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Article: Can drones count gulls? Minimal disturbance and semiautomated image processing with an unmanned aerial vehicle for colony-nesting seabirds.

Rush, Graham P / Clarke, Lucy E / Stone, Meg / Wood, Matt J

2018 Volume 8, Issue 24, Page(s) 12322–12334

Abstract: Accurate counts of wild populations are essential to monitor change through time, but some techniques demand specialist surveyors and may result in unacceptable disturbance or inaccurate counts. Recent technological developments in unmanned aerial ... ...

Abstract	Accurate counts of wild populations are essential to monitor change through time, but some techniques demand specialist surveyors and may result in unacceptable disturbance or inaccurate counts. Recent technological developments in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer great potential for a range of survey and monitoring approaches. They literally offer a bird's-eye view, but this increased power of observation presents the challenge of translating large amounts of imagery into accurate survey data. Seabirds, in particular, present the particular challenges of nesting in large, often inaccessible colonies that are difficult to view for ground observers, which are commonly susceptible to disturbance. We develop a protocol for carrying out UAV surveys of a breeding seabird colony (Lesser Black-backed Gulls,
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.4495
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Sampling strategies for species with high breeding-site fidelity: A case study in burrow-nesting seabirds.

Arneill, Gavin E / Perrins, Christopher M / Wood, Matt J / Murphy, David / Pisani, Luca / Jessopp, Mark J / Quinn, John L

PloS one

2019 Volume 14, Issue 8, Page(s) e0221625

Abstract: Sampling approaches used to census and monitor populations of flora and fauna are diverse, ranging from simple random sampling to complex hierarchal stratified designs. Usually the approach taken is determined by the spatial and temporal distribution of ... ...

Abstract	Sampling approaches used to census and monitor populations of flora and fauna are diverse, ranging from simple random sampling to complex hierarchal stratified designs. Usually the approach taken is determined by the spatial and temporal distribution of the study population, along with other characteristics of the focal species. Long-term monitoring programs used to assess seabird population trends are facilitated by their high site fidelity, but are often hampered by large and difficult to access colonies, with highly variable densities that require intensive survey. We aimed to determine the sampling effort required to (a) estimate population size with a high degree of confidence, and (b) detect different scenarios of population change in a regionally important species in the Atlantic, the Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus). Analyses were carried out using data collected from tape-playback surveys on four islands in the North Atlantic. To explore how sampling effort influenced confidence around abundance estimates, we used the heuristic approach of imagining the areas sampled represented the total population, and bootstrapped varying proportions of subsamples. This revealed that abundance estimates vary dramatically when less than half of all plots (n dependent on the size of the site) is randomly subsampled, leading to an unacceptable lack of confidence in population estimates. Confidence is substantially improved using a multi-stage stratified approach based on previous information on distribution in the colonies. In reality, this could lead to reducing the number of plots required by up to 80%. Furthermore, power analyses suggested that random selection of monitoring plots using a matched pairs approach generates little power to detect overall population changes of 10%, and density-dependent changes as large as 50%, because variation in density between plots is so high. Current monitoring programs have a high probability of failing to detect population-level changes due to inappropriate sampling efforts. Focusing sampling in areas of high density with low plot to plot variance dramatically increases the power to detect year to year population change, albeit at the risk of not detecting increases in low density areas, which may be an unavoidable strategy when resources are limited. We discuss how challenging populations with similar features to seabirds might be censused and monitored most effectively.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Birds/physiology ; Breeding ; Geography ; Ireland ; Nesting Behavior/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Species Specificity ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Wales
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0221625
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Article ; Online: Terrestrial emigration behaviour of two invasive crayfish species.

Thomas, John Rhidian / Masefield, Stephanie / Hunt, Rhiannon / Wood, Matt J / Hart, Adam G / Hallam, Jane / Griffiths, Siân W / Cable, Jo

Behavioural processes

2019 Volume 167, Page(s) 103917

Abstract: To disperse between isolated waterbodies, freshwater organisms must often cross terrestrial barriers and many freshwater animals that are incapable of flight must rely on transport via flooding events, other animals or anthropogenic activity. Decapods ... ...

