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Article: Comparison of the metabolic responses of eight Escherichia coli strains including the “big six” in pea sprouts to low concentration electrolysed water by NMR spectroscopy

Wang, Yue / Wu, Ji'en / Yang, Hongshun

Food control. 2022 Jan., v. 131

2022

Abstract: The antimicrobial effects of low concentration electrolysed water (LcEW) on common foodborne pathogens have been well documented; however, the effects on six emerging Escherichia coli serotypes (the “big six”) remained unknown. Using pea sprouts as the ... ...

Abstract	The antimicrobial effects of low concentration electrolysed water (LcEW) on common foodborne pathogens have been well documented; however, the effects on six emerging Escherichia coli serotypes (the “big six”) remained unknown. Using pea sprouts as the food matrix, this in vivo study examined the sanitising efficacy of a 10-min LcEW treatment against eight E. coli strains (non-pathogenic E. coli ATCC 25922, pathogenic E. coli O26:H11, O45:H2, O103:H11, O111, O121:H19, O145 and O157:H7). The metabolic responses of the strains were further analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. An overall negative correlation between the resistance to LcEW and the magnitude of metabolic variation was observed. The metabolic status and pathways of the most resistant O103:H11 and O45:H2 strains were the least affected. The O26:H11 and O145 strains which demonstrated the highest sensitivity to LcEW had an array of metabolites depleted and had multiple pathways involved in amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism as well as osmotic and oxidative protection perturbed. Distinctive metabolic responses were detected in ATCC 25922, suggesting that alternative stress defence mechanisms may be present in the non-pathogenic E. coli strain. Amongst the pathogenic strains, the most unique metabolic responses were illustrated by O121:H19. Overall, the study showed that the NMR-based metabolomics is promising in elucidating the metabolic changes of various E. coli strains in pea sprouts during an antimicrobial process. It also provides clue for controlling “big six” contamination in fresh produce.
Keywords	Escherichia coli O26 ; amino acid metabolism ; energy metabolism ; food matrix ; food safety ; fresh produce ; metabolites ; metabolomics ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; peas ; serotypes
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1027805-9
ISSN	0956-7135
ISSN	0956-7135
DOI	10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108458
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Effect of vacuum impregnated fish gelatin and grape seed extract on metabolite profiles of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets during storage.

Zhao, Xue / Wu, Ji'en / Chen, Lin / Yang, Hongshun

Food chemistry

2019 Volume 293, Page(s) 418–428

Abstract: Traditional methods evaluating fish quality do not involve comprehensive qualification and quantification of quality-related components. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vacuum impregnated fish gelatin (FG) and grape seed ... ...

Abstract	Traditional methods evaluating fish quality do not involve comprehensive qualification and quantification of quality-related components. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vacuum impregnated fish gelatin (FG) and grape seed extract (GSE) on metabolites of tilapia fillets during storage using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Totally 42 metabolites were identified, 36 of which were quantified. The multivariate analysis results demonstrated distinct separations between fresh and stored fillets, indicating significant metabolite changes during storage. Some metabolites like choline and trimethylamine oxide were closely related to freshness while organic acids were associated with spoilage. Combined FG and GSE reduced the formation of undesirable metabolites like trimethylamine and histidine significantly (P < 0.05). Traditional freshness indexes indicated preserved quality after combined coating and further verified NMR results. This study reveals the potential of NMR to analyse metabolites that determine fish quality and to monitor their changes during storage.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Choline/metabolism ; Cichlids/metabolism ; Fish Products ; Food Storage ; Gelatin/chemistry ; Grape Seed Extract/chemistry ; Histidine/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Methylamines/metabolism ; Multivariate Analysis ; Vacuum
Chemical Substances	Grape Seed Extract ; Methylamines ; Histidine (4QD397987E) ; Gelatin (9000-70-8) ; trimethyloxamine (FLD0K1SJ1A) ; trimethylamine (LHH7G8O305) ; Choline (N91BDP6H0X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.001
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Article: Metabolic analysis of salicylic acid-induced chilling tolerance of banana using NMR

Chen, Lin / Zhao, Xue / Wu, Ji'en / He, Yun / Yang, Hongshun

Food research international. 2020 Feb., v. 128

2020

Abstract: Banana is highly susceptible to low temperature and salicylic acid (SA) can effectively improve the chilling tolerance. The metabolic changes of SA induced chilling responses of banana were studied. Bananas normally ripened under 15 °C and dramatic ... ...

