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  1. Article: Acute appendicitis in the context of De Garengeot hernia: a case report.

    Shellman, Zachary / Worku, Dawit / Kulkarni, Nikhil

    Journal of surgical case reports

    2022  Volume 2022, Issue 7, Page(s) rjac189

    Abstract: De Garengeot hernia is a rare type of hernia so called when the vermiform appendix is found within the hernia sac of a femoral hernia. For the appendix to be inflamed is yet more uncommon. We present the case of a 61-year-old man who presented with a ... ...

    Abstract De Garengeot hernia is a rare type of hernia so called when the vermiform appendix is found within the hernia sac of a femoral hernia. For the appendix to be inflamed is yet more uncommon. We present the case of a 61-year-old man who presented with a painful right groin lump. Computed tomography imaging reported an inguinal hernia containing a non-inflamed appendix however, intraoperative findings confirmed a femoral hernia containing an appendix with a necrotic tip. As such, these cases prove a diagnostic challenge as not only are the clinical findings illusive, but the radiological findings are often misleading. Diagnosis is often intraoperative and case reports such as this are useful in highlighting this challenging pathology.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2580919-2
    ISSN 2042-8812
    ISSN 2042-8812
    DOI 10.1093/jscr/rjac189
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  2. Article ; Online: "Death audit is a fight" - provider perspectives on the ethics of the Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) system in Ethiopia.

    Cetin, Kaya / Worku, Dawit / Demtse, Asrat / Melberg, Andrea / Miljeteig, Ingrid

    BMC health services research

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 1214

    Abstract: Background: Maternal and neonatal health are regarded as important indicators of health in most countries. Death auditing through, for example, the Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) is viewed as key to preventing maternal ... ...

    Abstract Background: Maternal and neonatal health are regarded as important indicators of health in most countries. Death auditing through, for example, the Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) is viewed as key to preventing maternal and newborn mortality. However, little is known about the implications of implementing perinatal auditing for healthcare professionals in low-income contexts. This study aimed to explore the ethical and practical consequences clinicians experience concerning MPDSR reporting practices in Ethiopia.  METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured in-depth individual interviews were conducted with 16 healthcare workers across professions at selected facilities in Ethiopia. The interview questions were related to clinicians' experiences with, and perceptions of, death auditing. Their strategies for coping with newborn losses and the related reporting practices were also explored. The material was analyzed following systematic text condensation, and the NVivo11 software was used for organizing and coding the data material.
    Results: Participants experienced fear of punishment and blame in relation to the perinatal death auditing process. They found that auditing did not contribute to reducing perinatal deaths and that their motivation to stick to the obligation was negatively affected by this. Performing audits without available resources to provide optimal care or support in the current system was perceived as unfair. Some hid information or misreported information in order to avoid accusations of misconduct when they felt they were not to blame for the baby's death. Coping strategies such as engaging in exceedingly larger work efforts, overtreating patients, or avoiding complicated medical cases were described.
    Conclusions: Experiencing perinatal death and death reporting constitutes a double burden for the involved healthcare workers. The preventability of perinatal death is perceived as context-dependent, and both clinicians and the healthcare system would benefit from a safe and blame-free reporting environment. To support these healthcare workers in a challenging clinical reality, guidelines and action plans that are specific to the Ethiopian context are needed.
    MeSH term(s) Delivery of Health Care ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal Death/prevention & control ; Maternal Mortality ; Perinatal Death/prevention & control ; Pregnancy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050434-2
    ISSN 1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
    ISSN (online) 1472-6963
    ISSN 1472-6963
    DOI 10.1186/s12913-022-08568-0
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  3. Article ; Online: Concurrence of myotonic dystrophy and epilepsy: a case report.

