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Article: Report 30: The COVID-19 Epidemic Trends and Control Measures in Mainland China

Fu, Han Xi Xiaoyue Wang Haowei Boonyasiri Adhiratha Wang Yuanrong Imperial College London https www imperial ac uk

Abstract: From the Introduction: The Imperial College London COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Response Team initiated activities of data collation in mid-January, to understand the COVID-19 epidemic in China and its potential impact on other countries The ... ...

Abstract	From the Introduction: The Imperial College London COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Response Team initiated activities of data collation in mid-January, to understand the COVID-19 epidemic in China and its potential impact on other countries The Imperial Team, together with volunteers, made considerable efforts to collate aggregated data as well as individual patient information from publicly available, national and local situation reports published by health authorities in China Part of these collated data have been used to inform transmission dynamics and epidemiology of COIVD-19 in several studies of the Team, including disease severity and fatality, phylodynamics in Shandong, and the association between inner-city movement and transmission We additionally reviewed control measures, school reopening, and work resumption that may relate to the trends across provinces in China [ ] In this report, we publish the collated data and conduct a descriptive analysis of the subnational epidemic trends and interventions Drawing on epidemic progression and response measures in Chinese provinces affected by COVID-19 early on may provide insights for policy planning in other countries COVID-19 (Disease);Epidemiology;Public health
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #740234
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: From luminescence quenching to high-efficiency phosphorescence: a theoretical study on the monomeric and dimeric forms of platinum(II) complexes with both 2-pyridylimidazol-2-ylidene and bipyrazolate chelates.

Zhang, Bo-Hua / Li, Jun-An / Wang, Min / Ren, Ai-Min / He, Teng-Fei / Lin, Pan-Pan / Zhang, Yun-Li / Xi, Xiao-Yue / Zou, Lu-Yi

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP

2021 Volume 23, Issue 9, Page(s) 5652–5664

Abstract: To develop solid-state light-emitting materials with high luminescence efficiency, determining the potential photophysics and luminescence mechanisms of the aggregation state remains a challenge and a priority. Here, we apply density functional theory to ...

Abstract	To develop solid-state light-emitting materials with high luminescence efficiency, determining the potential photophysics and luminescence mechanisms of the aggregation state remains a challenge and a priority. Here, we apply density functional theory to study the photophysical properties of a series of square planar Pt(ii) complexes in both monomeric and dimeric forms. We reveal that four monomeric Pt(ii) complexes are dominated by triplet ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer, and the lack of the triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer feature results in weak spin-orbit coupling (SOC), which leads to limited radiative rates; moreover, calculated nonradiative transition rates are one or two orders of magnitude higher than those radiative rates because a large amount of reorganization energy caused by the vibration of the bipyrazolate (bipz) ligand cannot be readily suppressed in the monomeric form. Therefore, four monomers exhibit photoluminescence quenching in CH2Cl2 solution in both theoretical calculations and experiments. However, in the solid state, the intense luminescence phenomenon indicates obviously distinct properties between the monomer and aggregation. We carried out a dimer model to interpret that the interaction of PtPt induces a metal-metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excimeric state, which leads more metal components to participate in the charge transfer and enhance the SOC effect. At the same time, the ligand vibration can be significantly reduced by the shortened distance, and there is a strong π-π packing interaction in the dimer; thus, an excellent quantum yield can be achieved in aggregation. In addition, we disclose that introducing bulky substituents bearing electron-donating groups at R' and R'' positions have little effect on the properties of the monomers; however, there is a benefit of restricting the internal reorganization energy through the intermolecular interaction when packing in the solid state. Therefore, substitutions can be tuned to improve the properties of monomers (such as emission energy and reorganization energy). We hope that our work will shine some light on Pt(ii) emitters in the fabrication of efficient OLEDs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1476244-4
ISSN	1463-9084 ; 1463-9076
ISSN (online)	1463-9084
ISSN	1463-9076
DOI	10.1039/d0cp06269c
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Phylogenetic and Demographic Characterization of Directed HIV-1 Transmission Using Deep Sequences from High-Risk and General Population Cohorts/Groups in Uganda.

Bbosa, Nicholas / Ssemwanga, Deogratius / Ssekagiri, Alfred / Xi, Xiaoyue / Mayanja, Yunia / Bahemuka, Ubaldo / Seeley, Janet / Pillay, Deenan / Abeler-Dörner, Lucie / Golubchik, Tanya / Fraser, Christophe / Kaleebu, Pontiano / Ratmann, Oliver

Viruses

2020 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: Across sub-Saharan Africa, key populations with elevated HIV-1 incidence and/or prevalence have been identified, but their contribution to disease spread remains unclear. We performed viral deep-sequence phylogenetic analyses to quantify transmission ... ...

