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Artikel ; Online: Landslide Detection Using Time-Series InSAR Method along the Kangding-Batang Section of Shanghai-Nyalam Road

Yaning Yi / Xiwei Xu / Guangyu Xu / Huiran Gao

Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 1452, p

2023 Band 1452

Abstract: Due to various factors such as urban development, climate change, and tectonic movements, landslides are a common geological phenomenon in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau region, especially on both sides of a road, where large landslide hazards often result in ...

Abstract	Due to various factors such as urban development, climate change, and tectonic movements, landslides are a common geological phenomenon in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau region, especially on both sides of a road, where large landslide hazards often result in traffic disruptions and casualties. Identifying the spatial distribution of landslides and monitoring their stability are essential for predicting landslide occurrence and implementing prevention measures. In this study, taking the Kangding-Batang section of Shanghai-Nyalam Road as the study area, we adopted a semi-automated time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) method to identify landslides and monitor their activity. A total of 446 Sentinel-1 ascending and descending SAR images from January 2018 to December 2021 were thus collected and processed by using open-source InSAR processing software. After a series of error corrections, we obtained surface deformation maps covering the study area, and a total of 236 potential landslides were subsequently identified and classified into three categories, namely slow-sliding rockslides, debris flows, and debris avalanches, by combining deformation maps, optical images, and a digital elevation model (DEM). For a typical landslide, we performed deformation decomposition and analyzed the relationship between its deformation and rainfall, revealing the contribution of rainfall to the landslide. In addition, we discussed the effect of SAR geometric distortion on landslide detection, highlighting the importance of joint ascending and descending observations in mountainous areas. We analyzed the controlling factors of landslide distribution and found that topographic conditions are still the dominant factor. Our results may be beneficial for road maintenance and disaster mitigation. Moreover, the entire processing is semi-automated based on open-source tools or software, which provides a paradigm for landslide-related studies in other mountainous regions of the world.
Schlagwörter	landslide ; InSAR ; SBAS ; Sentinel-1 ; highway ; Science ; Q
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	550
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Rapid Mapping of Slow-Moving Landslides Using an Automated SAR Processing Platform (HyP3) and Stacking-InSAR Method

Yaning Yi / Xiwei Xu / Guangyu Xu / Huiran Gao

Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 1611, p

2023 Band 1611

Abstract: The increasing number of landslide hazards worldwide has placed greater demands on the production and updating of landslide inventory maps. As an important data source for landslide detection, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data ... ...

Abstract	The increasing number of landslide hazards worldwide has placed greater demands on the production and updating of landslide inventory maps. As an important data source for landslide detection, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data processing is time-consuming and also requires specialized knowledge, which severely hinders its widespread application. At present, a new cloud-based online platform, i.e., Alaska Satellite Facility’s Hybrid Pluggable Processing Pipeline (ASF HyP3) was developed for massive SAR data processing. In this study, combining the HyP3 online platform and Stacking-InSAR method, we constructed a new easy-to-use processing chain for rapidly identifying slow-moving landslides over large areas. With this processing chain, a total of 923 interferometric pairs covering an area of over 1800 km 2 were processed within a few hours (about 4 to 5 h). A total of 81 slow-moving landslides were immediately detected and mapped using Stacking-InSAR method, of which 65 landslides were confirmed by previous studies and 16 landslides were newly detected. Results show that the new processing chain can greatly improve the efficiency of wide-area landslide mapping and is expected to serve as an effective tool for rapid updating the existing landslide inventories and contribute to the prevention and management of geological hazards.
Schlagwörter	landslide ; InSAR ; HyP3 ; Sentinel-1 ; Jinsha River ; Science ; Q
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Inventory and Distribution Characteristics of Large-Scale Landslides in Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, China

Lei Li / Chong Xu / Xiwei Xu / Zhongjian Zhang / Jia Cheng

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 11, Iss 10, p

2022 Band 10

Abstract: Inventories of historical landslides play an important role in the assessment of natural hazards. In this study, we used high-resolution satellite imagery from Google Earth to interpret large landslides in Baoji city, Shaanxi Province on the southwestern ...

