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Article: Multisensor approach to land use and land cover mapping in Brazilian Amazon

Prudente, Victor Hugo Rohden / Skakun, Sergii / Oldoni, Lucas Volochen / A. M. Xaud, Haron / Xaud, Maristela R. / Adami, Marcos / Sanches, Ieda Del'Arco

International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS) ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing. 2022 July, v. 189

2022

Abstract: Remote sensing has an important role in the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) mapping process worldwide. Combining spaceborne optical and microwave data is essential for accurate classification in areas with frequent cloud cover, such as tropical regions. ... ...

Abstract	Remote sensing has an important role in the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) mapping process worldwide. Combining spaceborne optical and microwave data is essential for accurate classification in areas with frequent cloud cover, such as tropical regions. In this study, we investigate the possible improvements, when SAR data is incorporated into the classification process along with optical data. We used MSI/Sentinel-2 and SAR/Sentinel-1 to provide LULC mapping in the Roraima State, Brazil, in 2019. This State is located in a tropical area, where the cloud cover is frequent over the year. Cloud cover becomes substantial, especially during the May-August period when crops are grown. Twenty-nine scenarios involving a combination of optical- and SAR-based features, as well as times of data acquisition, were considered in this study. Our results showed that optical or SAR data used individually are not enough to provide accurate LULC mapping. The best results in terms of overall accuracy (OA) were achieved using metrics of multi-temporal surface reflectance and vegetation index (VI) for optical imagery, and values of backscatter coefficient in different polarizations and their ratios yielding an OA of 86.41 ± 1.74%. Analysis of three periods of data (January to April, May to August, and September to December) used for classification allowed us to identify the optimal period for distinguishing specific classes. When comparing our LULC map with a LULC product derived within the MapBiomas project we observed that our method performed better to map annual and perennial crops and water classes. Our methodology provides a more accurate LULC for the Roraima State, and the proposed technique can be applied to benefit other regions that are affected by persistent cloud cover.
Keywords	cloud cover ; data collection ; land use and land cover maps ; photogrammetry ; reflectance ; vegetation index ; Amazonia ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-07
Size	p. 95-109.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1007774-1
ISSN	0924-2716
ISSN	0924-2716
DOI	10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2022.04.025
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Logging Amazon forest increased the severity and spread of fires during the 2015–2016 El Niño

Barni, Paulo Eduardo / Rego, Anelícia Cleide Martins / Silva, Francisco das Chagas Ferreira / Lopes, Richard Anderson Silva / Xaud, Haron Abrahim Magalhães / Xaud, Maristela Ramalho / Barbosa, Reinaldo Imbrozio / Fearnside, Philip Martin

Forest ecology and management. 2021 Nov. 15, v. 500

2021

Abstract: Forest fires degrade Amazon forest and its natural functions. Logging, deforestation and the increased frequency of prolonged droughts have contributed to the high recurrence of forest fires in the Amazon. Fires have impacted areas that, until recently, ... ...

