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Article ; Online: Otolaryngologists and the MAUDE Database: Hammers Looking for a Nail.

Xu, Lucy J / Kadakia, Kushal T / Rathi, Vinay K

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

2024

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	392085-9
ISSN	1097-6817 ; 0161-6439 ; 0194-5998
ISSN (online)	1097-6817
ISSN	0161-6439 ; 0194-5998
DOI	10.1002/ohn.771
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Article ; Online: Opioid-Sparing Pain Control after Rhinoplasty: Updated Review of the Literature.

Liu, Rui Han / Xu, Lucy J / Lee, Linda N

Facial plastic surgery : FPS

2023 Volume 39, Issue 6, Page(s) 674–678

Abstract: Rhinoplasty is one of the most performed elective surgeries, and given the opioid crisis, increasing research and studies are focused on successful pain control with multimodality opioid-sparing techniques, such as acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti- ... ...

Abstract	Rhinoplasty is one of the most performed elective surgeries, and given the opioid crisis, increasing research and studies are focused on successful pain control with multimodality opioid-sparing techniques, such as acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and gabapentin. Although limiting overuse of opioids is critical, this cannot be at the expense of inadequate pain control, particularly as insufficient pain control can be correlated with patient dissatisfaction and the postoperative experience in elective surgery. There is likely significant opioid overprescription, as patients often report taking less than 50% of their prescribed opioids. Furthermore, excess opioids provide opportunities for misuse and opioid diversion if not disposed of properly. To optimize postoperative pain control and minimize opioid requirements, interventions must occur at the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative time points. Preoperative counseling is imperative to set expectations for pain and to screen for predisposing factors for opioid misuse. Intraoperatively, use of local nerve blocks and long-acting analgesia in conjunction with modified surgical techniques can lead to prolonged pain control. Postoperatively, pain should be managed with a multimodal approach, incorporating acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and potentially gabapentin with opioids reserved for rescue analgesia. Rhinoplasty represents a category of short-stay, low/medium pain, and elective procedures highly susceptible to overprescription and consequently, are readily amenable to opioid minimization through standardized perioperative interventions. Recent literature on regimens and interventions to help limit opioids after rhinoplasty are reviewed and discussed here.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Acetaminophen/therapeutic use ; Gabapentin/therapeutic use ; Rhinoplasty/adverse effects ; Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy ; Pain, Postoperative/etiology ; Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Acetaminophen (362O9ITL9D) ; Gabapentin (6CW7F3G59X) ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	630090-x
ISSN	1098-8793 ; 0736-6825
ISSN (online)	1098-8793
ISSN	0736-6825
DOI	10.1055/a-2111-9203
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Article: Opioid-Sparing Pain Control after Rhinoplasty: Updated Review of the Literature

Liu, Rui Han / Xu, Lucy J. / Lee, Linda N.

Facial Plastic Surgery

(Functional Rhinoplasty)

2023 Volume 39, Issue 06, Page(s) 674–678

Series title	Functional Rhinoplasty
Abstract	Rhinoplasty is one of the most performed elective surgeries, and given the opioid crisis, increasing research and studies are focused on successful pain control with multimodality opioid-sparing techniques, such as acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and gabapentin. Although limiting overuse of opioids is critical, this cannot be at the expense of inadequate pain control, particularly as insufficient pain control can be correlated with patient dissatisfaction and the postoperative experience in elective surgery. There is likely significant opioid overprescription, as patients often report taking less than 50% of their prescribed opioids. Furthermore, excess opioids provide opportunities for misuse and opioid diversion if not disposed of properly. To optimize postoperative pain control and minimize opioid requirements, interventions must occur at the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative time points. Preoperative counseling is imperative to set expectations for pain and to screen for predisposing factors for opioid misuse. Intraoperatively, use of local nerve blocks and long-acting analgesia in conjunction with modified surgical techniques can lead to prolonged pain control. Postoperatively, pain should be managed with a multimodal approach, incorporating acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and potentially gabapentin with opioids reserved for rescue analgesia. Rhinoplasty represents a category of short-stay, low/medium pain, and elective procedures highly susceptible to overprescription and consequently, are readily amenable to opioid minimization through standardized perioperative interventions. Recent literature on regimens and interventions to help limit opioids after rhinoplasty are reviewed and discussed here.
Keywords	rhinoplasty ; postoperative pain ; opioids ; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ; acetaminophen ; opioid-sparing ; analgesia
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publisher	Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	630090-x
ISSN	1098-8793 ; 0736-6825
ISSN (online)	1098-8793
ISSN	0736-6825
DOI	10.1055/a-2111-9203
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Identifying Scientific and Technical “Unicorns”

Xu Lucy L. / Qi Miao / Ye Fred Y.

Journal of Data and Information Science, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 96-

2020 Volume 115

Abstract: Using the metaphor of “unicorn,” we identify the scientific papers and technical patents characterized by the informetric feature of very high citations in the first ten years after publishing, which may provide a new pattern to understand very high ... ...

Abstract	Using the metaphor of “unicorn,” we identify the scientific papers and technical patents characterized by the informetric feature of very high citations in the first ten years after publishing, which may provide a new pattern to understand very high impact works in science and technology.
Keywords	unicorn ; scientific paper ; technical patent ; citation analysis ; patent analysis ; Information technology ; T58.5-58.64 ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sciendo
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Outcomes of a Multicenter 10-Year Review of Postinjection Endophthalmitis and Associated Systemic Medical Comorbidities.

Xu, Lucy T / Price, Kenneth W / Ramos, Michael S / Nowacki, Amy S / Yuan, Alex / Yan, Jiong

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases

2023 Volume 7, Issue 6, Page(s) 504–509

Abstract: Purpose: ...