Abstract	Inventories of historical landslides play an important role in the assessment of natural hazards. In this study, we used high-resolution satellite imagery from Google Earth to interpret large landslides in Baoji city, Shaanxi Province on the southwestern edge of the Loess Plateau. Then, a comprehensive and detailed map of the landslide distribution in this area was prepared in conjunction with the historical literature, which includes 3440 landslides. On this basis, eight variables, including elevation, slope, aspect, slope position, distance to the fault, land cover, lithology and distance to the stream were selected to examine their influence on the landslides in the study area. Landslide number density (LND) and landslide area percentage (LAP) were used as evaluation indicators to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the landslides. The results show that most of the landslides are situated at elevations from 500 to 1400 m. The LND and LAP reach their peaks at slopes of 10–20°. Slopes facing WNW and NW directions, and middle and lower slopes are more prone to sliding with higher LND and LAP. LND and LAP show a decreasing trend as the distance to the fault or stream increases, followed by a slow rise. Landslides occur primarily in the areas covered by crops. Regarding lithology, the regions covered by the Quaternary loess and Cretaceous gravels are the main areas where landslides occur. The results would be helpful for further understanding the developmental characteristics and spatial distribution of landslides on the Loess Plateau, and also provide a support to subsequent landslide susceptibility mapping in this region.
Schlagwörter	Loess Plateau ; Baoji city ; large landslide inventory ; visual interpretation ; Google Earth ; GIS ; Geography (General) ; G1-922
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	550
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: A Bayesian Source Model for the 2022 Mw6.6 Luding Earthquake, Sichuan Province, China, Constrained by GPS and InSAR Observations

Guangyu Xu / Xiwei Xu / Yaning Yi / Yangmao Wen / Longxiang Sun / Qixin Wang / Xiaoqiong Lei

Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 1, p

2023 Band 103

Abstract: Until the Mw 6.6 Luding earthquake ruptured the Moxi section of the Xianshuihe fault (XSHF) on 5 September 2022, the region had not experienced an Mw >6 earthquake since instrumental records began. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) and Sentinel-1 ... ...

Abstract	Until the Mw 6.6 Luding earthquake ruptured the Moxi section of the Xianshuihe fault (XSHF) on 5 September 2022, the region had not experienced an Mw >6 earthquake since instrumental records began. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) and Sentinel-1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations to image the coseismic deformation and constrain the location and geometry of the seismogenic fault using a Bayesian method We then present a distributed slip model of the 2022 Mw6.6 Luding earthquake, a left-lateral strike-slip earthquake that occurred on the Moxi section of the Xianshuihe fault in the southwest Sichuan basin, China. Two tracks (T26 and T135) of the InSAR data captured a part of the coseismic surface deformation with the line-of-sight displacements range from ∼−0.16 m to ~0.14 m in the ascending track and from ~−0.12 m to ~0.10 m in the descending track. The inverted best-fitting fault model shows a pure sinistral strike-slip motion on a west-dipping fault plane with a strike of 164.3°. We adopt a variational Bayesian approach and account for the uncertainties in the fault geometry to retrieve the distributed slip model. The inverted result shows that the maximum slip of ~1.82 m occurred at a depth of 5.3 km, with the major slip concentrated within depths ranging from 0.9–11 km. The InSAR-determined moment is 1.3 × 10 19 Nm, with a shear modulus of 30 GPa, equivalent to Mw 6.7. The published coseismic slip models of the 2022 Luding earthquake show apparent differences despite the use of similar geodetic or seismic observations. These variations underscore the uncertainty associated with routinely performed source inversions and their interpretations for the underlying fault model.
Schlagwörter	Luding earthquake ; InSAR ; Bayesian inversion ; strike-slip fault ; coseismic slip distribution ; Science ; Q
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	333
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: A Large Old Landslide in Sichuan Province, China

Siyuan Ma / Chong Xu / Xiaoyi Shao / Xiwei Xu / Aichun Liu

Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 2552, p

Surface Displacement Monitoring and Potential Instability Assessment

2021 Band 2552

Abstract: Using advanced Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) with small baseline subsets (SBAS) and Permanent Scatter Interferometry (PSI) techniques and C-band Sentinel-1A data, this research monitored the surface displacement of a large ...