Abstract	Banana is highly susceptible to low temperature and salicylic acid (SA) can effectively improve the chilling tolerance. The metabolic changes of SA induced chilling responses of banana were studied. Bananas normally ripened under 15 °C and dramatic metabolic difference compared with other groups was recorded. Accumulation of glucose (>1.5 folds) and consumption of unsaturated fatty acids (11.0–16.5%) were observed. The glycolysis was induced to compensate the decreased energy charge. Low temperature (6 °C) caused chilling damage and metabolites including glutamine, serine, and glucose were related to chilled bananas. Various physiological changes such as sugar metabolism and consumption of reducing substances occurred to adapt the cold stress. SA released the cold injury and the disaccharides were increased by 18.1–21.4%. Further analysis revealed the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids such as proline, and enhanced energy charge. Thus, SA increased the chilling tolerance via a number of different metabolic mechanisms.
Keywords	bananas ; cold injury ; cold stress ; cold tolerance ; cold treatment ; disaccharides ; energy ; glucose ; glutamine ; glycolysis ; metabolites ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; proline ; salicylic acid ; serine ; temperature ; unsaturated fatty acids
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-02
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1111695-x
ISSN	1873-7145 ; 0963-9969
ISSN (online)	1873-7145
ISSN	0963-9969
DOI	10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108796
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Metabolic characterisation of eight Escherichia coli strains including "Big Six" and acidic responses of selected strains revealed by NMR spectroscopy

Chen, Lin / Zhao, Xue / Wu, Ji'en / Liu, Qin / Pang, Xinyi / Yang, Hongshun

Food microbiology. 2020 June, v. 88

2020

Abstract: The metabolic diversity of Escherichia coli strains (non-pathogenic E. coli ATCC 25922, and pathogenic E. coli O157:H7, O26:H11, O45:H2, O103:H11, O111, O121:H19, and O145) was tested using nuclear magnetic resonance. Based on two representative two- ... ...

Abstract	The metabolic diversity of Escherichia coli strains (non-pathogenic E. coli ATCC 25922, and pathogenic E. coli O157:H7, O26:H11, O45:H2, O103:H11, O111, O121:H19, and O145) was tested using nuclear magnetic resonance. Based on two representative two-dimensional 1H–13C spectra, 38 metabolites were identified in E. coli intracellular samples. Principal component analysis indicated that metabolites including lysine, arginine, α-ketoglutaric acid, adenosine, and fumaric acid were responsible for the separation of E. coli ATCC 25922. Relatively large metabolic differences between ATCC 25922 and the pathogenic strains were recoded. The most varied pairwise group (ATCC 25922 vs. O26:H11) was further analysed. The screened metabolites and enrichment pathway tests revealed different amino acid metabolism and higher requirement for energy production in the pathogenic strains. The acidic responses of the selected strains were further tested. The in vitro and in vivo inactivation kinetics, morphological changes, and protein leakage showed higher acid tolerance of E. coli O26:H11. Metabolic analysis of the two strains under acidic stress revealed alternative metabolites and pathways in the two groups. Pathogenic O26:H11 was characterised by higher energy production and amino acid metabolism (lysine and glutamic acid). Real-time PCR tests confirmed that glutamic acid dependent decarboxylase/antiporter system was the major acid resistance mechanism.
Keywords	Escherichia coli O157 ; Escherichia coli O26 ; acid tolerance ; adenosine ; alpha-ketoglutaric acid ; amino acid metabolism ; antiporters ; arginine ; energy ; fumaric acid ; glutamic acid ; lysine ; metabolites ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; principal component analysis ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; virulent strains
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-06
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	50892-5
ISSN	1095-9998 ; 0740-0020
ISSN (online)	1095-9998
ISSN	0740-0020
DOI	10.1016/j.fm.2019.103399
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Divergent reactivities in fluoronation of allylic alcohols: synthesis of

Liu, Tang-Lin / Wu, Ji'En / Zhao, Yu

Chemical science

2017 Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) 3885–3890

Abstract: An unconventional cleavage of an unstrained carbon-carbon bond in allylic alcohols can be induced by the use ... ...

Abstract	An unconventional cleavage of an unstrained carbon-carbon bond in allylic alcohols can be induced by the use of
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2559110-1
ISSN	2041-6539 ; 2041-6520
ISSN (online)	2041-6539
ISSN	2041-6520
DOI	10.1039/c7sc00483d
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Article: Cyclohexyl-Fused, Spirobiindane-Derived, Phosphine-Catalyzed Synthesis of Tricyclic γ-Lactams and Kinetic Resolution of γ-Substituted Allenoates

Wu, Mingyue / Ding, Kuiling / Han, Zhaobin / Li, Kaizhi / Lu, Yixin / Wu, Ji’en

Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2019 Sept. 23, v. 141, no. 41

2019

Abstract: A C2-symmetric chiral phosphine catalyst, NUSIOC-Phos, which can be easily derived from cyclohexyl-fused spirobiindane, was introduced. A highly enantioselective domino process involving pyrrolidine-2,3-diones and γ-substituted allenoates catalyzed by ... ...