    Worku, Dawit Kibru

    Journal of medical case reports

    2014  Volume 8, Page(s) 427

    Abstract: Introduction: Myotonic dystrophy is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous multisystem disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 8000 in the general population.: Case presentation: A 25-year-old Ethiopian man presented with symptoms of myotonia, muscle ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Myotonic dystrophy is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous multisystem disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 8000 in the general population.
    Case presentation: A 25-year-old Ethiopian man presented with symptoms of myotonia, muscle wasting, gait problems, frontal baldness, and family history characterizing the hereditary disorder myotonic dystrophy. He had been on treatment for idiopathic generalized epilepsy for over 15 years. A needle electromyography showed insertional classic myotonic discharges. A nerve conduction study showed mild axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy. His muscle biopsy showed marked increase of internalized nuclei, severely atrophic muscle fibers, muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration of isolated muscle fibers, architectural changes, and a preferential atrophy of type I fibers.
    Conclusion: This is a rare occurrence of two distinctive hereditary diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use ; Electromyography ; Epilepsy/complications ; Epilepsy/congenital ; Epilepsy/diagnosis ; Epilepsy/drug therapy ; Ethiopia ; Humans ; Male ; Myotonic Dystrophy/complications ; Myotonic Dystrophy/diagnosis ; Myotonic Dystrophy/genetics ; Phenytoin/therapeutic use ; Pneumonia/diagnosis ; Pneumonia/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anticonvulsants ; Phenytoin (6158TKW0C5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2269805-X
    ISSN 1752-1947 ; 1752-1947
    ISSN (online) 1752-1947
    ISSN 1752-1947
    DOI 10.1186/1752-1947-8-427
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  4. Article: Prevalence of cytopenias in both HAART and HAART naïve HIV infected adult patients in Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.

    Fekene, Tamirat Edie / Juhar, Leja Hamza / Mengesha, Chernet Hailu / Worku, Dawit Kibru

    BMC hematology

    2018  Volume 18, Page(s) 8

    Abstract: Background: In individuals infected with HIV, hematological abnormalities are common and are associated with increased risk of disease progression and death. However, the profile of hematological abnormalities in HIV infected adult patients is not known ...

    Abstract Background: In individuals infected with HIV, hematological abnormalities are common and are associated with increased risk of disease progression and death. However, the profile of hematological abnormalities in HIV infected adult patients is not known in Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the hematological manifestations of HIV infection and to identify the factors associated with cytopenias in both HAART and HAART naïve HIV infected adult patients in Ethiopia.
    Method: We conducted a cross-sectional quantitative study of HIV-infected adult patients attending the ART follow-up clinic of Jimma University Specialized Hospital in Jimma, Ethiopia, from July 2012 to September 2012. We used a structured questionnaire to collect socio-demographic and clinical information. After interviewing, 4 ml of venous blood was drawn from each study subject for hematologic and immunologic parameters.
    Result: The prevalence of anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia among the study individuals were 51.5%, 13%, 11.1% and 5% respectively. Presence of opportunistic infection (
    Conclusion: Hematologic abnormalities were common in HIV infected adult patients. Of the cytopenias anemia was the most common. Use of CPT was independently associated with increased risk of anemia and leucopenia. Therefore, large scale and longitudinal studies, giving emphasis on the association of CPT and cytopenia, are recommended to strengthen and explore the problem in depth.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2744433-8
    ISSN 2052-1839
    ISSN 2052-1839
    DOI 10.1186/s12878-018-0102-7
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  5. Article ; Online: Improving access to safe, quality surgical care for gynecologic cancers through capacity-building interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review.

    Hill, Sarah K / Bempong-Ahun, Nefti / Okolo, Isioma Dianne / Lalla, Amber Trujillo / Worku, Dawit / Asres, Tadios / Philpotts, Lisa / Fallah, Parisa N / Varallo, John / Corlew, Scott / Kamfwa, Paul / Parham, Groesbeck P / Hicks, Michael L / Ibbotson, Geoffrey / Randall, Thomas

    International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics

    2023  Volume 165, Issue 2, Page(s) 552–561

    Abstract: Background: Following the launch of the World Health Organization's Strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer, diagnosis is expected to increase, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A well-integrated surgical system ... ...

    Abstract Background: Following the launch of the World Health Organization's Strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer, diagnosis is expected to increase, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A well-integrated surgical system is critical to treat cervical cancer. Two major approaches have been employed to build human capacity: task-sharing and training of gynecologic oncologists (GynOncs).
    Objectives: This review aimed to explore existing literature on capacity-building for surgical management of early-stage gynecologic cancers.
    Search strategy: The search strategy was registered on Open Science Framework (doi 10.17605/OSF.IO/GTRCB) and conducted on OVID Medline, Embase, Global Index Medicus, and Web of Science. Search results were exported and screened in COVIDENCE.
    Selection criteria: Studies published in English, Spanish, French, and/or Portuguese conducted in LMIC settings evaluating capacity building, task-sharing, or outcomes following operation by subspecialists compared to specialists were included.
    Data collection and analysis: Results were synthesized using narrative synthesis approach with emergence of key themes by frequency.
    Main results: The scoping review identified 18 studies spanning our themes of interest: capacity building, subspecialized versus non-subspecialized care, and task-shifting/-sharing.
    Conclusions: A multilayered approach is critical to achieve the WHO Strategy to Eliminate Cervical Cancer. Capacity-building and task-sharing programs demonstrate encouraging results to meet this need; nevertheless, a standardized methodology is needed to evaluate these programs, their outcomes, and cost-effectiveness.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Developing Countries ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery ; Capacity Building ; Quality of Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80149-5
    ISSN 1879-3479 ; 0020-7292
    ISSN (online) 1879-3479
    ISSN 0020-7292
    DOI 10.1002/ijgo.15156
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  6. Article ; Online: The burden of headache disorders in Ethiopia: national estimates from a population-based door-to-door survey.

