age on genetic risk has important implications both for individual couples and for public health advice given that the average age of fatherhood is steadily increasing in many developed nations.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Humans ; Male ; Aging ; Mutation ; Paternal Age ; Testis
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-11-06
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80133-1
ISSN	1556-5653 ; 0015-0282
ISSN (online)	1556-5653
ISSN	0015-0282
DOI	10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.10.017
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Reconstruction of Navicular Osteochondral Lesions: Two Case Reports With Short-term Follow-up.

Wood, Katherine / Morrisett, Ryan / Reasnor, Ty / Haleem, Amgad M

Foot & ankle orthopaedics

2024 Band 9, Heft 1, Seite(n) 24730114241229092

Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-02-15
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Case Reports
ISSN	2473-0114
ISSN (online)	2473-0114
DOI	10.1177/24730114241229092
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Clathrin: the molecular shape shifter.

Wood, Katherine M / Smith, Corinne J

The Biochemical journal

2021 Band 478, Heft 16, Seite(n) 3099–3123

Abstract: Clathrin is best known for its contribution to clathrin-mediated endocytosis yet it also participates to a diverse range of cellular functions. Key to this is clathrin's ability to assemble into polyhedral lattices that include curved football or basket ... ...

Abstract	Clathrin is best known for its contribution to clathrin-mediated endocytosis yet it also participates to a diverse range of cellular functions. Key to this is clathrin's ability to assemble into polyhedral lattices that include curved football or basket shapes, flat lattices or even tubular structures. In this review, we discuss clathrin structure and coated vesicle formation, how clathrin is utilised within different cellular processes including synaptic vesicle recycling, hormone desensitisation, spermiogenesis, cell migration and mitosis, and how clathrin's remarkable 'shapeshifting' ability to form diverse lattice structures might contribute to its multiple cellular functions.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Clathrin/chemistry ; Clathrin/metabolism ; Clathrin/ultrastructure ; Endocytosis ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Exocytosis ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron/methods ; Models, Biological ; Protein Conformation
Chemische Substanzen	Clathrin
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-08-26
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2969-5
ISSN	1470-8728 ; 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
ISSN (online)	1470-8728
ISSN	0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
DOI	10.1042/BCJ20200740
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Localist versus distributed representation of sounds in the auditory cortex controlled by distinct inhibitory neuronal subtypes.

Tobin, Melanie / Sheth, Janaki / Wood, Katherine C / Geffen, Maria N

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Cortical neuronal populations can use a multitude of codes to represent information, each with different advantages and trade-offs. The auditory cortex represents sounds via a sparse code, which lies on the continuum between a localist representation ... ...

Abstract	Cortical neuronal populations can use a multitude of codes to represent information, each with different advantages and trade-offs. The auditory cortex represents sounds via a sparse code, which lies on the continuum between a localist representation with different cells responding to different sounds, and a distributed representation, in which each sound is encoded in the relative response of each cell in the population. Being able to dynamically shift the neuronal code along this axis may help with a variety of tasks that require categorical or invariant representations. Cortical circuits contain multiple types of inhibitory neurons which shape how information is processed within neuronal networks. Here, we asked whether somatostatin-expressing (SST) and vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP) inhibitory neurons may have distinct effects on population neuronal codes, differentially shifting the encoding of sounds between distributed and localist representations. We stimulated optogenetically SST or VIP neurons while simultaneously measuring the response of populations of hundreds of neurons to sounds presented at different sound pressure levels. SST activation shifted the neuronal population responses toward a more localist code, whereas VIP activation shifted them towards a more distributed code. Upon SST activation, sound representations became more discrete, relying on cell identity rather than strength. In contrast, upon VIP activation, distinct sounds activated overlapping populations at different rates. These shifts were implemented at the single-cell level by modulating the response-level curve of monotonic and nonmonotonic neurons. These results suggest a novel function for distinct inhibitory neurons in the auditory cortex in dynamically controlling cortical population codes.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-06-22
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.02.01.526470
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Reversible Inactivation of Ferret Auditory Cortex Impairs Spatial and Nonspatial Hearing.

Town, Stephen M / Poole, Katarina C / Wood, Katherine C / Bizley, Jennifer K

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2023 Band 43, Heft 5, Seite(n) 749–763

Abstract: A key question in auditory neuroscience is to what extent are brain regions functionally specialized for processing specific sound features, such as location and identity. In auditory cortex, correlations between neural activity and sounds support both ... ...