Abstract	Forest fires degrade Amazon forest and its natural functions. Logging, deforestation and the increased frequency of prolonged droughts have contributed to the high recurrence of forest fires in the Amazon. Fires have impacted areas that, until recently, were considered immune to fire, such as the southern portion of the Brazilian state of Roraima, which is characterized by forest types that occur in environments with high natural humidity but that are now strongly impacted by selective logging (SL). The objective of this study was to determine the severity and spread of fire in the forests of southern Roraima, taking as a reference the great forest fire that occurred during the 2015–2016 El Niño. We mapped fire scars and forest biomass from remote sensing and data from forest inventories in a 6657.3 km² study area, of which 6512.4 km² (97.8%) had originally been forest and 5412.3 km² (81.3%) was still forest in 2016. The 2015/2016 fires affected an estimated at 682.2 km², or 12.6% of the area that was still forest in 2016. Vulnerability maps of the forest were made using the weights-of-evidence method. The biomass impacted by fire totaled 26.4 × 10⁶ Mg, representing 9.5% of the total mapped for the study area (277.4 × 10⁶ Mg). The biomass killed by the fire totaled 5.9 × 10⁶ Mg, representing 22.3% of the biomass affected by the fires. The highest level of fire severity (very strong) proportionally affected 84.6% more forest biomass inside than outside SL areas. Forest vulnerability to fires increased by 265.5% in terms of area and by 400.7% in terms of biomass when exposed to SL. Logging also increased the severity of fires when they occurred: a hectare of burned forest was 85.9% more likely to have a “very strong” fire if it had been previously logged, and burned areas that had been logged lost, on average, 2.9% more of their pre-fire biomass to the fire than those that had not been logged (86.5 Mg ha⁻¹ versus 84.0 Mg ha⁻¹). Considering only the ombrophilous forest, the mean biomass of forest that was logged and burned was 310.7 Mg ha⁻¹, or 30.8% lower than the mean biomass of 448.7 Mg ha⁻¹ in logged but unburned areas, showing a substantial biomass loss to fire (average of 138.0 Mg ha⁻¹). SL more than doubled the impact of fire on biomass loss as compared to the impact of the logging itself. In addition to its contribution to carbon emissions and other impacts, the amplifying effect of SL on forest fires indicates that the assumption that authorized forest management projects in Amazonia are sustainable is unwarranted. The future role of this practice should be rethought, existing projects should be subject to close inspection and control, and unauthorized logging should be identified and repressed. The policy of allowing sale of wood from clearcutting projects should be rethought because it provides a loophole for laundering wood from illegal logging.
Keywords	El Nino ; administrative management ; biomass ; carbon ; clearcutting ; deforestation ; fire severity ; forest fires ; forest management ; humidity ; issues and policy ; wood ; Amazonia ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1115
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119652
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Sensitivity of ALOS/PALSAR imagery to forest degradation by fire in northern Amazon

Martins, Flora da Silva Ramos Vieira / dos Santos, João Roberto / Galvão, Lênio Soares / Xaud, Haron Abrahim Magalhães

International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation. 2016 July, v. 49

2016

Abstract: We evaluated the sensitivity of the full polarimetric Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR), onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS), to forest degradation caused by fires in northern Amazon, Brazil. We searched for ... ...

Abstract	We evaluated the sensitivity of the full polarimetric Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR), onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS), to forest degradation caused by fires in northern Amazon, Brazil. We searched for changes in PALSAR signal and tri-dimensional polarimetric responses for different classes of fire disturbance defined by fire frequency and severity. Since the aboveground biomass (AGB) is affected by fire, multiple regression models to estimate AGB were obtained for the whole set of coherent and incoherent attributes (general model) and for each set separately (specific models). The results showed that the polarimetric L-band PALSAR attributes were sensitive to variations in canopy structure and AGB caused by forest fire. However, except for the unburned and thrice burned classes, no single PALSAR attribute was able to discriminate between the intermediate classes of forest degradation by fire. Both the coherent and incoherent polarimetric attributes were important to explain AGB variations in tropical forests affected by fire. The HV backscattering coefficient, anisotropy, double-bounce component, orientation angle, volume index and HH-VV phase difference were PALSAR attributes selected from multiple regression analysis to estimate AGB. The general regression model, combining phase and power radar metrics, presented better results than specific models using coherent or incoherent attributes. The polarimetric responses indicated the dominance of VV-oriented backscattering in primary forest and lightly burned forests. The HH-oriented backscattering predominated in heavily and frequently burned forests. The results suggested a greater contribution of horizontally arranged constituents such as fallen trunks or branches in areas severely affected by fire.
Keywords	aboveground biomass ; anisotropy ; canopy ; fire frequency ; forest fires ; models ; polarimetry ; regression analysis ; satellites ; spatial data ; synthetic aperture radar ; Amazonia ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-07
Size	p. 163-174.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	1569-8432
DOI	10.1016/j.jag.2016.02.009
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Tropical forest degradation by mega-fires in the northern Brazilian Amazon

Xaud, Haron Abrahim Magalhães / Martins, Flora da Silva Ramos Vieira / Santos, João Roberto dos