    Zebenigus, Mehila / Tekle-Haimanot, Redda / Worku, Dawit K / Thomas, Hallie / Steiner, Timothy J

    The journal of headache and pain

    2017  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 58

    Abstract: Background: Headache disorders are the third-highest cause of disability worldwide, with migraine and medication-overuse headache (MOH) the major contributors. In Ethiopia we have shown these disorders to be highly prevalent: migraine 17.7%, TTH 20.6%, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Headache disorders are the third-highest cause of disability worldwide, with migraine and medication-overuse headache (MOH) the major contributors. In Ethiopia we have shown these disorders to be highly prevalent: migraine 17.7%, TTH 20.6%, probable MOH (pMOH) 0.7%, any headache yesterday (HY) 6.4%. To inform local health policy, we now estimate disability and other burdens attributable to headache in this country.
    Methods: In a cross-sectional survey using cluster-randomized sampling, we visited households unannounced in four diverse regions (urban and rural) of Ethiopia. We interviewed one member (18-65 years old) of each household using the HARDSHIP structured questionnaire. Screening and diagnostic questions based on ICHD-II were followed by burden enquiry in multiple domains. We estimated disability using disability weights (DWs) from the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study.
    Results: We interviewed 2385 participants (1064 [44.7%] male, 596 [25.0%] urban; participating proportion 99.8%). Reported mean intensity of migraine was 2.6 (scale 1-3). People with migraine spent 11.7% of their time in the ictal state (DW: 0.441); they were therefore 5.2% disabled overall. Pain and disability from TTH were much lower. Mean intensity of pMOH was 2.95. People with pMOH spent 60.2% of time with headache (DW: 0.223), and were 13.4% disabled. Average proportions of per-person lost productive time were, for migraine, 4.5% from paid work, 5.3% from household work; for pMOH they were 29.2% and 16.0%. There were highly-disabled minorities, and large gender differences, males losing more paid workdays, females more household workdays. All headache types were associated with impairments in quality of life. Across the population aged 18-65 years (effectively the working population), disability from headache was 1.4%, with 1.6% of workdays lost (half from migraine). Estimates from HY, eliminating recall error, were highly compatible.
    Conclusions: Ethiopia is a low-income country, and cannot afford these losses - including, perhaps, 1.6% of GDP. Political action is necessary, aimed at mitigating both the economic burden and the associated ill health. WHO has recommended structured headache services with their basis in primary care as the most efficient, effective, affordable and equitable solution, potentially cost-saving. We believe they can be implemented within Ethiopia's existing health-care infrastructure.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cost of Illness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Female ; Headache Disorders/economics ; Headache Disorders/epidemiology ; Headache Disorders/therapy ; Health Policy/economics ; Health Policy/trends ; Health Surveys/methods ; Health Surveys/trends ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain/economics ; Pain/epidemiology ; Population Surveillance/methods ; Quality of Life ; Random Allocation ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population/trends ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2036768-5
    ISSN 1129-2377 ; 1129-2369
    ISSN (online) 1129-2377
    ISSN 1129-2369
    DOI 10.1186/s10194-017-0765-7
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  7. Article ; Online: Office Based Endovenous Radiofrequency Ablation of Truncal Veins: A Case for Moving Varicose Vein Treatment out of Operating Theatres.

    Somasundaram, Santosh K / Weerasekera, Amila / Worku, Dawit / Balasubramanian, Rajesh K / Lister, David / Valenti, Domenico / Rashid, Hisham / Singh Gambhir, Raghvinder Pal