Abstract	To disperse between isolated waterbodies, freshwater organisms must often cross terrestrial barriers and many freshwater animals that are incapable of flight must rely on transport via flooding events, other animals or anthropogenic activity. Decapods such as crayfish, on the other hand, can disperse to nearby waterbodies by walking on land, a behaviour that has facilitated the spread of invasive species. Overland movement could play a key role in the management of non-native crayfish, though to what extent terrestrial emigration occurs in different species is poorly understood. Here, we directly compared the terrestrial emigration tendency of two non-native crayfish species in Great Britain; red swamp (Procambarus clarkii) and signal (Pacifastacus leniusculus) crayfish. We found that both species emigrated from the water and that there was no significant difference in terms of their terrestrial emigration tendency, suggesting that there is a risk both of these species will migrate overland and disperse to new habitats. This study shows that terrestrial emigration is an important behavioural trait to consider when preventing the escape of crayfish from aquaculture and further spread of invasive species.
MeSH term(s)	Animal Migration/physiology ; Animals ; Aquaculture ; Astacoidea ; Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Introduced Species
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	196999-7
ISSN	1872-8308 ; 0376-6357
ISSN (online)	1872-8308
ISSN	0376-6357
DOI	10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103917
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Article ; Online: Avoidance of different durations, colours and intensities of artificial light by adult seabirds.

Syposz, Martyna / Padget, Oliver / Willis, Jay / Van Doren, Benjamin M / Gillies, Natasha / Fayet, Annette L / Wood, Matt J / Alejo, Aarón / Guilford, Tim

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 18941

Abstract: There is increasing evidence for impacts of light pollution on the physiology and behaviour of wild animals. Nocturnally active Procellariiform seabirds are often found grounded in areas polluted by light and struggle to take to the air again without ... ...

Abstract	There is increasing evidence for impacts of light pollution on the physiology and behaviour of wild animals. Nocturnally active Procellariiform seabirds are often found grounded in areas polluted by light and struggle to take to the air again without human intervention. Hence, understanding their responses to different wavelengths and intensities of light is urgently needed to inform mitigation measures. Here, we demonstrate how different light characteristics can affect the nocturnal flight of Manx shearwaters Puffinus puffinus by experimentally introducing lights at a colony subject to low levels of light pollution due to passing ships and coastal developments. The density of birds in flight above the colony was measured using a thermal imaging camera. We compared number of flying shearwaters under dark conditions and in response to an artificially introduced light, and observed fewer birds in flight during 'light-on' periods, suggesting that adult shearwaters were repelled by the light. This effect was stronger with higher light intensity, increasing duration of 'light-on' periods and with green and blue compared to red light. Thus, we recommend lower light intensity, red colour, and shorter duration of 'light-on' periods as mitigation measures to reduce the effects of light at breeding colonies and in their vicinity.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Birds/physiology ; Color ; Flight, Animal/physiology ; Light Pollution/adverse effects ; Lightning ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-97986-x
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Article: Terrestrial emigration behaviour of two invasive crayfish species

Thomas, John Rhidian / Masefield, Stephanie / Hunt, Rhiannon / Wood, Matt J / Hart, Adam G / Hallam, Jane / Griffiths, Siân W / Cable, Jo

Behavioural processes. 2019 Oct., v. 167

2019

Abstract	To disperse between isolated waterbodies, freshwater organisms must often cross terrestrial barriers and many freshwater animals that are incapable of flight must rely on transport via flooding events, other animals or anthropogenic activity. Decapods such as crayfish, on the other hand, can disperse to nearby waterbodies by walking on land, a behaviour that has facilitated the spread of invasive species. Overland movement could play a key role in the management of non-native crayfish, though to what extent terrestrial emigration occurs in different species is poorly understood. Here, we directly compared the terrestrial emigration tendency of two non-native crayfish species in Great Britain; red swamp (Procambarus clarkii) and signal (Pacifastacus leniusculus) crayfish. We found that both species emigrated from the water and that there was no significant difference in terms of their terrestrial emigration tendency, suggesting that there is a risk both of these species will migrate overland and disperse to new habitats. This study shows that terrestrial emigration is an important behavioural trait to consider when preventing the escape of crayfish from aquaculture and further spread of invasive species.
Keywords	Pacifastacus leniusculus ; Procambarus clarkii ; anthropogenic activities ; aquaculture ; crayfish ; freshwater ; habitats ; invasive species ; risk ; surface water ; swamps ; walking ; Great Britain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-10
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	196999-7
ISSN	1872-8308 ; 0376-6357
ISSN (online)	1872-8308
ISSN	0376-6357
DOI	10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103917
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Demographic profiles and environmental drivers of variation relate to individual breeding state in a long-lived trans-oceanic migratory seabird, the Manx shearwater.

