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Article ; Online: Recent advances in marine algae oligosaccharides: structure, analysis, and potential prebiotic activities.

Xie, Xu-Ting / Cheong, Kit-Leong

Critical reviews in food science and nutrition

2021 Volume 62, Issue 28, Page(s) 7703–7717

Abstract: Marine algae contain abundant polysaccharides that support a range of health-promoting activities; however, the high molecular weight, high viscosity, and low solubility of marine algae polysaccharides (MAPs) limit their application in food, agriculture ... ...

Abstract	Marine algae contain abundant polysaccharides that support a range of health-promoting activities; however, the high molecular weight, high viscosity, and low solubility of marine algae polysaccharides (MAPs) limit their application in food, agriculture and medicine. Thus, as the degradation products of MAPs, marine algae oligosaccharides (MAOs) have drawn increasing attention. Most MAOs are non-digestible by digestive enzyme in the human gastrointestinal tract, but are fermented by bacteria in the gut and converted into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). MAOs can selectively enhance the activities of some populations of beneficial bacteria and stimulate a series of prebiotic effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-tumour. However, the exact structures of MAOs and their prebiotic activities are, to a large extent, unexplored. This review summarizes recent advances in the sources, categories, and structure analysis methods of MAOs, emphasizing their effects on gut microbiota and its metabolite SCFAs as well as the resulting range of probiotic activities.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants ; Bacteria ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Oligosaccharides/pharmacology ; Polysaccharides/chemistry ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology ; Prebiotics
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Oligosaccharides ; Polysaccharides ; Prebiotics
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1037504-1
ISSN	1549-7852 ; 1040-8398
ISSN (online)	1549-7852
ISSN	1040-8398
DOI	10.1080/10408398.2021.1916736
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Article: Recent advances in marine algae oligosaccharides: structure, analysis, and potential prebiotic activities

Xie, Xu-Ting / Cheong, Kit-Leong

Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2022 Oct. 3, v. 62, no. 28

2022

Abstract	Marine algae contain abundant polysaccharides that support a range of health-promoting activities; however, the high molecular weight, high viscosity, and low solubility of marine algae polysaccharides (MAPs) limit their application in food, agriculture and medicine. Thus, as the degradation products of MAPs, marine algae oligosaccharides (MAOs) have drawn increasing attention. Most MAOs are non-digestible by digestive enzyme in the human gastrointestinal tract, but are fermented by bacteria in the gut and converted into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). MAOs can selectively enhance the activities of some populations of beneficial bacteria and stimulate a series of prebiotic effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-tumour. However, the exact structures of MAOs and their prebiotic activities are, to a large extent, unexplored. This review summarizes recent advances in the sources, categories, and structure analysis methods of MAOs, emphasizing their effects on gut microbiota and its metabolite SCFAs as well as the resulting range of probiotic activities.
Keywords	antioxidants ; digestive enzymes ; digestive tract ; food science ; health promotion ; humans ; intestinal microorganisms ; medicine ; metabolites ; molecular weight ; oligosaccharides ; polysaccharides ; prebiotics ; probiotics ; solubility ; viscosity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1003
Size	p. 7703-7717.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1037504-1
ISSN	1549-7852 ; 1040-8398
ISSN (online)	1549-7852
ISSN	1040-8398
DOI	10.1080/10408398.2021.1916736
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Article ; Online: Astragaloside IV inhibits AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated tumorigenesis via activation of PPARγ signaling in mice.

Liang, Junjie / Yang, Caiyi / Li, Pengcheng / Zhang, Meiling / Xie, Xueqian / Xie, Xuting / Chen, Yunliang / Wang, Qing / Zhou, Lian / Luo, Xia

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

2023 Volume 121, Page(s) 155116

Abstract: Background: Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is a severe complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), resulting from long-term inflammation in the intestines. The primary cause of CAC is the imbalance of oxidative metabolism in intestinal ...

