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Article ; Online: In vitro evaluation of therapeutic antibodies against a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529 isolate

Franck Touret / Cécile Baronti / Hawa Sophia Bouzidi / Xavier de Lamballerie

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 5

Abstract: Abstract The emergence and rapid spread of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, which has more than 30 substitutions in the spike glycoprotein, compromises the efficacy of currently available vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. Using a clinical strain of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The emergence and rapid spread of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, which has more than 30 substitutions in the spike glycoprotein, compromises the efficacy of currently available vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. Using a clinical strain of the Omicron variant, we analyzed the neutralizing power of eight currently used monoclonal antibodies compared to the ancestral B.1 BavPat1 D614G strain. We observed that six of these antibodies have lost their ability to neutralize the Omicron variant. Of the antibodies still having neutralizing activity, Sotrovimab/Vir-7831 shows the smallest reduction in activity, with a factor change of 3.1. Cilgavimab/AZD1061 alone shows a reduction in efficacy of 15.8, resulting in a significant loss of activity for the Evusheld cocktail (42.6-fold reduction) in which the other antibody, Tixagevimab, does not retain significant activity against Omicron. Our results suggest that the clinical efficacy of the initially proposed doses should be rapidly evaluated and the possible need to modify doses or propose combination therapies should be considered.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in children

Lisandru Capai / Shirley Masse / Nathanaël Hozé / Dorine Decarreaux / Jean Canarelli / Marie-Hélène Simeoni / Xavier de Lamballerie / Alessandra Falchi / Rémi Charrel

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

very early exposure in young children in a hyperendemic region

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: Background and objectivesHepatitis E virus (HEV) can be considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen and is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in high-income countries. Corsica has been identified as a hyperendemic region for HEV. We aimed to ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectivesHepatitis E virus (HEV) can be considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen and is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in high-income countries. Corsica has been identified as a hyperendemic region for HEV. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of IgG among children and estimate the annual force of infection of HEV.MethodsFrom April 2020 to June 2021, we collected 856 “residual sera” in 13 medical biology laboratories. Sera were tested using the Wantaï HEV IgG assay. Data were weighted according to the distribution by sex and age of the real Corsican population. Serocatalytic models were applied to assess the annual force of infection of HEV.ResultsThe weighted seroprevalence was 30.33% [27.15–34.0]. The seroprevalence was only associated with increasing age (7.25–40.52%; p < 0.001). The annual probability of infection was 5.4% for adults and children above 10-year-old and 2.2% for children under 10 yo.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that in the hyperendemic island of Corsica, (i) exposure of the population to HEV is homogeneous at the spatial level with no difference between genders; (ii) HEV exposure occurs from birth, resulting in 7.4% seropositivity at the age of 4 years; and (iii) super exposure is observed after the age of 9 years. Accordingly, specific studies should be conducted to determine the breadth of the situation identified in our study. The role of the environment and its contamination by domestic or wild swine excreta should be investigated using a One Health approach.
Keywords	hepatitis E virus ; serosurvey ; hyperendemic area ; children ; epidemiology ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Detection of porcine enteric viruses (Kobuvirus, Mamastrovirus and Sapelovirus) in domestic pigs in Corsica, France.

Lisandru Capai / Géraldine Piorkowski / Oscar Maestrini / François Casabianca / Shirley Masse / Xavier de Lamballerie / Rémi N Charrel / Alessandra Falchi

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 1, p e

2022 Volume 0260161

Abstract: Many enteric viruses are found in pig farms around the world and can cause death of animals or important production losses for breeders. Among the wide spectrum of enteric viral species, porcine Sapelovirus (PSV), porcine Kobuvirus (PKoV) and porcine ... ...

Abstract	Many enteric viruses are found in pig farms around the world and can cause death of animals or important production losses for breeders. Among the wide spectrum of enteric viral species, porcine Sapelovirus (PSV), porcine Kobuvirus (PKoV) and porcine Astrovirus (PAstV) are frequently found in pig feces. In this study we investigated sixteen pig farms in Corsica, France, to evaluate the circulation of three enteric viruses (PKoV, PAstV-1 and PSV). In addition to the three viruses studied by RT-qPCR (908 pig feces samples), 26 stool samples were tested using the Next Generation Sequencing method (NGS). Our results showed viral RNA detection rates (i) of 62.0% [58.7-65.1] (n = 563/908) for PSV, (ii) of 44.8% [41.5-48.1] (n = 407/908) for PKoV and (iii) of 8.6% [6.8-10.6] (n = 78/908) for PAstV-1. Significant differences were observed for all three viruses according to age (P-value = 2.4e-13 for PAstV-1; 2.4e-12 for PKoV and 0.005 for PSV). The type of breeding was significantly associated with RNA detection only for PAstV-1 (P-value = 9.6e-6). Among the 26 samples tested with NGS method, consensus sequences corresponding to 10 different species of virus were detected. This study provides first insight on the presence of three common porcine enteric viruses in France. We also showed that they are frequently encountered in pigs born and bred in Corsica, which demonstrates endemic local circulation.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prolonged Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in Fomites

