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Article ; Online: Reinforcement of Aminopropyl-Terminated Siloxane-Treated Carbon Nanotubes in Epoxy Thermosets

Yuxin Sun / Xiwen Zhang / Dongyu Zhao

Polymers, Vol 15, Iss 3184, p

Mechanical and Thermal Properties

2023 Volume 3184

Abstract: The synthesis and characterization of aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane- treated carbon nanotube (AFCNT)-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites are reported in the current study. The amine functionalization of the CNTs was performed with a reaction to ...

Abstract	The synthesis and characterization of aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane- treated carbon nanotube (AFCNT)-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites are reported in the current study. The amine functionalization of the CNTs was performed with a reaction to PDMS-NH 2 . The AFCNTs were homogeneously dispersed in epoxy resin by using an emulsifier and a three-roller mill. The AFCNTs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The curing behavior of the epoxy/AFCNT was studied using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The tensile and impact strengths of the 2.0 wt.% AFCNT-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite were enhanced by 43.2% and 370%, respectively. Moreover, the glass transition temperature ( T g ) was also enhanced by 21 °C. Furthermore, significant enhancements were observed in the initial degradation and char yield values. SEM results confirmed that the AFCNTs were highly dispersed in the polymeric matrix.
Keywords	amine functionalization ; carbon nanotubes ; nanocomposites ; mechanical properties ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Transcriptome and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Regulatory Networks Controlling Maize Stomatal Development in Response to Blue Light

Tiedong Liu / Xiwen Zhang

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 5393, p

2021 Volume 5393

Abstract: 1) Background: Blue light is important for the formation of maize stomata, but the signal network remains unclear. (2) Methods: We replaced red light with blue light in an experiment and provided a complementary regulatory network for the stomatal ... ...

Abstract	(1) Background: Blue light is important for the formation of maize stomata, but the signal network remains unclear. (2) Methods: We replaced red light with blue light in an experiment and provided a complementary regulatory network for the stomatal development of maize by using transcriptome and metabolomics analysis. (3) Results: Exposure to blue light led to 1296 differentially expressed genes and 419 differential metabolites. Transcriptome comparisons and correlation signaling network analysis detected 55 genes, and identified 6 genes that work in the regulation of the HY5 module and MAPK cascade, that interact with PTI1, COI1, MPK2, and MPK3, in response to the substitution of blue light in environmental adaptation and signaling transduction pathways. Metabolomics analysis showed that two genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism participate in stomatal development. Their signaling sites located on the PHI1 and MPK2 sites of the MAPK cascade respond to blue light signaling. (4) Conclusions: Blue light remarkably changed the transcriptional signal transduction and metabolism of metabolites, and eight obtained genes worked in the HY5 module and MAPK cascade.
Keywords	stomata ; transcriptome ; metabolome ; signaling transduction ; blue light ; maize ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: LSR-YOLO

Xiwen Zhang / Chuanzhong Xuan / Jing Xue / Boyuan Chen / Yanhua Ma

Animals, Vol 13, Iss 1824, p

A High-Precision, Lightweight Model for Sheep Face Recognition on the Mobile End

2023 Volume 1824

Abstract: The accurate identification of sheep is crucial for breeding, behavioral research, food quality tracking, and disease prevention on modern farms. As a result of the time-consuming, expensive, and unreliable problems of traditional sheep-identification ... ...

Abstract	The accurate identification of sheep is crucial for breeding, behavioral research, food quality tracking, and disease prevention on modern farms. As a result of the time-consuming, expensive, and unreliable problems of traditional sheep-identification methods, relevant studies have built sheep face recognition models to recognize sheep through facial images. However, the existing sheep face recognition models face problems such as high computational costs, large model sizes, and weak practicality. In response to the above issues, this study proposes a lightweight sheep face recognition model named LSR-YOLO. Specifically, the ShuffleNetv2 module and Ghost module were used to replace the feature extraction module in the backbone and neck of YOLOv5s to reduce floating-point operations per second (FLOPs) and parameters. In addition, the coordinated attention (CA) module was introduced into the backbone to suppress non-critical information and improve the feature extraction ability of the recognition model. We collected facial images of 63 small-tailed Han sheep to construct a sheep face dataset and further evaluate the proposed method. Compared to YOLOv5s, the FLOPs and parameters of LSR-YOLO decreased by 25.5% and 33.4%, respectively. LSR-YOLO achieved the best performance on the sheep face dataset, and the mAP@0.5 reached 97.8% when the model size was only 9.5 MB. The experimental results show that LSR-YOLO has significant advantages in recognition accuracy and model size. Finally, we integrated LSR-YOLO into mobile devices and further developed a recognition system to achieve real-time recognition. The results show that LSR-YOLO is an effective method for identifying sheep. The method has high recognition accuracy and fast recognition speed, which gives it a high application value in mobile recognition and welfare breeding.
Keywords	sheep identity recognition ; deep learning ; YOLOv5 ; lightweight improvement ; mobile terminal recognition ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	410
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Exploration for Countering the Episodic Memory

Rong Zhou / Yuan Wang / Xiwen Zhang / Chao Wang

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, Vol

2022 Volume 2022

Abstract: Reinforcement learning is a prominent computational approach for goal-directed learning and decision making, and exploration plays an important role in improving the agent’s performance in reinforcement learning. In low-dimensional Markov decision ... ...