Forest ecology and management. 2013 Apr. 15, v. 294

2013

Abstract: In this study, we examine the degradation of tropical forests caused by the forest fires of anthropogenic origin that have frequently and intensely affected a large portion of the State of Roraima (northern Brazilian Amazon), such as the one that ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we examine the degradation of tropical forests caused by the forest fires of anthropogenic origin that have frequently and intensely affected a large portion of the State of Roraima (northern Brazilian Amazon), such as the one that occurred in 1998 and extended over 12,000km². In a region located in the so-called “Arc of Fire” in the State, data from all individuals with DBH⩾10cm were collected in 50 sample plots (12.5ha). These plots were collected across five fire-degradation levels (classes), from unaffected areas to areas affected by one, two or three fires over 10years: 1998, 2003 and 2007. The floristic and phytosociological quantitative parameters in the analysis were as follows: species richness (defined classically and by rarefaction), evenness, Shannon diversity index, mixture coefficient, importance value (dominance, density and frequency), basal area, diameter, total height and volume. In the full set of plots, 5593 individuals were measured and identified in 177species/morphospecies and 53 families. We performed both univariate (ANOVA and Tukey’s test) and multivariate analyses (ordination methods), aiming to find patterns of degradation by fire. The results revealed that forests affected by one low-intensity fire (BF1L) showed slight evidence of alteration in comparison with forests that have not burned (UF), taking all indicators evaluated into account. In extremely degraded forest plots, the heavily impacted forests lose their primary-forest characteristics, showing significant floristic and structural changes and similarity to areas of young secondary succession. Some aspects of these disturbances were observed not only in twice or thrice-affected areas (BF2, BF3) but also in areas that suffered from one high-intensity fire (BF1H). Given the observed results, we ought to consider that an extensive “secondarization” process caused by fire could plausibly reach more forest areas in this part of the Amazon in the near future.
Keywords	analysis of variance ; basal area ; burning ; forest fires ; multivariate analysis ; phytosociology ; quantitative analysis ; species diversity ; tropical forests ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-0415
Size	p. 97-106.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.036
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effects of fire on above-ground forest biomass in the northern Brazilian Amazon

Martins, Flora da Silva Ramos Vieira / Xaud, Haron Abrahim Magalhães / dos Santos, João Roberto / Galvão, Lênio Soares

2012 Nov., v. 28, no. 6

2012

Abstract: Fires can significantly affect the structure, floristic composition and biomass content of tropical forests, which are not adapted to this disturbance. To assess the impact of understorey fires on above-ground biomass, this study was conducted in the ... ...

Abstract	Fires can significantly affect the structure, floristic composition and biomass content of tropical forests, which are not adapted to this disturbance. To assess the impact of understorey fires on above-ground biomass, this study was conducted in the northern Brazilian Amazon (Roraima state), where uncontrolled forest fires are recurrent. Fifty plots (0.25 ha each) distributed across five fire disturbance classes were inventoried. Losses in biomass stocks were significant (−57% and −63%) for forests that suffered from recurrent fires and progressively occurred until some point between 3 and 7 y after the last fire, as deduced from previous studies. Twelve years after a fire event, biomass stocks were reconstituted, although differences in the floristic composition were associated with greater fire severity, particularly driven by the dominance of the Cecropia spp. In thrice-burned forests, live biomass reached levels of secondary forests of the same region. For large trees (> 50 cm dbh), the reduction (−54%) in biomass was significant in thrice-burned areas. These findings highlight the threat that fires represent for tropical rain forests and emphasise the need for long-term surveys in order to distinguish between the effects of fire severity, fire frequency and time-since-fire artefact.
Keywords	Cecropia ; aboveground biomass ; botanical composition ; fire frequency ; fire severity ; forest fires ; secondary forests ; surveys ; trees ; tropical rain forests ; understory ; Amazonia ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-11
Size	p. 591-601.
Publishing place	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	395518-7
ISSN	1469-7831 ; 0266-4674
ISSN (online)	1469-7831
ISSN	0266-4674
DOI	10.1017/S0266467412000636
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Climatic and anthropogenic drivers of northern Amazon fires during the 2015-2016 El Niño event.

Fonseca, Marisa G / Anderson, Liana O / Arai, Egidio / Shimabukuro, Yosio E / Xaud, Haron A M / Xaud, Maristela R / Madani, Nima / Wagner, Fabien H / Aragão, Luiz E O C

Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America

2017 Volume 27, Issue 8, Page(s) 2514–2527

Abstract: The strong El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event that occurred in 2015-2016 caused extreme drought in the northern Brazilian Amazon, especially in the state of Roraima, increasing fire occurrence. Here we map the extent of precipitation and fire ... ...