Boris Pastorino / Franck Touret / Magali Gilles / Xavier de Lamballerie / Rémi N. Charrel

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 26, Iss 9, Pp 2256-

2020 Volume 2257

Abstract: We spotted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on polystyrene plastic, aluminum, and glass for 96 hours with and without bovine serum albumin (3 g/L). We observed a steady infectivity (<1 log10 drop) on plastic, a 3.5 log10 decrease on glass, ...

Abstract	We spotted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on polystyrene plastic, aluminum, and glass for 96 hours with and without bovine serum albumin (3 g/L). We observed a steady infectivity (<1 log10 drop) on plastic, a 3.5 log10 decrease on glass, and a 6 log10 drop on aluminum. The presence of proteins noticeably prolonged infectivity.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; SARS ; 2019 coronavirus disease ; zoonoses ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Heat Inactivation of Different Types of SARS-CoV-2 Samples

Boris Pastorino / Franck Touret / Magali Gilles / Xavier de Lamballerie / Remi N. Charrel

Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 735, p

What Protocols for Biosafety, Molecular Detection and Serological Diagnostics?

2020 Volume 735

Abstract: Standard precautions to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission implies that infected cell cultures and clinical specimens may undergo some sort of inactivation to reduce or abolish infectivity. We evaluated three heat inactivation protocols (56 °C- ... ...

Abstract	Standard precautions to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission implies that infected cell cultures and clinical specimens may undergo some sort of inactivation to reduce or abolish infectivity. We evaluated three heat inactivation protocols (56 °C-30 min, 60 °C-60 min and 92 °C-15 min) on SARS-CoV-2 using (i) infected cell culture supernatant, (ii) virus-spiked human sera (iii) and nasopharyngeal samples according to the recommendations of the European norm NF EN 14476-A2. Regardless of the protocol and the type of samples, a 4 Log 10 TCID50 reduction was observed. However, samples containing viral loads > 6 Log 10 TCID 50 were still infectious after 56 °C-30 min and 60 °C-60 min, although infectivity was < 10 TCID 50 . The protocols 56 °C-30 min and 60 °C-60 min had little influence on the RNA copies detection, whereas 92 °C-15 min drastically reduced the limit of detection, which suggests that this protocol should be avoided for inactivation ahead of molecular diagnostics. Lastly, 56 °C-30 min treatment of serum specimens had a negligible influence on the results of IgG detection using a commercial ELISA test, whereas a drastic decrease in neutralizing titers was observed.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; coronavirus ; heat inactivation ; COVID-19 ; serology ; ELISA ; Microbiology ; QR1-502 ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of Chemical Protocols for Inactivating SARS-CoV-2 Infectious Samples

Boris Pastorino / Franck Touret / Magali Gilles / Lea Luciani / Xavier de Lamballerie / Remi N. Charrel

Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 624, p

2020 Volume 624

Abstract: Clinical samples collected in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), patients are commonly manipulated in biosafety level 2 laboratories for molecular diagnostic purposes. Here, we tested French norm NF-EN-14476+A2 derived from European standard EN-14885 to ... ...

Abstract	Clinical samples collected in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), patients are commonly manipulated in biosafety level 2 laboratories for molecular diagnostic purposes. Here, we tested French norm NF-EN-14476+A2 derived from European standard EN-14885 to assess the risk of manipulating infectious viruses prior to RNA extraction. SARS-CoV-2 cell-culture supernatant and nasopharyngeal samples (virus-spiked samples and clinical samples collected in COVID-19 patients) were used to measure the reduction of infectivity after 10 minute contact with lysis buffer containing various detergents and chaotropic agents. A total of thirteen protocols were evaluated. Two commercially available formulations showed the ability to reduce infectivity by at least 6 log 10, whereas others proved less effective.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; coronavirus ; extraction buffer ; COVID-19 ; inactivation ; lysis buffer ; Microbiology ; QR1-502 ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The safety profile of favipiravir should not be the first argument to suspend its evaluation in viral hemorrhagic fevers.