    European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery

    2019  Volume 58, Issue 3, Page(s) 410–414

    Abstract: Objectives: This study aims to assess the efficacy and outcomes at one year after office based endovenous radiofrequency ablation (OBEVRFA) as a standalone procedure for varicose veins under local anaesthesia.: Methods: A retrospective study of ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: This study aims to assess the efficacy and outcomes at one year after office based endovenous radiofrequency ablation (OBEVRFA) as a standalone procedure for varicose veins under local anaesthesia.
    Methods: A retrospective study of prospectively collected data of all OBEVRFAs done in the vascular unit from April 2014 to June 2016 was performed. The demographics, clinical findings, initial venous duplex ultrasound (DUS) findings, the vein ablated, and immediate complications were recorded. Patients were reviewed at six weeks and again if necessary with or without a repeat DUS. The follow up period ranged from 12 to 38 months. Patients undergoing further procedures for symptomatic residual veins within the follow up period were recorded. Average cost and income were obtained from the hospital Patient Level Information and Costing Systems data.
    Results: A total of 523 limbs were listed for OBEVRFA during the study period. Ninety-four (18%) were cancelled on the day of surgery for various reasons. A total of 429 procedures in 394 patients were performed. There were 35 bilateral cases; each limb performed on separate occasions. The female to male ratio was 1.2:1. The median age was 54 years (range 17-88 years). The CEAP (Clinical, Etiologic, Anatomic and Pathophysiologic) classification was C2 to C3, 291 (68%); C4 to C5, 11 (26%), and C6, 26 (6%). Forty-seven (11%) recurrent varicose veins were treated. There were three recorded cases of endovenous heat induced thrombosis (EHIT). Sixty (14%) patients were lost to follow up. One hundred and five (29%) patients underwent repeat DUS for persistent symptoms. In the follow up period, only 86 patients (23%) needed further multiple avulsions.
    Conclusions: OBEVRFAs of the truncal veins for the treatment of varicose veins is safe and effective and could be performed in all suitable patients to free up theatre capacity.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods ; Catheter Ablation/methods ; Disease Progression ; Endovascular Procedures/methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex ; Varicose Veins/diagnosis ; Varicose Veins/surgery ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1225869-6
    ISSN 1532-2165 ; 1078-5884
    ISSN (online) 1532-2165
    ISSN 1078-5884
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.05.020
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  8. Article: Patterns of diabetic complications at jimma university specialized hospital, southwest ethiopia.

    Worku, Dawit / Hamza, Leja / Woldemichael, Kifle

    Ethiopian journal of health sciences

    2012  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 33–39

    Abstract: Background: Diabetes Mellitus is common metabolic disease worldwide. Its complications in the Ethiopian care setup has not been well documented. The objective of this study was to assess the pattern and distribution of diabetic complications among ... ...

    Abstract Background: Diabetes Mellitus is common metabolic disease worldwide. Its complications in the Ethiopian care setup has not been well documented. The objective of this study was to assess the pattern and distribution of diabetic complications among patients having follow-up at Jimma University specialized Hospital diabetic clinic.
    Methods: A cross sectional study based on record review of 305 patients, selected using systematic sampling with replacement was carried out in October 2008. The data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 13.0.
    Results: Larger proportion, 189 (62.0%), of patients had type II diabetes and 163 (53.4%) of them were diabetic for less than 5 years. Seventy three of the 76 (96.1%) patients with type II diabetes mellitus had hypertension. Acute complications were observed in 93 (30.5%) of the patients of which Diabetic Ketoacidosis was documented in 66(71.0%). Forty eight (45.7%) of patients had proteinuria, 90 (29.5%) had peripheral neuropathy, 13(6.8%) had impotence. Diabetic foot ulcer, skin and/or subcutaneous tissue infection, dental problems and tuberculosis were documented in 14(4.5%), 31(10.0%), 31(10.0%), and 17(5.6%) patients, respectively. Any of the chronic complications were not different by sex of the patient but age had statistically significant association with hypertension, visual disturbance and neuropathy (p< 0.05). Type of diabetes had statistically significant association with all the tested complications except infection (P<0.05) where most of the complications occurred in type II diabetics. Statistically significant association was observed between the duration of the diabetes and impotence and visual disturbances (p < 0.05).
    Conclusion: The majority of patients were type II diabetics. Acute complications were observed more commonly among type I diabetics and DKA was the commonest acute complication. The frequency of chronic complications was high. Increased occurrence of retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, hypertension and nephropathy was observed with longer duration of illness. Impotence and diabetic nephropathy were more common in type II diabetics. The study showed that age, sex, type of diabetes mellitus and duration of diabetes were significantly associated with the development of diabetic complications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-03-21
    Publishing country Ethiopia
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1029-1857
    ISSN 1029-1857
    DOI 10.4314/ejhs.v20i1.69424
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  9. Article: Prevalence of depression in Parkinson's disease patients in Ethiopia.