Abstract	Background: Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is a severe complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), resulting from long-term inflammation in the intestines. The primary cause of CAC is the imbalance of oxidative metabolism in intestinal cells, triggered by excessive reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (NO) species production due to prolonged intestinal inflammation. This imbalance leads to genomic instability caused by DNA damage, eventually resulting in the development of intestinal cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that astragaloside IV is effective in treating dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis, but there is currently no relevant research on its efficacy in treating CAC. Methods: To investigate the effect of astragaloside IV against CAC and the underlying mechanism, C57 mice were treated with (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) astragaloside IV while CAC was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM) and ad libitum consumption of 2% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS). We re-verified the activating effects of astragaloside IV on PPARγ signaling in IEC-6 cells, which were reversed by GW9662 (the PPARγ inhibitor). Results: Our results showed that astragaloside IV significantly improved AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice by inhibiting colonic shortening, preventing intestinal mucosal damage, reducing the number of tumors and, the expression of Ki67 protein. In addition, astragaloside IV could activate PPARγ signaling, which not only promoted the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, restored the level of SOD, CAT and GSH, but also inhibited the expression of iNOS and reduced the production of NO in the intestine and IEC-6 cells. And this effect could be reversed by GW9662 in vitro. Astragaloside IV thus decreased the level of ROS and NO in the intestinal tract of mice, as well as reduced the damage of DNA, and therefore inhibited the occurrence of CAC. Conclusion: Astragaloside IV can activate PPARγ signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and reduces DNA damage caused by intestinal inflammation, thereby inhibiting colon tumourigenesis. The novelty of this study is to use PPARγ as the target to inhibit DNA damage to prevent the occurrence of CAC.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; PPAR gamma ; Azoxymethane/toxicity ; Dextran Sulfate/adverse effects ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Colitis/chemically induced ; Colitis/drug therapy ; Colitis/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Disease Models, Animal
Chemical Substances	2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide ; PPAR gamma ; astragaloside A (3A592W8XKE) ; Azoxymethane (MO0N1J0SEN) ; Dextran Sulfate (9042-14-2) ; Reactive Oxygen Species
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1205240-1
ISSN	1618-095X ; 0944-7113
ISSN (online)	1618-095X
ISSN	0944-7113
DOI	10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155116
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Article ; Online: [Application of micro-teaching in life sciences courses based on the "National Universities Micro-teaching Competition of Life Sciences" analysis].

Cheong, Kit-Leong / Wang, Min / Zheng, Lixin / Xie, Xuting / Teng, Bo / Liu, Yang

Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology

2021 Volume 37, Issue 8, Page(s) 2947–2955

Abstract: With improvements in information technology and expansion in education reforms, more innovative teaching reform programs have also been launched. Information technology has increased interest in the use of the flipped classroom innovative teaching model. ...

Abstract	With improvements in information technology and expansion in education reforms, more innovative teaching reform programs have also been launched. Information technology has increased interest in the use of the flipped classroom innovative teaching model. In order to explore new ideas for the improvement of teaching, this paper focuses on the flipped classroom teaching approach with the integration of information technology. Micro-teaching is an important innovative flipped classroom teaching approach with a number of advantages as it is short, concise, and interesting, which therefore helps improve students' self-learning ability. Designing and preparing micro-teaching would become a prerequisite skill for college teachers. Based on the analysis of the entries in the "National Universities Micro-teaching Competition of Life Science", this paper explores the application of micro-teaching in life sciences teaching from the perspective of curriculum introduction, mode of presentation, teaching design, and other aspects of teaching. This information could serve as a guide to frontline college teachers to help them understand and master the skills of designing micro-teaching, so as to generate interest and improve learning efficiency among college students.
MeSH term(s)	Biological Science Disciplines ; Curriculum ; Humans ; Learning ; Students ; Universities
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2021-09-02
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1042206-7
ISSN	1872-2075 ; 1042-749X
ISSN (online)	1872-2075
ISSN	1042-749X
DOI	10.13345/j.cjb.200585
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Article: Structural characteristics of Gracilaria lemaneiformis oligosaccharides and their alleviation of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis by modulating the gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites in mice