Abstract	Across sub-Saharan Africa, key populations with elevated HIV-1 incidence and/or prevalence have been identified, but their contribution to disease spread remains unclear. We performed viral deep-sequence phylogenetic analyses to quantify transmission dynamics between the general population (GP), fisherfolk communities (FF), and women at high risk of infection and their clients (WHR) in central and southwestern Uganda. Between August 2014 and August 2017, 6185 HIV-1 positive individuals were enrolled in 3 GP and 10 FF communities, 3 WHR enrollment sites. A total of 2531 antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve participants with plasma viral load >1000 copies/mL were deep-sequenced. One hundred and twenty-three transmission networks were reconstructed, including 105 phylogenetically highly supported source-recipient pairs. Only one pair involved a WHR and male participant, suggesting that improved population sampling is needed to assess empirically the role of WHR to the transmission dynamics. More transmissions were observed from the GP communities to FF communities than vice versa, with an estimated flow ratio of 1.56 (95% CrI 0.68-3.72), indicating that fishing communities on Lake Victoria are not a net source of transmission flow to neighboring communities further inland. Men contributed disproportionally to HIV-1 transmission flow regardless of age, suggesting that prevention efforts need to better aid men to engage with and stay in care.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Algorithms ; Female ; Genome, Viral ; Genomics/methods ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/transmission ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/physiology ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Phylogeny ; Population Surveillance ; Uganda/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v12030331
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Longitudinal population-level HIV epidemiologic and genomic surveillance highlights growing gender disparity of HIV transmission in Uganda.

Monod, Mélodie / Brizzi, Andrea / Galiwango, Ronald M / Ssekubugu, Robert / Chen, Yu / Xi, Xiaoyue / Kankaka, Edward Nelson / Ssempijja, Victor / Abeler-Dörner, Lucie / Akullian, Adam / Blenkinsop, Alexandra / Bonsall, David / Chang, Larry W / Dan, Shozen / Fraser, Christophe / Golubchik, Tanya / Gray, Ronald H / Hall, Matthew / Jackson, Jade C /

Kigozi, Godfrey / Laeyendecker, Oliver / Mills, Lisa A / Quinn, Thomas C / Reynolds, Steven J / Santelli, John / Sewankambo, Nelson K / Spencer, Simon E F / Ssekasanvu, Joseph / Thomson, Laura / Wawer, Maria J / Serwadda, David / Godfrey-Faussett, Peter / Kagaayi, Joseph / Grabowski, M Kate / Ratmann, Oliver

Nature microbiology

2023 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 35–54

Abstract: HIV incidence in eastern and southern Africa has historically been concentrated among girls and women aged 15-24 years. As new cases decline with HIV interventions, population-level infection dynamics may shift by age and gender. Here, we integrated ... ...

Abstract	HIV incidence in eastern and southern Africa has historically been concentrated among girls and women aged 15-24 years. As new cases decline with HIV interventions, population-level infection dynamics may shift by age and gender. Here, we integrated population-based surveillance of 38,749 participants in the Rakai Community Cohort Study and longitudinal deep-sequence viral phylogenetics to assess how HIV incidence and population groups driving transmission have changed from 2003 to 2018 in Uganda. We observed 1,117 individuals in the incidence cohort and 1,978 individuals in the transmission cohort. HIV viral suppression increased more rapidly in women than men, however incidence declined more slowly in women than men. We found that age-specific transmission flows shifted: whereas HIV transmission to girls and women (aged 15-24 years) from older men declined by about one-third, transmission to women (aged 25-34 years) from men that were 0-6 years older increased by half in 2003 to 2018. Based on changes in transmission flows, we estimated that closing the gender gap in viral suppression could have reduced HIV incidence in women by half in 2018. This study suggests that HIV programmes to increase HIV suppression in men are critical to reduce incidence in women, close gender gaps in infection burden and improve men's health in Africa.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Uganda/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Genomics ; Incidence
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2058-5276
ISSN (online)	2058-5276
DOI	10.1038/s41564-023-01530-8
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Article: Longitudinal population-level HIV epidemiologic and genomic surveillance highlights growing gender disparity of HIV transmission in Uganda.

