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  1. Book: Epidemiology

    Woodward, Mark

    study design and data analysis

    (Texts in statistical science)

    2014  

    Author's details Mark Woodward
    Series title Texts in statistical science
    Keywords Epidemiologic Methods ; Data Interpretation, Statistical
    Language English
    Size XXII, 832 S. : graph. Darst.
    Edition 3. ed.
    Publisher CRC Press
    Publishing place Boca Raton u.a
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT017702626
    ISBN 978-1-4398-3970-6 ; 1-4398-3970-0
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2014 A 889 available for loan (reading room) Lesesaal EG

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  2. Article ; Online: Gender diversity of clinical practice guideline panels in Australia: important opportunities for progress.

    Carcel, Cheryl / Woodward, Mark

    The Medical journal of Australia

    2023  Volume 218, Issue 2, Page(s) 73–74

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Australia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-10
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 186082-3
    ISSN 1326-5377 ; 0025-729X
    ISSN (online) 1326-5377
    ISSN 0025-729X
    DOI 10.5694/mja2.51832
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  3. Article ; Online: A roadmap for sex- and gender-disaggregated health research.

    Peters, Sanne A E / Woodward, Mark

    BMC medicine

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 354

    Abstract: Sex and gender are fundamental aspects of health and wellbeing. Yet many research studies fail to consider sex or gender differences, and even when they do this is often limited to merely cataloguing such differences in the makeup of study populations. ... ...

    Abstract Sex and gender are fundamental aspects of health and wellbeing. Yet many research studies fail to consider sex or gender differences, and even when they do this is often limited to merely cataloguing such differences in the makeup of study populations. The evidence on sex and gender differences is thus incomplete in most areas of medicine. This article presents a roadmap for the systematic conduct of sex- and gender-disaggregated health research. We distinguish three phases: the exploration of sex and gender differences in disease risk, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes; explaining any found differences by revealing the underlying mechanisms; and translation of the implications of such differences to policy and practice. For each phase, we provide critical methodological considerations and practical examples are provided, taken primarily from the field of cardiovascular disease. We also discuss key overarching themes and terminology that are at the essence of any study evaluating the relevance of sex and gender in health. Here, we limit ourselves to binary sex and gender in order to produce a coherent, succinct narrative. Further disaggregation by sex and gender separately and which recognises intersex, non-binary, and gender-diverse identities, as well as other aspects of intersectionality, can build on this basic minimum level of disaggregation. We envision that uptake of this roadmap, together with wider policy and educational activities, will aid researchers to systematically explore and explain relevant sex and gender differences in health and will aid educators, clinicians, and policymakers to translate the outcomes of research in the most effective and meaningful way, for the benefit of all.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Male ; Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy ; Medicine ; Policy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2131669-7
    ISSN 1741-7015 ; 1741-7015
    ISSN (online) 1741-7015
    ISSN 1741-7015
    DOI 10.1186/s12916-023-03060-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Cardiovascular Disease and the Female Disadvantage.

    Woodward, Mark

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2019  Volume 16, Issue 7

    Abstract: Age-standardised rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are substantially higher in men than women. This explains why CVD has traditionally been seen as a "man's problem". However, CVD is the leading cause of death in women, worldwide, and is one of the ... ...

    Abstract Age-standardised rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are substantially higher in men than women. This explains why CVD has traditionally been seen as a "man's problem". However, CVD is the leading cause of death in women, worldwide, and is one of the most common causes of disability-adjusted life-years lost. In general, this is under-recognised and, in several ways, women are disadvantaged in terms of CVD. Both in primary and secondary prevention, there is evidence that women are undertreated, compared to men. Women often experience heart disease in a different way compared to men, and lack of recognition of this has been shown to have adverse consequences. Female patients of male cardiac physicians have been found to have worse outcomes than their male counterparts, with no such gender differential for female cardiologists. Clinical trials in CVD primarily recruit male patients, yet, it is well recognised that some drugs act differently in women and men. Diabetes and smoking, and perhaps other risk factors, confer a greater proportional excess cardiovascular risk to women than to men, whilst adverse pregnancies and factors concerned with the female reproductive cycle give women added vulnerability to CVD. However, women's health research is skewed towards mother and child health, an area where, arguably, the greatest public health gains have already been made, and breast cancer. Hence there is a need to redefine what is meant by "women's health" to encompass the whole lifecycle, with a stronger emphasis on CVD and other non-communicable diseases. Sex-specific analyses of research data should be the norm, whenever feasible.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Risk Factors ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Factors ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Women's Health ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph16071165
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Rationale and tutorial for analysing and reporting sex differences in cardiovascular associations.

    Woodward, Mark

    Heart (British Cardiac Society)

    2019  Volume 105, Issue 22, Page(s) 1701–1708

    Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women and men. Yet biological and social factors differ between the sexes, while the importance of CVD in women may be underestimated due to the higher age-specific rates in men and the ... ...

    Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women and men. Yet biological and social factors differ between the sexes, while the importance of CVD in women may be underestimated due to the higher age-specific rates in men and the historical bias towards the male model of CVD. Consequently, sex differences in risk factor associations with CVD occur, but these are not always recognised. This article argues that sex disaggregation should be the norm in CVD research, for both humanitarian and clinical reasons. A tutorial on how to design and analyse sex comparisons is provided, including ways of reducing bias and increasing efficiency. This is presented both in the context of analysing individual participant data from a single study and a meta-analysis of sex-specific summary data. Worked examples are provided for both types of research. Fifteen key recommendations are included, which should be considered when undertaking sex comparisons of CVD associations. Paramount among these is the need to estimate sex differences, as ratios of relative risks or differences in risk differences, rather than merely test them for statistical significance. Conversely, when there is no evidence of statistical or clinical significance of a sex difference, the conclusions from the research should not be sex-specific.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality ; Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1303417-0
    ISSN 1468-201X ; 1355-6037
    ISSN (online) 1468-201X
    ISSN 1355-6037
    DOI 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315299
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ui IV Zs.40: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MO 112: Show issues

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  6. Book: Epidemiology

    Woodward, Mark

    study design and data analysis

    (Chapman & Hall, CRC texts in statistical science series)

    2005  

    Author's details Mark Woodward
    Series title Chapman & Hall, CRC texts in statistical science series
    Keywords Epidemiologic Methods ; Data Interpretation, Statistical
    Language English
    Size XXII, 849 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition 2. ed.
    Publisher Chapman & Hall, CRC
    Publishing place Boca Raton u.a
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT014399033
    ISBN 1-58488-415-0 ; 978-1-58488-415-6
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2005 A 3082 order for loan Magazin

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  7. Article ; Online: Elevated triglycerides and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are independently associated with the onset of advanced chronic kidney disease: a cohort study of 911,360 individuals from the United Kingdom.

    Weldegiorgis, Misghina / Woodward, Mark

    BMC nephrology

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 312

    Abstract: Background: Increased total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, are established risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Increased total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, are established risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; but their impact on the risk of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. This study evaluates the association between the different lipid profiles and the onset of advanced CKD using a general population sample.
    Methods: This observational study used records of 911,360 individuals from the English Clinical Practice Research Datalink (from 2000 to 2014), linked to coded hospital discharges and mortality registrations. Cox models were used to examine the independent association between the equal quarters of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C and the risk of advanced CKD, after adjustment for sex and age, and potential effect mediators.
    Results: During a median follow-up of 7.5 years, 11,825 individuals developed CKD stages 4-5. After adjustment for sex and age, the hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for CKD stages 4-5 comparing the 4th vs. 1st quarters of TG and 1st vs. 4th quarters of HDL-C were 2.69 (95% CI, 2.49-2.90) and 2.61 (95% CI, 2.42-2.80), respectively. Additional adjustment for potential effect mediators reduced the HRs to 1.28 (95% CI, 1.15-1.43), and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.14-1.41), respectively. There was no evidence of fully adjusted associations with CKD stages 4-5 for levels of either TC or LDL-C.
    Conclusions: Elevated TG and reduced HDL-C levels are independently associated with the onset of advanced CKD. Future studies, such as in basic science and randomized trials, are needed to understand whether associations between TG and HDL-C and the development of CKD are causal.
    MeSH term(s) Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology ; Triglycerides ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Triglycerides ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 2041348-8
    ISSN 1471-2369 ; 1471-2369
    ISSN (online) 1471-2369
    ISSN 1471-2369
    DOI 10.1186/s12882-022-02932-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Sex-Specific Differences in Cardiovascular Risk, Risk Factors and Risk Management in the Peripheral Arterial Disease Population.

    Pouncey, Anna Louise / Woodward, Mark

    Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 4

    Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in women worldwide but has been primarily recognised as a man's disease. The major components of CVD are ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Compared ... ...

    Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in women worldwide but has been primarily recognised as a man's disease. The major components of CVD are ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Compared with IHD or stroke, individuals with PAD are at significantly greater risk of major cardiovascular events. Despite this, they are less likely to receive preventative treatment than those with IHD. Women are at least as affected by PAD as men, but major sex-specific knowledge gaps exist in the understanding of relevant CVD risk factors and efficacy of treatment. This prompted the American Heart Association to issue a "call to action" for PAD in women, in 2012. Despite this, PAD and CVD risk in women continues to be under-recognised, leading to a loss of opportunity to moderate and prevent CVD morbidity. This review outlines current evidence regarding cardiovascular risk in women and men with PAD, the relative significance of traditional and non-traditional risk factors and sex differences in cardiovascular risk management.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2662336-5
    ISSN 2075-4418
    ISSN 2075-4418
    DOI 10.3390/diagnostics12040808
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Sex and gender matter in cardiovascular disease and beyond.

    Peters, Sanne A E / Woodward, Mark

    Heart (British Cardiac Society)

    2022  Volume 108, Issue 13, Page(s) 994–995

    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1303417-0
    ISSN 1468-201X ; 1355-6037
    ISSN (online) 1468-201X
    ISSN 1355-6037
    DOI 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320719
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MO 112: Show issues

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  10. Article ; Online: Correction: Elevated triglycerides and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are independently associated with the onset of advanced chronic kidney disease: a cohort study of 911,360 individuals from the United Kingdom.

    Weldegiorgis, Misghina / Woodward, Mark

    BMC nephrology

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 318

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2041348-8
    ISSN 1471-2369 ; 1471-2369
    ISSN (online) 1471-2369
    ISSN 1471-2369
    DOI 10.1186/s12882-022-02948-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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