Xie, Xu-Ting / Zheng, Li-Xin / Duan, Hui-Min / Liu, Yang / Chen, Xian-Qiang / Cheong, Kit-Leong

Food & function. 2021 Sept. 20, v. 12, no. 18

2021

Abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic lifetime disorder with a high incidence worldwide. A functional food-based method to prevent UC would be a good option for disease control. G. lemaneiformis oligosaccharides (GLOs) should have potent benefits for the ... ...

Abstract	Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic lifetime disorder with a high incidence worldwide. A functional food-based method to prevent UC would be a good option for disease control. G. lemaneiformis oligosaccharides (GLOs) should have potent benefits for the gastrointestinal tract, based on in vitro fermentation assessed in our previous study. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of GLOs in UC, as well as their possible mechanisms of action. The administration of GLOs was able to reduce the severity of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis by protecting mice from weight loss, reductions in colon length, inflammatory infiltration, and colon damage. Gut microbiota composition analysis showed that at the phylum level, GLOs could restore the composition of Bacteroidetes and decrease the level of Firmicutes. Consistently, it increased the contents of beneficial microbial metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in the mouse colitis model. In conclusion, GLOs could comprise a promising functional food strategy to alleviate UC symptoms.
Keywords	Bacteroidetes ; Firmicutes ; Gracilaria ; colon ; dextran ; digestive tract ; disease control ; fermentation ; functional foods ; intestinal microorganisms ; metabolites ; mice ; models ; oligosaccharides ; sulfates ; therapeutics ; ulcerative colitis ; weight loss
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0920
Size	p. 8635-8646.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2612033-1
ISSN	2042-650X ; 2042-6496
ISSN (online)	2042-650X
ISSN	2042-6496
DOI	10.1039/d1fo01201k
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Article: Huang Qin Decoction inhibits the initiation of experimental colitis associated carcinogenesis by controlling the PAD4 dependent NETs

Pan, Zengfeng / Xie, Xuting / Chen, Yunliang / Pan, Simin / Wu, Zhiyun / Yang, Caiyi / Liang, Junjie / Zhang, Meilin / Wang, Qing / Chen, Jinyan / Zhou, Lian / Luo, Xia

Phytomedicine. 2022 Dec., v. 107

2022

Abstract: Colorectal cancer is associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). The infiltration of neutrophils is the main cause of DNA damage produced by inflammation in the intestinal epithelium. Under the action of peptidyl arginine deaminase 4 (PAD4), neutrophils ... ...

Abstract	Colorectal cancer is associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). The infiltration of neutrophils is the main cause of DNA damage produced by inflammation in the intestinal epithelium. Under the action of peptidyl arginine deaminase 4 (PAD4), neutrophils dissociate chromatin and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which can aggravate tissue inflammation and encourage tumor development. Although Huang Qin Decoction (HQD) was found to be useful in treating UC and was used to gradually prevent and treat digestive tract cancers, the underlying reasons were unclear. To demonstrate HQD could inhibits the initiation of colitis associated carcinogenesis by controlling NETs related inflammation, we first performed an AOM/DSS-generated colitis-associated carcinogenesis model to assess the efficacy of HQD in reducing neutrophil infiltration and anti-tumor activity. Then, using network pharmacology research, we investigated the potential mechanisms underlying those medicinal effects, as demonstrated by the detection of NETs aggregation and PAD4 expression changes in the colon. HQD substantially reduced the number of colon cancers and the expression of Ki67, restored the level of intestinal tight junction protein occludin and ZO-1, and relieved the intestinal inflammation caused by TNF-α, IL-1β. At the same time, it inhibited neutrophil infiltration in the colon and improved the immunosurveillance of CD8⁺T cells. The potential mechanisms of HQD intervention against UC and UC with neoplasia (UCN) were studied using network pharmacology, and 156 conjunct genes as well as numerous inflammation-related pathways were identified. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicated that HQD inhibition of intestinal tumors might be related to the deactivation of PAD4, which was verified by the down-regulation of NETs, MPO-DNA complex levels, and PAD4 expression after HQD treatment. Huang Qin Decoction inhibits the initiation of colitis associated carcinogenesis by controlling PAD4-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps.
Keywords	DNA damage ; antineoplastic activity ; arginine ; carcinogenesis ; chromatin ; colon ; colorectal neoplasms ; digestive tract ; inflammation ; intestinal mucosa ; models ; neutrophils ; occludins ; protein-protein interactions ; tight junctions ; ulcerative colitis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1205240-1
ISSN	1618-095X ; 0944-7113
ISSN (online)	1618-095X
ISSN	0944-7113
DOI	10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154454
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Quantification of 3,6-anhydro-galactose in red seaweed polysaccharides and their potential skin-whitening activity.