Abstract	A key question in auditory neuroscience is to what extent are brain regions functionally specialized for processing specific sound features, such as location and identity. In auditory cortex, correlations between neural activity and sounds support both the specialization of distinct cortical subfields, and encoding of multiple sound features within individual cortical areas. However, few studies have tested the contribution of auditory cortex to hearing in multiple contexts. Here we determined the role of ferret primary auditory cortex in both spatial and nonspatial hearing by reversibly inactivating the middle ectosylvian gyrus during behavior using cooling (
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Animals ; Female ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Ferrets/physiology ; Channelrhodopsins/genetics ; Acoustic Stimulation ; Sound Localization/physiology ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Hearing
Chemische Substanzen	Channelrhodopsins
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-01-05
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1426-22.2022
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Preoperative central corneal thickness in eyes with pediatric cataract versus normal fellow eyes.

Wood, Katherine S / Ye, Emily / Trivedi, Rupal H / Wilson, M Edward

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

2023 Band 27, Heft 2, Seite(n) 87.e1–87.e4

Abstract: Purpose: To compare the preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) in eyes with unilateral cataract with their normal fellow eyes in the pediatric population.: Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted using the STORM Kids cataract ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To compare the preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) in eyes with unilateral cataract with their normal fellow eyes in the pediatric population. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted using the STORM Kids cataract database. Eyes with traumatic cataract, previous surgery or therapeutic manipulation, or age >18 years were excluded. Only eyes with a normal fellow eye were included. The intraocular pressure, age at time of surgery, race, sex, and type of cataract were also extracted from the record. Results: A total of 70 eyes with unilateral cataract and 70 fellow normal eyes met inclusion criteria. The mean age at the time of surgery was 3.35 years (range, 0.08-15.05). The mean preoperative CCT in the operated eyes was 577 ± 58 μm (range, 464-898 μm). The mean preoperative CCT in fellow eyes was 570 ± 35 μm (range, 485-643 μm). There was no statistically significant difference between the preoperative CCT in cataract eyes versus unaffected fellow eyes (P = 0.183). When stratified by age, the difference in the CCT between cataract and fellow eyes was greatest in the <1 year age group, but was not statistically significant (P = 0.236). The mean preoperative corneal diameter of operative eyes was 11.0 mm (range, 5.5-12.5 mm [n = 68]). The mean preoperative IOP was 15.1 mm Hg (n = 66). Conclusions: In our study cohort, there was no significant difference in mean preoperative CCT between unilateral pediatric cataract eyes and unaffected fellow eyes.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Child ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Cataract Extraction ; Retrospective Studies ; Cataract ; Cornea/surgery ; Tonometry, Ocular ; Intraocular Pressure
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-03-04
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1412476-2
ISSN	1528-3933 ; 1091-8531
ISSN (online)	1528-3933
ISSN	1091-8531
DOI	10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.01.013
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Tree seedling functional traits mediate plant-soil feedback survival responses across a gradient of light availability.

Wood, Katherine E A / Kobe, Richard K / Ibáñez, Inés / McCarthy-Neumann, Sarah

PloS one

2023 Band 18, Heft 11, Seite(n) e0293906

Abstract: 1. Though not often examined together, both plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) and functional traits have important influences on plant community dynamics and could interact. For example, seedling functional traits could impact seedling survivorship responses ... ...

Abstract	1. Though not often examined together, both plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) and functional traits have important influences on plant community dynamics and could interact. For example, seedling functional traits could impact seedling survivorship responses to soils cultured by conspecific versus heterospecific adults. Furthermore, levels of functional traits could vary with soil culturing source. In addition, these relationships might shift with light availability, which can affect trait values, microbe abundance, and whether mycorrhizal colonization is mutualistic or parasitic to seedlings. 2. To determine the extent to which functional traits mediate PSFs via seedling survival, we conducted a field experiment. We planted seedlings of four temperate tree species across a gradient of light availability and into soil cores collected beneath conspecific (sterilized and live) and heterospecific adults. We monitored seedling survival twice per week over one growing season, and we randomly selected subsets of seedlings to measure mycorrhizal colonization and phenolics, lignin, and NSC levels at three weeks. 3. Though evidence for PSFs was limited, Acer saccharum seedlings exhibited positive PSFs (i.e., higher survival in conspecific than heterospecific soils). In addition, soil microbes had a negative effect on A. saccharum and Prunus serotina seedling survival, with reduced survival in live versus sterilized conspecific soil. In general, we found higher trait values (measured amounts of a given trait) in conspecific than heterospecific soils and higher light availability. Additionally, A. saccharum survival increased with higher levels of phenolics, which were higher in conspecific soils and high light. Quercus alba survival decreased with higher AMF colonization. 4. We demonstrate that functional trait values in seedlings as young as three weeks vary in response to soil source and light availability. Moreover, seedling survivorship was associated with trait values for two species, despite both drought and heavy rainfall during the growing season that may have obscured survivorship-trait relationships. These results suggest that seedling traits could have an important role in mediating the effects of local soil source and light levels on seedling survivorship and thus plant traits could have an important role in PSFs.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Trees ; Seedlings ; Soil ; Feedback ; Plants ; Mycorrhizae
Chemische Substanzen	Soil
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-11-27
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0293906
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Now or never: noticing occurs early in sustained inattentional blindness.