Abstract	A C2-symmetric chiral phosphine catalyst, NUSIOC-Phos, which can be easily derived from cyclohexyl-fused spirobiindane, was introduced. A highly enantioselective domino process involving pyrrolidine-2,3-diones and γ-substituted allenoates catalyzed by NUSIOC-Phos has been disclosed. Diastereospecific tricyclic γ-lactams containing five contiguous stereogenic centers were obtained in high yields and with nearly perfect enantioselectivities. A kinetic resolution process of racemic γ-substituted allenoates was developed for the generation of optically enriched chiral allenoates.
Keywords	catalysts ; catalytic activity ; enantioselectivity ; phosphine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0923
Size	p. 16362-16373.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	3155-0
ISSN	1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
ISSN (online)	1520-5126
ISSN	0002-7863
DOI	10.1021/jacs.9b07418
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Article: Comparison of metabolic response between the planktonic and air-dried Escherichia coli to electrolysed water combined with ultrasound by 1H NMR spectroscopy

Zhao, Lin / Lou, Xiaowei / Wu, Ji'en / Yang, Hongshun / Zhao, Xue

Food research international. 2019 Aug. 04,

2019

Abstract: The antimicrobial effects of electrolysed water and ultrasound have been well reported; however, little attention was paid to their effects on the metabolite changes of bacteria in different states. In this study, the metabolomic variations of ... ...

Abstract	The antimicrobial effects of electrolysed water and ultrasound have been well reported; however, little attention was paid to their effects on the metabolite changes of bacteria in different states. In this study, the metabolomic variations of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 in planktonic and adherent state (air-dried on stainless steel coupons) after the combination treatment of low-concentration acidic electrolysed water (AEW, free available chlorine (FAC): 4 mg/L) and ultrasound were characterised, by conducting multivariate data analysis based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Overall, 43 metabolites were identified in two states of E. coli, including a wide range of amino acids, organic acids, nucleotides and their derivatives. The quantification of whole-cell metabolism in planktonic and air-dried cultures was quite different: air-dried E. coli exhibited more resistance to ultrasound and AEW treatments due to initiating a protective response against oxidative and acid stresses, which was not observed in planktonic E. coli, whose levels of all identified metabolites were decreased significantly after the combined treatment. Further pathway analysis revealed that alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were changed significantly in planktonic culture, but to a less extent in air-dried culture, in which some shifts in glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) system and some shunts like mixed acid fermentation and pentose phosphate pathway were observed for maintaining metabolic balance. These findings suggest that NMR-based metabolomics strategy is promising in identifying different metabolic shifts in different states of bacteria. They also provide some guidance for food equipment sanitisation, especially for organic food processing.
Keywords	acidity ; air drying ; alanine ; antimicrobial properties ; aspartic acid ; bacteria ; chlorine ; electrolyzed water ; equipment ; Escherichia coli ; fermentation ; food processing ; glutamate decarboxylase ; glutamic acid ; glycolysis ; metabolites ; metabolomics ; multivariate analysis ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; nucleotides ; organic foods ; pentose phosphate cycle ; plankton ; pyruvic acid ; stainless steel ; tricarboxylic acid cycle ; ultrasonics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0804
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	1111695-x
ISSN	1873-7145 ; 0963-9969
ISSN (online)	1873-7145
ISSN	0963-9969
DOI	10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108607
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effect of vacuum impregnated fish gelatin and grape seed extract on metabolite profiles of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets during storage

Zhao, Xue / Wu, Ji'en / Chen, Lin / Yang, Hongshun

Food chemistry. 2019 Sept. 30, v. 293

2019

Abstract	Traditional methods evaluating fish quality do not involve comprehensive qualification and quantification of quality-related components. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vacuum impregnated fish gelatin (FG) and grape seed extract (GSE) on metabolites of tilapia fillets during storage using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Totally 42 metabolites were identified, 36 of which were quantified. The multivariate analysis results demonstrated distinct separations between fresh and stored fillets, indicating significant metabolite changes during storage. Some metabolites like choline and trimethylamine oxide were closely related to freshness while organic acids were associated with spoilage. Combined FG and GSE reduced the formation of undesirable metabolites like trimethylamine and histidine significantly (P < 0.05). Traditional freshness indexes indicated preserved quality after combined coating and further verified NMR results. This study reveals the potential of NMR to analyse metabolites that determine fish quality and to monitor their changes during storage.
Keywords	Oreochromis niloticus ; choline ; coatings ; fish ; fish fillets ; freshness ; gelatin ; grape seed extract ; histidine ; metabolites ; multivariate analysis ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; organic acids and salts ; spoilage ; trimethylamine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0930
Size	p. 418-428.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.001
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Comparison of metabolic response between the planktonic and air-dried Escherichia coli to electrolysed water combined with ultrasound by