Monod, Mélodie / Brizzi, Andrea / Galiwango, Ronald M / Ssekubugu, Robert / Chen, Yu / Xi, Xiaoyue / Kankaka, Edward Nelson / Ssempijja, Victor / Dörner, Lucie Abeler / Akullian, Adam / Blenkinsop, Alexandra / Bonsall, David / Chang, Larry W / Dan, Shozen / Fraser, Christophe / Golubchik, Tanya / Gray, Ronald H / Hall, Matthew / Jackson, Jade C /

Kigozi, Godfrey / Laeyendecker, Oliver / Mills, Lisa A / Quinn, Thomas C / Reynolds, Steven J / Santelli, John / Sewankambo, Nelson K / Spencer, Simon Ef / Ssekasanvu, Joseph / Thomson, Laura / Wawer, Maria J / Serwadda, David / Godfrey-Faussett, Peter / Kagaayi, Joseph / Grabowski, M Kate / Ratmann, Oliver

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2023

Abstract	HIV incidence in eastern and southern Africa has historically been concentrated among girls and women aged 15-24 years. As new cases decline with HIV interventions, population-level infection dynamics may shift by age and gender. Here, we integrated population-based surveillance of 38,749 participants in the Rakai Community Cohort Study and longitudinal deep sequence viral phylogenetics to assess how HIV incidence and population groups driving transmission have changed from 2003 to 2018 in Uganda. We observed 1,117 individuals in the incidence cohort and 1,978 individuals in the transmission cohort. HIV viral suppression increased more rapidly in women than men, however incidence declined more slowly in women than men. We found that age-specific transmission flows shifted, while HIV transmission to girls and women (aged 15-24 years) from older men declined by about one third, transmission to women (aged 25-34 years) from men that were 0-6 years older increased by half in 2003 to 2018. Based on changes in transmission flows, we estimated that closing the gender gap in viral suppression could have reduced HIV incidence in women by half in 2018. This study suggests that HIV programs to increase HIV suppression in men are critical to reduce incidence in women, close gender gaps in infection burden and improve men's health in Africa.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.03.16.23287351
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Article: Genomic epidemiology of a densely sampled COVID-19 outbreak in China.

Virus evolution

2021 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) veaa102

Abstract: Analysis of genetic sequence data from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can provide insights into epidemic origins, worldwide dispersal, and epidemiological history. With few exceptions, genomic epidemiological analysis has focused on geographically distributed ... ...

Abstract	Analysis of genetic sequence data from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can provide insights into epidemic origins, worldwide dispersal, and epidemiological history. With few exceptions, genomic epidemiological analysis has focused on geographically distributed data sets with few isolates in any given location. Here, we report an analysis of 20 whole SARS- CoV-2 genomes from a single relatively small and geographically constrained outbreak in Weifang, People's Republic of China. Using Bayesian model-based phylodynamic methods, we estimate a mean basic reproduction number (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2818949-8
ISSN	2057-1577
ISSN	2057-1577
DOI	10.1093/ve/veaa102
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Article: Phylogenetic and Demographic Characterization of Directed HIV-1 Transmission Using Deep Sequences from High-Risk and General Population Cohorts/Groups in Uganda

Viruses. 2020 Mar. 18, v. 12, no. 3

2020

Abstract	Across sub-Saharan Africa, key populations with elevated HIV-1 incidence and/or prevalence have been identified, but their contribution to disease spread remains unclear. We performed viral deep-sequence phylogenetic analyses to quantify transmission dynamics between the general population (GP), fisherfolk communities (FF), and women at high risk of infection and their clients (WHR) in central and southwestern Uganda. Between August 2014 and August 2017, 6185 HIV-1 positive individuals were enrolled in 3 GP and 10 FF communities, 3 WHR enrollment sites. A total of 2531 antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve participants with plasma viral load >1000 copies/mL were deep-sequenced. One hundred and twenty-three transmission networks were reconstructed, including 105 phylogenetically highly supported source–recipient pairs. Only one pair involved a WHR and male participant, suggesting that improved population sampling is needed to assess empirically the role of WHR to the transmission dynamics. More transmissions were observed from the GP communities to FF communities than vice versa, with an estimated flow ratio of 1.56 (95% CrI 0.68–3.72), indicating that fishing communities on Lake Victoria are not a net source of transmission flow to neighboring communities further inland. Men contributed disproportionally to HIV-1 transmission flow regardless of age, suggesting that prevention efforts need to better aid men to engage with and stay in care.
Keywords	Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ; antiretroviral agents ; fisheries ; males ; men ; phylogeny ; risk ; therapeutics ; viral load ; women ; Lake Victoria ; Uganda
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0318
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v12030331
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Estimating the number of undetected COVID-19 cases among travellers from mainland China.