Abstract	Reinforcement learning is a prominent computational approach for goal-directed learning and decision making, and exploration plays an important role in improving the agent’s performance in reinforcement learning. In low-dimensional Markov decision processes, table reinforcement learning incorporated within count-based exploration works well for states of the Markov decision processes that can be easily exhausted. It is generally accepted that count-based exploration strategies turn inefficient when applied to high-dimensional Markov decision processes (generally high-dimensional state spaces, continuous action spaces, or both) since most states occur only once in deep reinforcement learning. Exploration methods widely applied in deep reinforcement learning rely on heuristic intrinsic motivation to explore unseen states or unreached parts of one state. The episodic memory module simulates the performance of hippocampus in human brain. This is exactly the memory of past experience. It seems logical to use episodic memory to count the situations encountered. Therefore, we use the contextual memory module to remember the states that the agent has encountered, as a count of states, and the purpose of exploration is to reduce the probability of encountering these states again. The purpose of exploration is to counter the episodic memory. In this article, we try to take advantage of the episodic memory module to estimate the number of states experienced, so as to counter the episodic memory. We conducted experiments on the OpenAI platform and found that counting accuracy of state is higher than that of the CTS model. At the same time, this method is used in high-dimensional object detection and tracking, also achieving good results.
Keywords	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Integrating Spatial Markov Chains and Geographically Weighted Regression-Based Cellular Automata to Simulate Urban Agglomeration Growth

Yabo Zhao / Dixiang Xie / Xiwen Zhang / Shifa Ma

Land, Vol 10, Iss 633, p

A Case Study of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

2021 Volume 633

Abstract: Urban agglomeration is an important spatial organization mode in China’s attempts to attain an advanced (mature) stage of urbanization, and to understand its consequences, accurate simulation scenarios are needed. Compared to traditional urban growth ... ...

Abstract	Urban agglomeration is an important spatial organization mode in China’s attempts to attain an advanced (mature) stage of urbanization, and to understand its consequences, accurate simulation scenarios are needed. Compared to traditional urban growth simulations, which operate on the scale of a single city, urban agglomeration considers interactions among multiple cities. In this study, we combined a spatial Markov chain (SMC) (a quantitative composition module) with geographically weighted regression-based cellular automata (GWRCA) (a spatial allocation module) to predict urban growth in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), an internationally important urban agglomeration in southern China. The SMC method improves on the traditional Markov chain technique by taking into account the interaction and influence between each city to predict growth quantitatively, whereas the geographically weighted regression (GWR) gives an empirical estimate of urban growth suitability based on geospatial differentiation on the scale of an urban agglomeration. Using the SMC model to forecast growth in the GBA in the year 2050, our results indicated that the rate of smaller cities will increase, while that of larger cities will slow down. The coastal belt in the core areas of the GBA as well as the region’s peripheral cities are most likely to be areas of development by 2050, while established cities such as Shenzhen and Dongguan will no longer experience rapid expansion. Compared with traditional simulation models, the SMC-GWRCA was able to consider spatiotemporal interactions among cities when forecasting changes to a large region like the GBA. This study put forward a development scenario for the GBA for 2050 on the scale of an urban agglomeration to provide a more credible scenario for spatial planning. It also provided evidence in support of using integrated SMC-GWRCA models, which, we maintain, offer a more efficient approach for simulating urban agglomeration development than do traditional methods.
Keywords	urban agglomeration ; spatial Markov chains ; cellular automata ; geographic weighted regression ; land use/cover change ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	910 ; 710
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Palpitation was associated with clinical outcomes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Tingting Hu / Tao Wang / Xiwen Zhang

Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common genetic heart disease with diversified clinical presentation and it is important to identify new predictors of clinical outcomes and survival in HCM patients. In our study, 206 HCM patients were ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common genetic heart disease with diversified clinical presentation and it is important to identify new predictors of clinical outcomes and survival in HCM patients. In our study, 206 HCM patients were compared with respect to major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. By multivariable logistic analysis, we determined that palpitation, together with chronic heart failure (CHF) > 1 year, was an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE) in HCM patients (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.60–6.57, P = 0.001). Specially, palpitation was related to higher prevalence of rehospitalization (OR 3.86, 95% CI 2.08–7.08, P < 0.001), cardiac death (OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.05–8.32, P = 0.04) and heart failure exacerbation (OR 4.07, 95% CI 2.04–8.13, P < 0.001). However, patients presented with palpitation did not show a significantly different cardiac phenotype and function. Finally, palpitation predicted a poor prognosis in HCM patients without atrial fibrillation by utilizing Kaplan–Meier analysis (P = 0.041). In conclusion, palpitation could be a new predictor of clinical outcomes and overall survival in HCM patients.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Disturbances Brought about by Human Activities in Relation to the Eco-Environment of the Main Stream of the Tarim River, 2000–2020

Yabo Zhao / Weiwei Zhang / Cansong Li / Shifa Ma / Xiwen Zhang / Haiyan Jiang

Land, Vol 11, Iss 424, p

2022 Volume 424

Abstract: The main stream of the Tarim River in China is typical of ecologically sensitive areas that have been heavily disturbed by human activities; as such, the monitoring of the quality of its eco-environment constitutes an important task for researchers. By ... ...