Denis Malvy / Anne-Marie Taburet / Xavier de Lamballerie / France Mentre / Fabrice Extramiana

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 6, p e

2020 Volume 0008259

Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence surveys in blood donors before the vaccination campaign, France 2020-2021

Pierre Gallian / Nathanaël Hozé / Nadège Brisbarre / Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel / Elif Nurtop / Christine Isnard / Boris Pastorino / Pascale Richard / Pascal Morel / Simon Cauchemez / Xavier de Lamballerie

iScience, Vol 26, Iss 4, Pp 106222- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Summary: We conducted a cross-sectional study for SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 IgG prevalence in French blood donors (n = 32605), from March-2020 to January-2021. A mathematical model combined seroprevalence with a daily number of hospital admissions to estimate ... ...

Abstract	Summary: We conducted a cross-sectional study for SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 IgG prevalence in French blood donors (n = 32605), from March-2020 to January-2021. A mathematical model combined seroprevalence with a daily number of hospital admissions to estimate the probability of hospitalization upon infection and determine the number of infections while correcting for antibody decay. There was an overall seroprevalence increase over the study period and we estimate that ∼15% of the French population had been infected by SARS-CoV-2 by January-2021. The infection/hospitalization ratio increased with age, from 0.31% (18-30yo) to 4.5% (61-70yo). Half of the IgG-S1 positive individuals had no detectable antibodies 4 to 5 months after infection. The seroprevalence in group O donors (7.43%) was lower (p = 0.003) than in A, B, and AB donors (8.90%). We conclude, based on seroprevalence data and mathematical modeling, that a large proportion of the French population was unprotected against severe disease prior to the vaccination campaign.
Keywords	Immunology ; Immune response ; Virology ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Biosafety and Biosecurity in European Containment Level 3 Laboratories

Boris Pastorino / Xavier de Lamballerie / Rémi Charrel

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

Focus on French Recent Progress and Essential Requirements

2017 Volume 5

Abstract: Even if European Union (EU) Member States are obliged to implement EU Directives 2000/54/EC on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work, national biosafety regulations and practices varied from country to ... ...

Abstract	Even if European Union (EU) Member States are obliged to implement EU Directives 2000/54/EC on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work, national biosafety regulations and practices varied from country to country. In fact, EU legislation on biological agents and genetically modified microorganisms is often not specific enough to ensure harmonization leading to difficulties in implementation for most laboratories. In the same way, biosecurity is a relatively new concept and a few EU Member States are known to have introduced national laboratory biosecurity legislation. In France, recent regulations have reinforced biosafety/biosecurity in containment level 3 (CL-3) laboratories but they concern a specific list of pathogens with no correlation in other European Members States. The objective of this review was to summarize European biosafety/biosecurity measures concerning CL-3 facilities focusing on French specificities. Essential requirements needed to preserve efficient biosafety measures when manipulating risk group 3 biological agents are highlighted. In addition, International, European and French standards related to containment laboratory planning, operation or biosafety equipment are described to clarify optimal biosafety and biosecurity requirements.
Keywords	biosafety ; BSL-3 ; European union ; regulations ; infectious disease transmission ; vertical ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Enhanced neutralization escape to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 omicron sub-lineages

Franck Touret / Emilie Giraud / Jérôme Bourret / Flora Donati / Jaouen Tran-Rajau / Jeanne Chiaravalli / Frédéric Lemoine / Fabrice Agou / Etienne Simon-Lorière / Sylvie van der Werf / Xavier de Lamballerie

iScience, Vol 26, Iss 4, Pp 106413- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Summary: The landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants dramatically diversified with the simultaneous appearance of multiple subvariants originating from BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 Omicron sub-lineages. They harbor a specific set of mutations in the spike that can make ...

Abstract	Summary: The landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants dramatically diversified with the simultaneous appearance of multiple subvariants originating from BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 Omicron sub-lineages. They harbor a specific set of mutations in the spike that can make them more evasive to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. In this study, we compared the neutralizing potential of monoclonal antibodies against the Omicron BA.2.75.2, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, and XBB variants, with a pre-Omicron Delta variant as a reference. Sotrovimab retains some activity against BA.2.75.2, BQ.1, and XBB as it did against BA.2/BA.5, but is less active against BQ.1.1. Within the Evusheld/AZD7442 cocktail, Cilgavimab lost all activity against all subvariants studied, resulting in loss of Evusheld activity. Finally, Bebtelovimab, while still active against BA.2.75, also lost all neutralizing activity against BQ.1, BQ.1.1, and XBB variants.
Keywords	Components of the immune system ; Virology ; Biochemical analysis ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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