Abstract	Using advanced Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) with small baseline subsets (SBAS) and Permanent Scatter Interferometry (PSI) techniques and C-band Sentinel-1A data, this research monitored the surface displacement of a large old landslide at Xuecheng town, Lixian County, Sichuan Province, China. Based on the MassMov2D model, the effect of the dynamic process and deposit thickness of the potentially unstable rock mass (deformation rate < −70 mm/year) on this landslide body were numerically simulated. Combined with terrain data and images generated by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), the driving factors of this old landslide were analyzed. The InSAR results show that the motion rate in the middle part of the landslide body is the largest, with a range of −55 to −80 mm/year on average, whereas those of the upper part and toe area were small, with a range of −5 to −20 mm/year. Our research suggests that there is a correlation between the LOS (line of sight) deformation rate and rainfall. In rainy seasons, particularly from May to July, the deformation rate is relatively high. In addition, the analysis suggests that SBAS can provide smoother displacement time series, even in areas with vegetation and the steepest sectors of the landslide. The simulation results show that the unstable rock mass may collapse and form a barrier dam with a maximum thickness of about 16 m at the Zagunao river in the future. This study demonstrates that combining temporal UAV measurements and InSAR techniques from Sentinel-1A SAR data allows early recognition and deformation monitoring of old landslide reactivation in complex mountainous areas. In addition, the information provided by InSAR can increase understanding of the deformation process of old landslides in this area, which would enhance urban safety and assist in disaster mitigation.
Schlagwörter	Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) ; Multi Temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) ; Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) ; MassMov2D ; numerical simulation ; old landslide ; Science ; Q
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	550
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Analysis of spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake in China on September 5, 2022

Zikang Xiao / Chong Xu / Yuandong Huang / Xiangli He / Xiaoyi Shao / Zhaoning Chen / Chenchen Xie / Tao Li / Xiwei Xu

Geoenvironmental Disasters, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Band 15

Abstract: Abstract Background On September 5, 2022, an Ms 6.8 earthquake occurred in Luding County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China. The casualties and economic losses caused by the earthquake are huge. Most of the landslides triggered by this ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background On September 5, 2022, an Ms 6.8 earthquake occurred in Luding County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China. The casualties and economic losses caused by the earthquake are huge. Most of the landslides triggered by this earthquake are small and medium-sized rock collapses and destructive debris flows, with a small number of large-scale landslides. Results There are 5007 coseismic landslides in the Luding earthquake VII-degree area and above, with a total area of 17.36 km2. The landslides are generally distributed along the NW-SE direction. The highest landslide area density is 13.8%, and the highest point density of the landslide is 35.73 km2. High-density area is mainly concentrated in the IX-degree area and the northeast side of the seismogenic fault. Coseismic landslides are more likely to develop in the area with the slope more than 40°, the slope direction of 67.5-112.5 degree, and vegetation coverage of 40–50%. More landslides are developed in granite areas and forest areas. The closer distance to active faults, the more the coseismic landslides develop. The correlation between coseismic landslide development and the distance from the active faults is better than that between coseismic landslide development and the distance from the seismogenic faults. Conclusion The landslide database used in this paper is the most perfect at present, and the research results have also been verified by fieldwork. This is also the first applied study of this landslide inventory, which indirectly confirmed the accuracy of the inventory. The results obtained in the manuscript will provide an important guideline for future disaster prevention and mitigation in southwest China.
Schlagwörter	2022 Luding earthquake ; Coseismic landslides ; Landslides inventory ; Spatial distribution ; Seismogenic structures ; Disasters and engineering ; TA495 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	910
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	SpringerOpen
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Lithospheric thinning beneath the Tengchong volcanic field, Southern China

Kefei Chen / Shaolin Liu / Dinghui Yang / Xiwei Xu / Yadong Wu / Shuang Yang / Shuxin Yang / Haodong Zhang

Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol

Insight from Cenozoic calc-alkaline basalts

2023 Band 11

Abstract: The Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic field lies in SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The basalts of the Tengchong field exhibit evident spatial-temporal variations, but consensus on their meaning has not been reached yet. In this study, we collected basalts ... ...