Wood, Katherine / Simons, Daniel J

Royal Society open science

2019 Band 6, Heft 11, Seite(n) 191333

Abstract: People can show sustained inattentional blindness for unexpected objects visible for seconds or even minutes. Would such objects eventually be noticed given enough time, with the likelihood of noticing accumulating while the unexpected object is visible? ...

Abstract	People can show sustained inattentional blindness for unexpected objects visible for seconds or even minutes. Would such objects eventually be noticed given enough time, with the likelihood of noticing accumulating while the unexpected object is visible? Or, is there a narrow window around onset or offset when an object is most likely to be detected, with the chances of noticing dropping outside of that window? Across three experiments (total
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2019-11-20
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2787755-3
ISSN	2054-5703
ISSN	2054-5703
DOI	10.1098/rsos.191333
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: The spatial allocation of attention in an interactive environment.

Wood, Katherine / Simons, Daniel J

Cognitive research: principles and implications

2019 Band 4, Heft 1, Seite(n) 13

Abstract: Inattentional blindness methods allow for an unobtrusive measure of the spatial distribution of attention; because subjects do not expect the critical object, they have no reason to devote attention to task-irrelevant regions in anticipation of it. We ... ...

Abstract	Inattentional blindness methods allow for an unobtrusive measure of the spatial distribution of attention; because subjects do not expect the critical object, they have no reason to devote attention to task-irrelevant regions in anticipation of it. We used inattentional blindness to examine the spatial allocation of attention in an interactive game in which subjects navigated through a dynamic environment and avoided hazards. Subjects were most likely to notice unexpected objects in the areas with the greatest risk of contact with a hazard, and less likely to notice equally proximal objects in inaccessible areas of the display or areas in which hazards no longer posed a threat. These results suggest that both the content of the environment and how a subject can interact with it influence the spatial allocation of attention.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2019-04-17
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2365-7464
ISSN (online)	2365-7464
DOI	10.1186/s41235-019-0164-5
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Children's ability to edit their memories when learning about the environment from credible and noncredible websites.

Roberts, Kim P / Wood, Katherine R / Wylie, Breanne E

Cognitive research: principles and implications

2021 Band 6, Heft 1, Seite(n) 42

Abstract: One of the many sources of information easily available to children is the internet and the millions of websites providing accurate, and sometimes inaccurate, information. In the current investigation, we examined children's ability to use credibility ... ...

Abstract	One of the many sources of information easily available to children is the internet and the millions of websites providing accurate, and sometimes inaccurate, information. In the current investigation, we examined children's ability to use credibility information about websites when learning about environmental sustainability. In two studies, children studied two different websites and were tested on what they had learned a week later using a multiple-choice test containing both website items and new distracters. Children were given either no information about the websites or were told that one of the websites (the noncredible website) contained errors and they should not use any information from that website to answer the test. In both studies, children aged 7- to 9-years reported information from the noncredible website even when instructed not to, whereas the 10- to 12-year-olds used the credibility warning to 'edit out' information that they had learned from the noncredible website. In Study 2, there was an indication that the older children spontaneously assessed the credibility of the website if credibility markers were made explicit. A plausible explanation is that, although children remembered information from the websites, they needed explicit instruction to bind the website content with the relevant source (the individual websites). The results have implications for children's learning in an open-access, digital age where information comes from many sources, credible and noncredible. Education in credibility evaluation may enable children to be critical consumers of information thereby resisting misinformation provided through public sources.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Internet ; Memory
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-05-29
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2365-7464
ISSN (online)	2365-7464
DOI	10.1186/s41235-021-00305-1
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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