Xie, Xu-Ting / Zhang, Xiao / Liu, Yang / Chen, Xian-Qiang / Cheong, Kit-Leong

3 Biotech

2020 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 189

Abstract: This study determined the composition of the monosaccharide, 3, 6-anhydrogalactose (AnGal), in red algae and explored the potential whitening activity of the extract. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the AnGal composition of six ... ...

Abstract	This study determined the composition of the monosaccharide, 3, 6-anhydrogalactose (AnGal), in red algae and explored the potential whitening activity of the extract. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the AnGal composition of six different species of red seaweed (
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2600522-0
ISSN	2190-5738 ; 2190-572X
ISSN (online)	2190-5738
ISSN	2190-572X
DOI	10.1007/s13205-020-02175-8
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Article ; Online: Quercetin ameliorates ulcerative colitis by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor to improve intestinal barrier integrity.

Wang, Xiaojing / Xie, Xuting / Li, Yanyang / Xie, Xueqian / Huang, Shaowei / Pan, Simin / Zou, Yanling / Pan, Zengfeng / Wang, Qing / Chen, Jinyan / Zhou, Lian / Luo, Xia

Phytotherapy research : PTR

2023 Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 253–264

Abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis is largely associated with intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. A therapeutic approach to UC involves the repair of damaged intestinal barrier. Our study aimed to investigate whether aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( ... ...

Abstract	Ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis is largely associated with intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. A therapeutic approach to UC involves the repair of damaged intestinal barrier. Our study aimed to investigate whether aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated the intestinal barrier repair effects of quercetin to ameliorate UC. 3% dextran sulfate sodium was used to induce colitic mice, and quercetin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was administered orally for 10 days to assess the therapeutic effects. In vitro, Caco-2 cells were used to explore the effect of quercetin on tight junction protein expression and AhR activation. The results showed that quercetin alleviated colitic mice by restoring tight junctions (TJs) integrity via an AhR-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In vitro, quercetin dose-dependently elevated the expressions of TJs protein ZO-1 and Claudin1, and activated AhR by enhancing the expression of CYP1A1 and facilitating AhR nuclear translocation in Caco-2 cells (p < 0.05). While AhR antagonist CH223191 reversed the therapeutic effects of quercetin (p < 0.05) and blocked quercetin-induced AhR activation and enhancement of TJs protein (p < 0.05). In conclusion, quercetin repaired intestinal barrier dysfunction by activating AhR-mediated enhancement of TJs to alleviate UC. Our research offered new perspectives on how quercetin enhanced intestinal barrier function.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced ; Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy ; Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology ; Caco-2 Cells ; Quercetin/pharmacology ; Quercetin/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/therapeutic use ; Intestines ; Colitis/chemically induced ; Dextran Sulfate/adverse effects ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Disease Models, Animal
Chemical Substances	Quercetin (9IKM0I5T1E) ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ; Dextran Sulfate (9042-14-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639136-9
ISSN	1099-1573 ; 0951-418X
ISSN (online)	1099-1573
ISSN	0951-418X
DOI	10.1002/ptr.8027
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Article ; Online: Structural characteristics of

Xie, Xu-Ting / Zheng, Li-Xin / Duan, Hui-Min / Liu, Yang / Chen, Xian-Qiang / Cheong, Kit-Leong

Food & function

2021 Volume 12, Issue 18, Page(s) 8635–8646

Abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic lifetime disorder with a high incidence worldwide. A functional food-based method to prevent UC would be a good option for disease control. ...