Abstract	The Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic field lies in SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The basalts of the Tengchong field exhibit evident spatial-temporal variations, but consensus on their meaning has not been reached yet. In this study, we collected basalts from western, central and eastern areas in the Tengchong volcanic field and measured the whole-rock and olivine major and trace elements of basalts. Tengchong basalts exhibit remarkable chemical and isotopic diversity, showing a strong correlation with eruption locations and ages. Specifically, basalts in the western and eastern areas (formed at 7.2–2.8 Ma) are characterized by high 87Sr/86Sr and low 3He/4He ratios, while those in the central area (formed at 0.6–0.02 Ma) feature low 87Sr/86Sr and high 3He/4He ratios. Based on the temperature- and pressure-dependent elemental partition coefficients, this phenomenon is interpreted as mainly caused by the difference in lithospheric thickness among these areas. On the one hand, the estimated primary magmas in the eastern and western areas show higher SiO2, Na2O, (La/Sm)N, Hf/Lu and Ba/Zr ratios than those in the central area. On the other hand, the Ni contents in olivine phenocrysts are higher in the western and eastern areas than in the central area. As different amounts of extension result in different degrees of decompression of the asthenosphere, finally influencing the compositional variation of magmas, these results indicate that the lithosphere in the eastern and western areas is thicker than that in the central area. In addition, basalts erupted in the eastern and western areas are older than those in the central area, suggesting lithospheric thinning. We propose that lithospheric extension due to slab rollback may have caused lithospheric thinning. In addition, according to the different deformation modes of the crust and lithospheric mantle, our study supports mantle-crust decoupling south of ∼26°N in SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau.
Schlagwörter	calc-alkaline basalts ; olivine ; major and trace elements ; lithospheric extension ; SE Tibet ; Science ; Q
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	550
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Frontiers Media S.A.
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Numerical Simulation of Cavitation Performance in Engine Cooling Water Pump Based on a Corrected Cavitation Model

Wei Li / Enda Li / Weidong Shi / Weiqiang Li / Xiwei Xu

Processes, Vol 8, Iss 3, p

2020 Band 278

Abstract: To analyze the internal flow of the engine cooling water pump (ECWP) under thermodynamic effect, Zwart cavitation model based on the Rayleigh-Plesset equation is corrected, and NACA0015 hydrofoil was selected to verify the corrected model. The cavitation ...

Abstract	To analyze the internal flow of the engine cooling water pump (ECWP) under thermodynamic effect, Zwart cavitation model based on the Rayleigh-Plesset equation is corrected, and NACA0015 hydrofoil was selected to verify the corrected model. The cavitation performances of ECWP with different temperatures were numerically simulated based on a corrected cavitation model. Research results show that simulation values of pressure distribution coefficient in hydrofoil surface at 70 °C are in closest agreement with experimental values when the evaporation and condensation coefficients are 10 and 0.002, respectively. With the decrease of absolute pressure in pump inlet, bubbles firstly occurred at the blade inlet side near the suction surface and then gradually extended to the pressure surface, finally clogged the impeller passage. Compared to the inlet section, the cavitation degree is much more serious close to the trailing edge. With the temperature increases, the cavitation in ECWP occurs in advance and rapidly, and the temperature plays an important role in promoting cavitation process in ECWP. Based on the unsteady simulation of ECWP, the influence of cavitation on the performance characteristics is studied. The results provide a theoretical reference for the prediction and optimization of the cavitation performance in ECWP.
Schlagwörter	cavitation model ; numerical simulation ; engine cooling water pump ; thermodynamic effect ; unsteady process ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	518
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Angular Unconformity of the Late Quaternary Strata in the Hetao Basin, North of the Ordos Block (West China)

Luanxi Bai / Xiwei Xu / Hao Luo / Kang Li / Xibin Tan / Junxiang Zhao

Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol

Timing and Its Tectonic Implications

2021 Band 9

Abstract: Following the uplift of the Tibet Plateau and the continuous subduction of the Pacific Plate, graben faulting began to appear around the Ordos Block in the Cenozoic. The Hetao Basin is a Cenozoic rift basin between the Ordos Block and the Yinshan ... ...