Abstract	The main stream of the Tarim River in China is typical of ecologically sensitive areas that have been heavily disturbed by human activities; as such, the monitoring of the quality of its eco-environment constitutes an important task for researchers. By using GlobeLand30 data and applying the disturbance degree model and revised ecosystem service value (ESV) model, the study presented in this paper undertook a quantitative estimation of the effects of the disturbance impacts of human activities on the eco-environment of this area in the period of 2000 to 2020. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) disturbance index values, which reflect disturbance to the local ecosystem by human activities, increased over the study period. Further, cultivated land experienced the largest increase, which, in turn, brought about the most significant disturbance to the eco-environment. High disturbance index values presented a patchy distribution in the west of the main stream of the Tarim River and formed bands and dots in the east; the area of land characterized by high and moderate disturbance index values increased, with growth areas taking on a scattered distribution of patches, bands, and dots without significant spatial continuity. (2) The total ESV increased, indicating the quality of the eco-environment improved. The increase of cultivated land offset the increase in ESV, which counteracted the effects of ecological governance measures. Areas with high ESV values were mainly located in the western and central parts of the study area, while low values were found in the middle east and east. Areas with higher increases in ESV were mainly located in the western and the western part of the middle reaches and took on a zonal distribution, while areas of decrease followed a scattered distribution, presenting as dots or patches. Using the quantitative analysis methods and high-resolution remote sensing data to evaluate the changes in the eco-environment was considered as the innovation of this study, and the findings are ...
Keywords	human activities ; disturbance ; ecosystem service value ; GlobeLand30 ; the main stream of the Tarim River ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Improved l-phenylglycine synthesis by introducing an engineered cofactor self-sufficient system

Pengchao Wang / Xiwen Zhang / Yucheng Tao / Xubing Lv / Shengjie Cheng / Chengwei Liu

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 513-

2022 Volume 521

Abstract: l-phenylglycine (L-phg) is a valuable non-proteinogenic amino acid used as a precursor to β-lactam antibiotics, antitumor agent taxol and many other pharmaceuticals. L-phg synthesis through microbial bioconversion allows for high enantioselectivity and ... ...

Abstract	l-phenylglycine (L-phg) is a valuable non-proteinogenic amino acid used as a precursor to β-lactam antibiotics, antitumor agent taxol and many other pharmaceuticals. L-phg synthesis through microbial bioconversion allows for high enantioselectivity and sustainable production, which will be of great commercial and environmental value compared with organic synthesis methods. In this work, an L-phg synthesis pathway was built in Escherichia coli resulting in 0.23 mM L-phg production from 10 mM l-phenylalanine. Then, new hydroxymandelate synthases and hydroxymandelate oxidases were applied in the L-phg synthesis leading to a 5-fold increase in L-phg production. To address 2-oxoglutarate, NH4+, and NADH shortage, a cofactor self-sufficient system was introduced, which converted by-product l-glutamate and NAD+ to these three cofactors simultaneously. In this way, L-phg increased 2.5-fold to 2.82 mM. Additionally, in order to reduce the loss of these three cofactors, a protein scaffold between synthesis pathway and cofactor regeneration modular was built, which further improved the L-phg production to 3.72 mM with a yield of 0.34 g/g L-phe. This work illustrated a strategy applying for whole-cell biocatalyst converting amino acid to its value-added chiral amine in a cofactor self-sufficient manner.
Keywords	L-phenylglycine ; Whole-cell biocatalyst ; Self-sufficient ; Protein scaffold ; Hydroxymandelate synthase ; Biotechnology ; TP248.13-248.65 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Retraction Note

Jianxiao Chen / Xiwen Zhang / Jianfeng Xie / Ming Xue / Ling Liu / Yi Yang / Haibo Qiu

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Overexpression of TGFβ1 in murine mesenchymal stem cells improves lung inflammation by impacting the Th17/Treg balance in LPS-induced ARDS mice

2022 Volume 1

Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Adaptive Correcting Strokes Extracted From Chinese Characters in Digital Ink of Non-Native Writers Based on Comprehensive Visualization

Hao Bai / Xiwen Zhang

International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring, and Controls, Vol 2, Iss

2017 Volume 3

Keywords	Correction ; Visualization ; Digital ink ; Stroke extraction ; Chinese character ; Computer engineering. Computer hardware ; TK7885-7895 ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Exeley Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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