Wood, Matt J / Canonne, Coline / Besnard, Aurélien / Lachish, Shelly / Fairhurst, Stace M / Liedvogel, Miriam / Boyle, Dave / Patrick, Samantha C / Josey, Simon / Kirk, Holly / Dean, Ben / Guilford, Tim / McCleery, Robin M / Perrins, Chris M / Horswill, Cat

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 12, Page(s) e0260812

Abstract: Understanding the points in a species breeding cycle when they are most vulnerable to environmental fluctuations is key to understanding interannual demography and guiding effective conservation and management. Seabirds represent one of the most ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the points in a species breeding cycle when they are most vulnerable to environmental fluctuations is key to understanding interannual demography and guiding effective conservation and management. Seabirds represent one of the most threatened groups of birds in the world, and climate change and severe weather is a prominent and increasing threat to this group. We used a multi-state capture-recapture model to examine how the demographic rates of a long-lived trans-oceanic migrant seabird, the Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus, are influenced by environmental conditions experienced at different stages of the annual breeding cycle and whether these relationships vary with an individual's breeding state in the previous year (i.e., successful breeder, failed breeder and non-breeder). Our results imply that populations of Manx shearwaters are comprised of individuals with different demographic profiles, whereby more successful reproduction is associated with higher rates of survival and breeding propensity. However, we found that all birds experienced the same negative relationship between rates of survival and wind force during the breeding season, indicating a cost of reproduction (or central place constraint for non-breeders) during years with severe weather conditions. We also found that environmental effects differentially influence the breeding propensity of individuals in different breeding states. This suggests individual spatio-temporal variation in habitat use during the annual cycle, such that climate change could alter the frequency that individuals with different demographic profiles breed thereby driving a complex and less predictable population response. More broadly, our study highlights the importance of considering individual-level factors when examining population demography and predicting how species may respond to climate change.
MeSH term(s)	Animal Migration/physiology ; Animals ; Birds ; Breeding ; Climate Change ; Demography/statistics & numerical data ; Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; Reproduction ; Seasons
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0260812
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Exploring the prevalence and diversity of pollen carried by four species of migratory Old World warbler (Sylvioidea) on arrival in the UK

Wood, Matt J / Morgan, Peter J / Webb, Julia C / Goodenough, Anne E / Chambers, Frank M / Hart, Adam G

Bird study. 2014 July 3, v. 61, no. 3

2014

Abstract: Capsule Pollen encrusted around the bill of migrating warblers can reveal marked differences in foraging ecology between bird species. Aims To examine patterns of the prevalence and diversity of pollen in four species of warbler, and explore the ... ...

Abstract	Capsule Pollen encrusted around the bill of migrating warblers can reveal marked differences in foraging ecology between bird species. Aims To examine patterns of the prevalence and diversity of pollen in four species of warbler, and explore the potential of pollen to act as an indicator of recent foraging behaviour. Methods By isolating pollen from bill encrustations using laboratory palynological techniques and identification by light microscopy, we examined variation in the prevalence of the five most common pollen taxa, and variation in pollen assemblages in four species of warbler arriving on the south coast of England. Results All samples contained abundant pollen, with 19 floral taxa identified. Sylvia warblers tended to carry Prunus and Citrus pollen, while Phylloscopus warblers mainly carried Eucalyptus pollen. Pollen assemblages varied markedly between bird species. Conclusion Commercial and garden flowering trees are an important resource for migrating warblers. Pollen may be such a valuable resource that flowering plants might be included in the conservation management of stopover sites. The use of pollen to resolve migratory routes may be problematic however, requiring detailed knowledge of both the distribution and flowering phenology of plants en route .
Keywords	Citrus ; Eucalyptus ; Prunus ; Sylvia ; birds ; coasts ; flowering ; foraging ; gardens ; light microscopy ; migratory behavior ; palynology ; phenology ; pollen ; trees ; England
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-0703
Size	p. 361-370.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ISSN	1944-6705
DOI	10.1080/00063657.2014.938017
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Quantifying the robustness of first arrival dates as a measure of avian migratory phenology

Goodenough, Anne E / Fairhurst, Stacey M / Morrison, Julia B / Cade, Martin / Morgan, Peter J / Wood, Matt J / Bauer, Silke

Ibis. 2015 Apr., v. 157, no. 2

2015

Abstract: As the climate changes, many long‐term studies have shown that the timing of bird migration is shifting, increasing the need for reliable measures of migratory phenology. Ideally, daily counts of birds at a site are used to calculate the mean arrival ... ...