Zhao, Lin / Zhao, Xue / Wu, Ji'en / Lou, Xiaowei / Yang, Hongshun

Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)

2019 Volume 125, Page(s) 108607

Abstract	The antimicrobial effects of electrolysed water and ultrasound have been well reported; however, little attention was paid to their effects on the metabolite changes of bacteria in different states. In this study, the metabolomic variations of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 in planktonic and adherent state (air-dried on stainless steel coupons) after the combination treatment of low-concentration acidic electrolysed water (AEW, free available chlorine (FAC): 4 mg/L) and ultrasound were characterised, by conducting multivariate data analysis based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Overall, 43 metabolites were identified in two states of E. coli, including a wide range of amino acids, organic acids, nucleotides and their derivatives. The quantification of whole-cell metabolism in planktonic and air-dried cultures was quite different: air-dried E. coli exhibited more resistance to ultrasound and AEW treatments due to initiating a protective response against oxidative and acid stresses, which was not observed in planktonic E. coli, whose levels of all identified metabolites were decreased significantly after the combined treatment. Further pathway analysis revealed that alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were changed significantly in planktonic culture, but to a less extent in air-dried culture, in which some shifts in glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) system and some shunts like mixed acid fermentation and pentose phosphate pathway were observed for maintaining metabolic balance. These findings suggest that NMR-based metabolomics strategy is promising in identifying different metabolic shifts in different states of bacteria. They also provide some guidance for food equipment sanitisation, especially for organic food processing.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Adhesion ; Biofilms ; Chlorine/metabolism ; Electrolysis ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Food Contamination/prevention & control ; Food Handling ; Food Microbiology ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolomics ; Plankton/metabolism ; Principal Component Analysis ; Stainless Steel ; Stress, Physiological ; Ultrasonics ; Water/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Stainless Steel (12597-68-1) ; Chlorine (4R7X1O2820)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-06
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1111695-x
ISSN	1873-7145 ; 0963-9969
ISSN (online)	1873-7145
ISSN	0963-9969
DOI	10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108607
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Article ; Online: Metabolomic analysis of energy regulated germination and sprouting of organic mung bean (Vigna radiata) using NMR spectroscopy.

Chen, Lin / Wu, Ji'en / Li, Zhanming / Liu, Qin / Zhao, Xue / Yang, Hongshun

Food chemistry

2019 Volume 286, Page(s) 87–97

Abstract: Germination and sprouting are regulated by the energy status. In the present study, mung bean seeds were treated with adenosine triphosphate and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). The metabolomic changes during development of mung beans under different energy ... ...

Abstract	Germination and sprouting are regulated by the energy status. In the present study, mung bean seeds were treated with adenosine triphosphate and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). The metabolomic changes during development of mung beans under different energy statuses were investigated. In total, 42 metabolites were identified. Principal component analysis revealed that the featured compounds produced in seeds were oleic, linoleic, and succinic acids. Sugars, including maltose, sucrose, and glucose were related to sprouting. Mung bean seeds utilised diverse energy resources and produced higher succinic acid content. Sugars and secondary metabolites accumulated in sprouts. Nitrogen, sugar, and amino acid metabolism pathways contributed to this physiological process. DNP caused an energy deficit, which resulted in the consumption and translation of glucose. Higher contents of other saccharides and amino acids were observed. The transcriptional results further confirmed our metabolic hypothesis. In conclusion, sufficient energy supply is crucial for sprout development and nutritive metabolite synthesis.
MeSH term(s)	2,4-Dinitrophenol/pharmacology ; Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Germination/drug effects ; Germination/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Metabolomics/methods ; Principal Component Analysis ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Secondary Metabolism ; Seeds/chemistry ; Seeds/drug effects ; Seeds/physiology ; Succinic Acid/metabolism ; Vigna/chemistry ; Vigna/drug effects ; Vigna/physiology
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; Succinic Acid (AB6MNQ6J6L) ; 2,4-Dinitrophenol (Q13SKS21MN)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.183
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