Abstract	The strong El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event that occurred in 2015-2016 caused extreme drought in the northern Brazilian Amazon, especially in the state of Roraima, increasing fire occurrence. Here we map the extent of precipitation and fire anomalies and quantify the effects of climatic and anthropogenic drivers on fire occurrence during the 2015-2016 dry season (from December 2015 to March 2016) in the state of Roraima. To achieve these objectives we first estimated the spatial pattern of precipitation anomalies, based on long-term data from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission), and the fire anomaly, based on MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) active fire detections during the referred period. Then, we integrated climatic and anthropogenic drivers in a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model to quantify fire probability, assessing (1) the model accuracy during the 2015-2016 and the 2016-2017 dry seasons; (2) the relative importance of each predictor variable on the model predictive performance; and (3) the response curves, showing how each environmental variable affects the fire probability. Approximately 59% (132,900 km
MeSH term(s)	Brazil ; Climate Change ; Droughts ; El Nino-Southern Oscillation ; Forests ; Seasons ; Time Factors ; Wildfires
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1074505-1
ISSN	1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
ISSN (online)	1939-5582
ISSN	1051-0761
DOI	10.1002/eap.1628
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Drought-induced Amazonian wildfires instigate a decadal-scale disruption of forest carbon dynamics.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

2018 Volume 373, Issue 1760

Abstract: Drought-induced wildfires have increased in frequency and extent over the tropics. Yet, the long-term (greater than 10 years) responses of Amazonian lowland forests to fire disturbance are poorly known. To understand post-fire forest biomass dynamics, ... ...

Abstract	Drought-induced wildfires have increased in frequency and extent over the tropics. Yet, the long-term (greater than 10 years) responses of Amazonian lowland forests to fire disturbance are poorly known. To understand post-fire forest biomass dynamics, and to assess the time required for fire-affected forests to recover to pre-disturbance levels, we combined 16 single with 182 multiple forest census into a unique large-scale and long-term dataset across the Brazilian Amazonia. We quantified biomass, mortality and wood productivity of burned plots along a chronosequence of up to 31 years post-fire and compared to surrounding unburned plots measured simultaneously. Stem mortality and growth were assessed among functional groups. At the plot level, we found that fire-affected forests have biomass levels 24.8 ± 6.9% below the biomass value of unburned control plots after 31 years. This lower biomass state results from the elevated levels of biomass loss through mortality, which is not sufficiently compensated for by wood productivity (incremental growth + recruitment). At the stem level, we found major changes in mortality and growth rates up to 11 years post-fire. The post-fire stem mortality rates exceeded unburned control plots by 680% (i.e. greater than 40 cm diameter at breast height (DBH); 5-8 years since last fire) and 315% (i.e. greater than 0.7 g cm
MeSH term(s)	Biomass ; Brazil ; Carbon Cycle ; Droughts ; Forests ; Seasons ; Trees/growth & development ; Wildfires ; Wood/analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208382-6
ISSN	1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
ISSN (online)	1471-2970
ISSN	0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
DOI	10.1098/rstb.2018.0043
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Article ; Online: Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Blundo, Cecilia / Carilla, Julieta / Grau, H. Ricardo / Malizia, Agustina / Malizia, Lucio / Osinaga-Acosta, Oriana / Bird, Michael / Bradford, Matt / Catchpole, Damien / Ford, Andrew / Graham, Andrew / Hilbert, David / Kemp, Jeanette / Laurance, Susan / Laurance, William / Ishida, Francoise Yoko / Marshall, Andrew / Waite, Catherine / Woell, Hannsjoerg /