Abstract	As the climate changes, many long‐term studies have shown that the timing of bird migration is shifting, increasing the need for reliable measures of migratory phenology. Ideally, daily counts of birds at a site are used to calculate the mean arrival date (MAD) but, as this approach is not always possible and is very labour‐intensive, simpler metrics such as first arrival date (FAD) have commonly been used. Here, we examine the relationship between FAD and MAD in 28 summer migrant bird species over a 42‐year period (1970–2011) at Portland Bird Observatory, UK. Although significant correlations between FAD and MAD were detected, relationships were weak, particularly in long‐distance migrants. We suggest that FAD, although a simple and straightforward measure, is not particularly robust as a proxy for overall migratory phenology at a population level.
Keywords	birds ; climate change ; migratory behavior ; phenology ; summer ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-04
Size	p. 384-390.
Publishing place	Published for the British Ornithologists' Union by Academic Press.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2071870-6
ISSN	1474-919X ; 0019-1019
ISSN (online)	1474-919X
ISSN	0019-1019
DOI	10.1111/ibi.12227
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The epidemiology underlying age‐related avian malaria infection in a long‐lived host: the mute swan Cygnus olor

Wood, Matt J / Childs, Dylan Z / Davies, Alicia S / Hellgren, Olof / Cornwallis, Charlie K / Perrins, Chris M / Sheldon, Ben C

Journal of avian biology. 2013 July, v. 44, no. 4

2013

Abstract: Quantifying the factors that predict parasite outbreak and persistence is a major challenge for both applied and fundamental biology. Key to understanding parasite prevalence and disease outbreaks is determining at what age individuals show signs of ... ...

Abstract	Quantifying the factors that predict parasite outbreak and persistence is a major challenge for both applied and fundamental biology. Key to understanding parasite prevalence and disease outbreaks is determining at what age individuals show signs of infection, and whether or not they recover. Age‐dependent patterns of the infection of a host population by parasites can indicate among‐individual heterogeneities in their susceptibility to, or rate of recovery from, parasite infections. Here, we present a cross‐sectional study of avian malaria in a long‐lived bird species, the mute swan Cygnus olor, examining age‐related patterns of parasite prevalence and modelling patterns of infection and recovery. One‐hundred and fifteen swans, ranging from one to nineteen years old, were screened for infection with Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon parasites. Infections with three cytochrome‐b lineages of Haemoproteus were found (pooled prevalence 67%), namely WW1 (26%), which is common in passerine birds, and two new lineages closely related to WW1: MUTSW1 (25%) and MUTSW2 (16%). We found evidence for age‐related infection in one lineage, MUTSW1. Catalytic models examining patterns of infection and recovery in the population suggested that infections in this population were not life‐long – recovery of individuals was included in the best fitting models. These findings support the results of recent studies that suggest hosts can clear infections, although patterns of infection‐related mortality in older birds remain to be studied in more detail.
Keywords	Cygnus olor ; Haemoproteus ; Leucocytozoon ; Passeriformes ; Plasmodium ; avian malaria ; disease outbreaks ; disease prevalence ; hosts ; models ; mortality ; parasites ; swans
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-07
Size	p. 347-358.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2028018-X
ISSN	1600-048X ; 0908-8857
ISSN (online)	1600-048X
ISSN	0908-8857
DOI	10.1111/j.1600-048X.2013.00091.x
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Article: Discovery, optimisation and in vivo evaluation of novel GPR119 agonists

Brocklehurst, Katy J / Broo, Anders / Butlin, Roger J / Brown, Hayley S / Clarke, David S / Davidsson, Öjvind / Goldberg, Kristin / Groombridge, Sam D / Kelly, Elizabeth E / Leach, Andrew / McKerrecher, Darren / O’Donnell, Charles / Poucher, Simon / Schofield, Paul / Scott, James S / Teague, Joanne / Westgate, Leanne / Wood, Matt J.M

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2011 Dec. 15, v. 21, no. 24

2011

Abstract: GPR119 is increasingly seen as an attractive target for the treatment of type II diabetes and other elements of the metabolic syndrome. During a programme aimed at developing agonists of the GPR119 receptor, we identified compounds that were potent with ... ...

Abstract	GPR119 is increasingly seen as an attractive target for the treatment of type II diabetes and other elements of the metabolic syndrome. During a programme aimed at developing agonists of the GPR119 receptor, we identified compounds that were potent with reduced hERG liabilities, that had good pharmacokinetic properties and that displayed excellent glucose-lowering effects in vivo. However, further profiling in a GPR119 knock-out (KO) mouse model revealed that the biological effects were not exclusively due to GPR119 agonism, highlighting the value of transgenic animals in drug discovery programs.
Keywords	agonists ; animal models ; drugs ; glycemic effect ; in vivo studies ; metabolic syndrome ; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; pharmacokinetics ; transgenic animals
Language	English
Dates of publication	2011-1215
Size	p. 7310-7316.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1063195-1
ISSN	1464-3405 ; 0960-894X
ISSN (online)	1464-3405
ISSN	0960-894X
DOI	10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.033
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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