Abstract	Following the uplift of the Tibet Plateau and the continuous subduction of the Pacific Plate, graben faulting began to appear around the Ordos Block in the Cenozoic. The Hetao Basin is a Cenozoic rift basin between the Ordos Block and the Yinshan Mountains, and Late Quaternary sedimentary strata, which have lacustrine facies, are widely distributed inside this basin. However, the evolution of the Hetao Basin and its related fault systems has been debated for a long time due to the lack of tectonic evidence. In this study, four sections named Haolaigou, Bianqianghao, Huhesala, and Hazigai are selected along the north margin of the Hetao Basin. With the lithology and structural analysis of the Upper Pleistocene series in these sections, two new angular unconformities are found within the 10 m thick sedimentary sequence of the lacustrine sediments. Based on the dating results, we speculate that these two upper and lower angular unconformities are formed between 33 ka BP and 40 ka BP, and 60 ka BP and 80 ka BP, respectively. The angular unconformities also provide tectonic constraints for the latest and ongoing tectonic activity in the Quaternary. This tectonic movement begins at around 80 ka BP and causes two different unconformities of the lower strata with varying degrees of deformation (tilt) but also leads to the final death of the ancient lake.
Schlagwörter	Hetao basin ; angular unconformities ; lacustrine sediments sections ; dating ; tectonic movement ; Science ; Q
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	550
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Frontiers Media S.A.
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Effects of Lithospheric Properties on Crustal Strain at Both Ends of Longmen Shan Orogenic Belt

Tuo Shen / Xiwei Xu / Yujiang Li / Luyuan Huang / E. A. Rogozhin / Qixin Wang / Wenjun Kang / Xiaoqiong Lei

Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol

Based on Numerical Simulation

2022 Band 10

Abstract: Strain partitioning and accommodation are fundamental constraints to evaluate tectonic models of orogenic plateaus. The uplift mechanism issue of the eastern Tibetan Plateau has remained a long-term focus since the last century, namely, the steep uplift ... ...

Abstract	Strain partitioning and accommodation are fundamental constraints to evaluate tectonic models of orogenic plateaus. The uplift mechanism issue of the eastern Tibetan Plateau has remained a long-term focus since the last century, namely, the steep uplift of the Longmen Shan area. Several tectonic models have been proposed to describe the uplift process of the central Longmen Shan area along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Such as upper crustal shortening, mid-crustal channel flow, and whole-crust shearing. However, these models are typically examined through vertical differences. Geophysical, geological, remote sensing and geochemistry observation data indicate that there occur not only vertical differences but also obvious horizontal differences along the Longmen Shan orogenic belt. Based on the finite element method, we employed two-dimensional profiles crossed northern and southern Longmen Shan fault to reconstruct the uplift process of the Longmen Shan orogenic belt. The mechanical properties of the lithosphere south of the Longmen Shan orogenic belt were slightly less favorable than those of the lithosphere north of the Longmen Shan orogenic belt. For the better fitting result in the southern part viscosity of lower crust is less than 1021 Pa∙s and in the northern part viscosity of lower crust is around 1022 Pa∙s. The uplift processes in the upper and lower crust of the Longmen Shan orogenic belt were partially decoupled. The deformation of lithosphere in the northern Longmen Shan orogenic belt is smaller than it in southern Longmen Shan orogenic belt. Due to that the rigid Ruoergai block maybe resists the formation of a weak layer or enters of weak materials to the northern Longmen Shan block, resulting in the observed difference in lithospheric properties between the northern and southern Longmen Shan blocks.
Schlagwörter	Longmen Shan fault ; viscosity ; finite element method ; uplift ; Ruoergai block ; lithosphere ; Science ; Q
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	550
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Frontiers Media S.A.
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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