    Worku, Dawit Kibru / Yifru, Yared Mamushet / Postels, Douglas G / Gashe, Fikre Enquselassie

    Journal of clinical movement disorders

    2014  Volume 1, Page(s) 10

    Abstract: Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with cognitive and psychiatric disturbances including depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms and sleep disturbances. These psychiatric manifestations have a negative impact on disease course and the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with cognitive and psychiatric disturbances including depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms and sleep disturbances. These psychiatric manifestations have a negative impact on disease course and the medical management of PD patients. Major depression has a greater negative impact on patients' quality of life than abnormal motor function, and is associated with faster cognitive decline and progression of motor deficits. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of depression in PD outpatients in Ethiopia. We determined the age range in which depression in PD patients is most common, the most common symptoms of depression, and the epidemiologic confounders associated with depression in PD patients.
    Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional point prevalence study of all PD patients attending the follow-up clinics of the departments of neurology at Black Lion Teaching and Zewuditu Memorial Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from May 2013 to August 2013. We collected information using a structured questionnaire which assessed demographic information, clinical history, and neurologic function.
    Result: Of the 101 patients surveyed, the prevalence of depression was 58/101(57.4%). Of these patients, 1 of 58(1.7%) was on antidepressant medications. These low proportions likely indicate a low index of suspicion and under treatment of depression in PD outpatients.
    Conclusion: In Ethiopian PD outpatients, depression is under recognized and undertreated. We recommend routine use of screening tools. In those who screen positive for depression, treatment is warranted. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings, and to increase our understanding of specific signs and symptoms of depression in the context of PD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2802032-7
    ISSN 2054-7072
    ISSN 2054-7072
    DOI 10.1186/s40734-014-0010-3
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  10. Article ; Online: The prevalence of primary headache disorders in Ethiopia.

    Zebenigus, Mehila / Tekle-Haimanot, Redda / Worku, Dawit K / Thomas, Hallie / Steiner, Timothy J

    The journal of headache and pain

    2016  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 110

    Abstract: Background: Knowledge of the epidemiology of primary headache disorders in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains very limited. We performed a population-based survey in rural and urban areas of Ethiopia, using methods similar to those of an earlier study in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Knowledge of the epidemiology of primary headache disorders in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains very limited. We performed a population-based survey in rural and urban areas of Ethiopia, using methods similar to those of an earlier study in Zambia and tested in multiple other countries by Lifting The Burden.
    Methods: In a cross-sectional survey we visited households unannounced in four regions of Ethiopia: the mostly urban populations in Addis Ababa and its environs and rural populations of selected districts in Oromia, Amhara and South Nations Nationalities and People's Regions States (SNNPRS). We used cluster-randomized sampling: within clusters we randomly selected households, and one adult member (18-65 years old) of each household. The HARDSHIP structured questionnaire, translated into the local languages, was administered face-to-face by trained interviewers. Demographic enquiry was followed by diagnostic questions based on ICHD-II criteria.
    Results: From 2,528 households approached, 2,385 of 2,391 eligible members (1,064 [44.7%] male, 596 [25.0%] urban) consented to interview (participating proportion 99.8%). Headache in the preceding year was reported by 1,071 participants (44.9% [95% CI: 42.4-46.3]; males 37.7%, females 49.9%), and headache yesterday by 170 (7.1% [6.2-8.2]; males 45 [4.1%], females 125 [9.2%]). Adjusted for gender, age and habitation (urban/rural), 1-year prevalence of migraine was 17.7%, of tension-type headache (TTH) 20.6%, of all headache on ≥15 days/month 3.2%, and of probable medication-overuse headache (pMOH) 0.7%. The adjusted prevalence of headache yesterday was 6.4%. Very few cases (1.6%) were unclassifiable. All headache disorders were more common in females. TTH was less common in urban areas (OR: 0.3; p < 0.0001), but pMOH was very strongly associated (OR: 6.1; p < 0.0001) with urban dwelling. Education was negatively associated with migraine (OR: 0.5-0.7; p < 0.05) but (at university level) positively with pMOH (OR: 2.9; p = 0.067). Income above ETB 500/month showed similar associations: negatively with migraine (OR: 0.8; p = 0.035), positively with pMOH (OR: 2.1; p = 0.164).
    Conclusions: Findings for migraine and TTH in Ethiopia were quite similar to those from Zambia, another SSA country; pMOH was much less prevalent but, as in Zambia, essentially an urban problem. Primary headache disorders are at least as prevalent in SSA as in high-income western countries.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Female ; Headache Disorders, Primary/diagnosis ; Headache Disorders, Primary/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Migraine Disorders/diagnosis ; Migraine Disorders/epidemiology ; Pilot Projects ; Prevalence ; Random Allocation ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2036768-5
    ISSN 1129-2377 ; 1129-2369
    ISSN (online) 1129-2377
    ISSN 1129-2369
    DOI 10.1186/s10194-016-0704-z
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