Bastin, Jean-François / Bauters, Marijn / Beeckman, Hans / Boeckx, Pfascal / Bogaert, Jan / De Canniere, Charles / de Haulleville, Thales / Doucet, Jean-Louis / Hardy, Olivier / Hubau, Wannes / Kearsley, Elizabeth / Verbeeck, Hans / Vleminckx, Jason / Brewer, Steven W. / Alarcón, Alfredo / Araujo Murakami, Alejandro / Arets, Eric / Arroyo, Luzmila / Chávez Alcaraz, Ezequiel / Fredericksen, Todd / Villaroel, René Guillén / Sibauty, Gloria Gutierrez / Killeen, Timothy / Licona, Juan Carlos / Lleigue, John / Mendoza, Casimiro / Murakami, Samaria / Gutierrez, Alexander Parada / Pardo, Guido / Peña-Claros, Marielos / Poorter, L. / Toledo, Marisol / Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos / Viscarra, Laura Jessica / Vos, Vincent / Ahumada, Jorge / Almeida, Everton / Almeida, Jarcilene / de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida / da Cruz, Wesley Alves / de Oliveira, Atila Alves / Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim / Obermuller, Flávio Amorim / Andrade, Ana / Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes / Vieira, Simone Aparecida / Aquino, Ana Carla / Aragão, Luiz / Araújo, Ana Cláudia / Assis, Marco Antonio / Gomes, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin / Baccaro, Fabrício / de Camargo, Plínio Barbosa / Barni, Paulo / Barroso, Jorcely / Bernacci, Luis Carlos / Bordin, Kauane / Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante de / Broggio, Igor / Camargo, José Luís / Cardoso, Domingos / Carniello, Maria Antonia / Rochelle, Andre Luis Casarin / Castilho, Carolina / Castro, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias / Castro, Wendeson / Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto / Costa, Flavia / de Oliveira, Rodrigo Costa / Coutinho, Italo / Cunha, John / da Costa, Lola / Ferreira, Lúcia da Costa / da Costa Silva, Richarlly / da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Marta / de Andrade Kamimura, Vitor / de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante / de Oliveira Melo, Lia / de Queiroz, Luciano / de Sousa Lima, José Romualdo / do Espírito Santo, Mário / Domingues, Tomas / dos Santos Prestes, Nayane Cristina / Carneiro, Steffan Eduardo Silva / Elías, Fernando / Eliseu, Gabriel / Emilio, Thaise / Farrapo, Camila Laís / Fernandes, Letícia / Ferreira, Gustavo L. / Ferreira, Joice / Ferreira, Leandro / Ferreira, Socorro / Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni / Freitas, Maria Aparecida / García, Queila S. / Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto / Graça, Paulo / Guilherme, Frederico / Hase, Eduardo / Higuchi, Niro / Iguatemy, Mariana / Barbosa, Reinaldo Imbrozio / Jaramillo, Margarita / Joly, Carlos / Klipel, Joice / Amaral, Iêda Leão do / Levis, Carolina / Lima, Antonio S. / Dan, Maurício Lima / Lopes, Aline / Madeiros, Herison / Magnusson, William E. / dos Santos, Rubens Manoel / Marimon, Beatriz / Junior, Ben Hur Marimon / Grillo, Roberta Marotti Martelletti / Martinelli, Luiz / Reis, Simone Matias / Medeiros, Salomão / Meira-Junior, Milton / Metzker, Thiago / Morandi, Paulo / do Nascimento, Natanael Moreira / Moura, Magna / Müller, Sandra Cristina / Nagy, László / Nascimento, Henrique / Nascimento, Marcelo / Lima, Adriano Nogueira / de Araújo, Raimunda Oliveira / Silva, Jhonathan Oliveira / Pansonato, Marcelo / Sabino, Gabriel Pavan / de Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra / Rodrigues, Pablo José Francisco Pena / Piedade, Maria / Rodrigues, Domingos / Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto / Quesada, Carlos / Ramos, Eliana / Ramos, Rafael / Rodrigues, Priscyla / de Sousa, Thaiane Rodrigues / Salomão, Rafael / Santana, Flávia / Scaranello, Marcos / Bergamin, Rodrigo Scarton / Schietti, Juliana / Schöngart, Jochen / Schwartz, Gustavo / Silva, Natalino / Silveira, Marcos / Seixas, Cristiana Simão / Simbine, Marta / Souza, Ana Claudia / Souza, Priscila / Souza, Rodolfo / Sposito, Tereza / Junior, Edson Stefani / do Vale, Julio Daniel / Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães / Villela, Dora / Vital, Marcos / Xaud, Haron / Zanini, Katia / Zartman, Charles E. / Ideris, Nur Khalish Hafizhah / Metali, Faizah binti Hj / Salim, Kamariah Abu / Saparudin, Muhd Shahruney / Serudin, Rafizah Mat / Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria / Begne, Serge / Chuyong, George / Djuikouo, Marie Noel / Gonmadje, Christelle / Simo-Droissart, Murielle / Sonké, Bonaventure / Taedoumg, Hermann / Zemagho, Lise / Thomas, Sean / Baya, Fidèle / Saiz, Gustavo / Espejo, Javier Silva / Chen, Dexiang / Hamilton, Alan / Li, Yide / Luo, Tushou / Niu, Shukui / Xu, Han / Zhou, Zhang / Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban / Escobar, Juan Carlos Andrés / Arellano-Peña, Henry / Duarte, Jaime Cabezas / Calderón, Jhon / Bravo, Lina Maria Corrales / Cuadrado, Borish / Cuadros, Hermes / Duque, Alvaro / Duque, Luisa Fernanda / Espinosa, Sandra Milena / Franke-Ante, Rebeca / García, Hernando / Gómez, Alejandro / González-M., Roy / Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro / Jimenez, Eliana / Jurado, Rubén / Oviedo, Wilmar López / López Camacho, René / Cruz, Omar Aurelio Melo / Polo, Irina Mendoza / Paky, Edwin / Perez, Karen / Pijachi, Angel / Pizano, Camila / Prieto, Adriana / Ramos, Laura / Correa, Zorayda Restrepo / Richardson, James / Rodríguez, Elkin / Rodriguez M., Gina M. / Rudas, Agustín / Stevenson, Pablo / Chudomelová, Markéta / Dancak, Martin / Hédl, Radim / Lhota, Stanislav / Svatek, Martin / Mukinzi, Jacques / Ewango, Corneille / Hart, Terese / Yakusu, Emmanuel Kasongo / Lisingo, Janvier / Makana, Jean-Remy / Mbayu, Faustin / Toirambe, Benjamin / Mukendi, John Tshibamba / Kvist, Lars / Nebel, Gustav / Baéz, Selene / Céron, Carlos / Griffith, Daniel M. / Andino, Juan Ernesto Guevara / Neill, David / Palacios, Walter / Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina / Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo / Villa, Gorky / Demissie, Sheleme / Gole, Tadesse / Gonfa, Techane / Ruokolainen, Kalle / Baisie, Michel / Bénédet, Fabrice / Betian, Wemo / Bezard, Vincent / Bonal, Damien / Chave, Jérôme / Droissart, Vincent / Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie / Hladik, Annette / Labrière, Nicolas / Naisso, Pétrus / Réjou-Méchain, Maxime / Sist, Plinio / Blanc, Lilian / Burban, Benoit / Derroire, Géraldine / Dourdain, Aurélie / Stahl, Clement / Bengone, Natacha Nssi / Chezeaux, Eric / Ondo, Fidèle Evouna / Medjibe, Vincent / Mihindou, Vianet / White, Lee / Culmsee, Heike / Rangel, Cristabel Durán / Horna, Viviana / Wittmann, Florian / Adu-Bredu, Stephen / Affum-Baffoe, Kofi / Foli, Ernest / Balinga, Michael / Roopsind, Anand / Singh, James / Thomas, Raquel / Zagt, Roderick / Murthy, Indu K. / Kartawinata, Kuswata / Mirmanto, Edi / Priyadi, Hari / Samsoedin, Ismayadi / Sunderland, Terry / Yassir, Ishak / Rovero, Francesco / Vinceti, Barbara / Hérault, Bruno / Aiba, Shin-Ichiro / Kitayama, Kanehiro / Daniels, Armandu / Tuagben, Darlington / Woods, John T. / Fitriadi, Muhammad / Karolus, Alexander / Khoon, Kho Lip / Majalap, Noreen / Maycock, Colin / Nilus, Reuben / Tan, Sylvester / Sitoe, Almeida / Coronado G., Indiana / Ojo, Lucas / de Assis, Rafael / Poulsen, Axel Dalberg / Sheil, Douglas / Pezo, Karen Arévalo / Verde, Hans Buttgenbach / Moscoso, Victor Chama / Oroche, Jimmy Cesar Cordova / Valverde, Fernando Cornejo / Medina, Massiel Corrales / Cardozo, Nallaret Davila / de Rutte Corzo, Jano / del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon / Llampazo, Gerardo Flores / Freitas, Luis / Cabrera, Darcy Galiano / Villacorta, Roosevelt 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Biological conservation. 2020 Oct. 23, p.108849-

2020 , Page(s) 108849–

Abstract: Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. ... ...

Institution	ForestPlots.net
Abstract	Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests.
Keywords	biodiversity ; biosphere ; carbon ; carbon sinks ; climate ; climate change ; ecosystems ; information management ; models ; tropical forests ; Africa ; South America ; South East Asia ; Amazonia ; Southeast Asia ; Rainforest ; RAINFOR ; AfriTRON ; Species richness ; Forest plots ; Permanent sample plots ; Monitoring ; Dynamics ; Carbon sink ; Global change ; Ecology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-1023
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; Pre-press version
ISSN	0006-3207
DOI	10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108849
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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