Abstract	Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic lifetime disorder with a high incidence worldwide. A functional food-based method to prevent UC would be a good option for disease control.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Outbred Strains ; Bacteroidetes/growth & development ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Colitis, Ulcerative/diet therapy ; Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism ; Colitis, Ulcerative/microbiology ; Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology ; Colon/immunology ; Colon/metabolism ; Colon/pathology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dextran Sulfate ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; Firmicutes/growth & development ; Functional Food ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gracilaria/chemistry ; Intestines/metabolism ; Intestines/microbiology ; Male ; Mice ; Oligosaccharides/administration & dosage ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Fatty Acids, Volatile ; Oligosaccharides ; Dextran Sulfate (9042-14-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2612033-1
ISSN	2042-650X ; 2042-6496
ISSN (online)	2042-650X
ISSN	2042-6496
DOI	10.1039/d1fo01201k
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Huang Qin Decoction inhibits the initiation of experimental colitis associated carcinogenesis by controlling the PAD4 dependent NETs.

Pan, Zengfeng / Xie, Xuting / Chen, Yunliang / Pan, Simin / Wu, Zhiyun / Yang, Caiyi / Liang, Junjie / Zhang, Meilin / Wang, Qing / Chen, Jinyan / Zhou, Lian / Luo, Xia

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

2022 Volume 107, Page(s) 154454

Abstract: Background: Colorectal cancer is associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). The infiltration of neutrophils is the main cause of DNA damage produced by inflammation in the intestinal epithelium. Under the action of peptidyl arginine deaminase 4 (PAD4), ... ...

Abstract	Background: Colorectal cancer is associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). The infiltration of neutrophils is the main cause of DNA damage produced by inflammation in the intestinal epithelium. Under the action of peptidyl arginine deaminase 4 (PAD4), neutrophils dissociate chromatin and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which can aggravate tissue inflammation and encourage tumor development. Although Huang Qin Decoction (HQD) was found to be useful in treating UC and was used to gradually prevent and treat digestive tract cancers, the underlying reasons were unclear. Methods: To demonstrate HQD could inhibits the initiation of colitis associated carcinogenesis by controlling NETs related inflammation, we first performed an AOM/DSS-generated colitis-associated carcinogenesis model to assess the efficacy of HQD in reducing neutrophil infiltration and anti-tumor activity. Then, using network pharmacology research, we investigated the potential mechanisms underlying those medicinal effects, as demonstrated by the detection of NETs aggregation and PAD4 expression changes in the colon. Results: HQD substantially reduced the number of colon cancers and the expression of Ki67, restored the level of intestinal tight junction protein occludin and ZO-1, and relieved the intestinal inflammation caused by TNF-α, IL-1β. At the same time, it inhibited neutrophil infiltration in the colon and improved the immunosurveillance of CD8 Conclusion: Huang Qin Decoction inhibits the initiation of colitis associated carcinogenesis by controlling PAD4-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arginine/metabolism ; Carcinogenesis ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Colitis/chemically induced ; Colitis/complications ; Colitis/drug therapy ; Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced ; Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Traps/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Occludin/metabolism ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Chromatin ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Occludin ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Arginine (94ZLA3W45F)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-11
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1205240-1
ISSN	1618-095X ; 0944-7113
ISSN (online)	1618-095X
ISSN	0944-7113
DOI	10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154454
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