Bhatia, Sangeeta / Imai, Natsuko / Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina / Baguelin, Marc / Boonyasiri, Adhiratha / Cori, Anne / Cucunubá, Zulma / Dorigatti, Ilaria / FitzJohn, Rich / Fu, Han / Gaythorpe, Katy / Ghani, Azra / Hamlet, Arran / Hinsley, Wes / Laydon, Daniel / Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma / Okell, Lucy / Riley, Steven / Thompson, Hayley /

van Elsland, Sabine / Volz, Erik / Wang, Haowei / Wang, Yuanrong / Whittaker, Charles / Xi, Xiaoyue / Donnelly, Christl A / Ferguson, Neil M

Wellcome open research

2021 Volume 5, Page(s) 143

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2398-502X
ISSN	2398-502X
DOI	10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15805.3
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Article ; Online: Age groups that sustain resurging COVID-19 epidemics in the United States.

Monod, Mélodie / Blenkinsop, Alexandra / Xi, Xiaoyue / Hebert, Daniel / Bershan, Sivan / Tietze, Simon / Baguelin, Marc / Bradley, Valerie C / Chen, Yu / Coupland, Helen / Filippi, Sarah / Ish-Horowicz, Jonathan / McManus, Martin / Mellan, Thomas / Gandy, Axel / Hutchinson, Michael / Unwin, H Juliette T / van Elsland, Sabine L / Vollmer, Michaela A C /

Weber, Sebastian / Zhu, Harrison / Bezancon, Anne / Ferguson, Neil M / Mishra, Swapnil / Flaxman, Seth / Bhatt, Samir / Ratmann, Oliver

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2021 Volume 371, Issue 6536

Abstract: After initial declines, in mid-2020 a resurgence in transmission of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred in the United States and Europe. As efforts to control COVID-19 disease are reintensified, understanding the age demographics driving ... ...

Abstract	After initial declines, in mid-2020 a resurgence in transmission of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred in the United States and Europe. As efforts to control COVID-19 disease are reintensified, understanding the age demographics driving transmission and how these affect the loosening of interventions is crucial. We analyze aggregated, age-specific mobility trends from more than 10 million individuals in the United States and link these mechanistically to age-specific COVID-19 mortality data. We estimate that as of October 2020, individuals aged 20 to 49 are the only age groups sustaining resurgent SARS-CoV-2 transmission with reproduction numbers well above one and that at least 65 of 100 COVID-19 infections originate from individuals aged 20 to 49 in the United States. Targeting interventions-including transmission-blocking vaccines-to adults aged 20 to 49 is an important consideration in halting resurgent epidemics and preventing COVID-19-attributable deaths.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Basic Reproduction Number ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Cell Phone ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Communicable Disease Control ; Epidemics/prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Schools ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.abe8372
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Article ; Online: Key epidemiological drivers and impact of interventions in the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England.

Knock, Edward S / Whittles, Lilith K / Lees, John A / Perez-Guzman, Pablo N / Verity, Robert / FitzJohn, Richard G / Gaythorpe, Katy A M / Imai, Natsuko / Hinsley, Wes / Okell, Lucy C / Rosello, Alicia / Kantas, Nikolas / Walters, Caroline E / Bhatia, Sangeeta / Watson, Oliver J / Whittaker, Charlie / Cattarino, Lorenzo / Boonyasiri, Adhiratha / Djaafara, Bimandra A /

Fraser, Keith / Fu, Han / Wang, Haowei / Xi, Xiaoyue / Donnelly, Christl A / Jauneikaite, Elita / Laydon, Daniel J / White, Peter J / Ghani, Azra C / Ferguson, Neil M / Cori, Anne / Baguelin, Marc

Science translational medicine

2021 Volume 13, Issue 602

Abstract: We fitted a model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in care homes and the community to regional surveillance data for England. Compared with other approaches, our model provides a synthesis of multiple surveillance data streams into a single coherent modeling ... ...

Abstract	We fitted a model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in care homes and the community to regional surveillance data for England. Compared with other approaches, our model provides a synthesis of multiple surveillance data streams into a single coherent modeling framework, allowing transmission and severity to be disentangled from features of the surveillance system. Of the control measures implemented, only national lockdown brought the reproduction number (
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; England/epidemiology ; Epidemics ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2518854-9
ISSN	1946-6242 ; 1946-6234
ISSN (online)	1946-6242
ISSN	1946-6234
DOI	10.1126/scitranslmed.abg4262
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