Abstract	Purpose:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2474-1272
ISSN (online)	2474-1272
DOI	10.1177/24741264231200738
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Cell death in cancer chemotherapy using taxanes.

Xu, Ana P / Xu, Lucy B / Smith, Elizabeth R / Fleishman, Joshua S / Chen, Zhe-Sheng / Xu, Xiang-Xi

Frontiers in pharmacology

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 1338633

Abstract: Cancer cells evolve to be refractory to the intrinsic programmed cell death mechanisms, which ensure cellular tissue homeostasis in physiological conditions. Chemotherapy using cytotoxic drugs seeks to eliminate cancer cells but spare non-cancerous host ... ...

Abstract	Cancer cells evolve to be refractory to the intrinsic programmed cell death mechanisms, which ensure cellular tissue homeostasis in physiological conditions. Chemotherapy using cytotoxic drugs seeks to eliminate cancer cells but spare non-cancerous host cells by exploring a likely subtle difference between malignant and benign cells. Presumably, chemotherapy agents achieve efficacy by triggering programmed cell death machineries in cancer cells. Currently, many major solid tumors are treated with chemotherapy composed of a combination of platinum agents and taxanes. Platinum agents, largely cis-platin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, are DNA damaging agents that covalently form DNA addicts, triggering DNA repair response pathways. Taxanes, including paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel, are microtubule stabilizing drugs which are often very effective in purging cancer cells in clinical settings. Generally, it is thought that the stabilization of microtubules by taxanes leads to mitotic arrest, mitotic catastrophe, and the triggering of apoptotic programmed cell death. However, the precise mechanism(s) of how mitotic arrest and catastrophe activate the caspase pathway has not been established. Here, we briefly review literature on the involvement of potential cell death mechanisms in cancer therapy. These include the classical caspase-mediated apoptotic programmed cell death, necroptosis mediated by MLKL, and pore forming mechanisms in immune cells, etc. In particular, we discuss a newly recognized mechanism of cell death in taxane-treatment of cancer cells that involves micronucleation and the irreversible rupture of the nuclear membrane. Since cancer cells are commonly retarded in responding to programmed cell death signaling, stabilized microtubule bundle-induced micronucleation and nuclear membrane rupture, rather than triggering apoptosis, may be a key mechanism accounting for the success of taxanes as anti-cancer agents.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2023.1338633
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Article ; Online: MANAGEMENT OF AN ATYPICAL CASE OF POSTOPERATIVE ENDOPHTHALMITIS PRESENTING AS ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA.

Liao, Albert / Xu, Lucy T / Yeh, Steven / Yan, Jiong

Retinal cases & brief reports

2022 Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 149–151

Abstract: Background/purpose: The purpose of this study was to report an atypical presentation of postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery that initially presented as angle-closure glaucoma and to discuss challenges with the case management because of ...

Abstract	Background/purpose: The purpose of this study was to report an atypical presentation of postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery that initially presented as angle-closure glaucoma and to discuss challenges with the case management because of the unusual presentation and patient noncompliance. Methods: This was an observational case report. B-scan ultrasound and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Results: A 69-year-old White man with a 1-week history of uncomplicated cataract surgery was referred to our glaucoma clinic because of vision loss and concern for angle-closure glaucoma. Anterior segment examination showed 360 degrees of flat anterior chamber with no hypopyon. A diagnosis of postoperative endophthalmitis was established when a B-scan ultrasound showed dense vitreous opacities. The patient underwent a pars plana vitrectomy, anterior chamber reformation, peripheral iridectomy, and intravitreal injection of antibiotics for treatment of endophthalmitis in the presence of an angle-closure glaucoma with good visual recovery. Conclusion: A low threshold for suspicion of endophthalmitis is needed after any routine intraocular procedure. An atypical presentation may masquerade as another pathology that delays the true diagnosis and treatment. Timely intervention in postoperative endophthalmitis is crucial in preserving vision.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/etiology ; Postoperative Complications/diagnosis ; Postoperative Complications/surgery ; Endophthalmitis/etiology ; Cataract Extraction/adverse effects ; Cataract
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1937-1578
ISSN (online)	1937-1578
DOI	10.1097/ICB.0000000000001342
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Restoration of neuronal progenitors by partial reprogramming in the aged neurogenic niche.

Xu, Lucy / Ramirez-Matias, Julliana / Hauptschein, Max / Sun, Eric D / Lunger, Judith C / Buckley, Matthew T / Brunet, Anne

Nature aging

2024 Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) 546–567

Abstract: Partial reprogramming (pulsed expression of reprogramming transcription factors) improves the function of several tissues in old mice. However, it remains largely unknown how partial reprogramming impacts the old brain. Here we use single-cell ... ...

Abstract	Partial reprogramming (pulsed expression of reprogramming transcription factors) improves the function of several tissues in old mice. However, it remains largely unknown how partial reprogramming impacts the old brain. Here we use single-cell transcriptomics to systematically examine how partial reprogramming influences the subventricular zone neurogenic niche in aged mouse brains. Whole-body partial reprogramming mainly improves neuroblasts (cells committed to give rise to new neurons) in the old neurogenic niche, restoring neuroblast proportion to more youthful levels. Interestingly, targeting partial reprogramming specifically to the neurogenic niche also boosts the proportion of neuroblasts and their precursors (neural stem cells) in old mice and improves several molecular signatures of aging, suggesting that the beneficial effects of reprogramming are niche intrinsic. In old neural stem cell cultures, partial reprogramming cell autonomously restores the proportion of neuroblasts during differentiation and blunts some age-related transcriptomic changes. Importantly, partial reprogramming improves the production of new neurons in vitro and in old brains. Our work suggests that partial reprogramming could be used to rejuvenate the neurogenic niche and counter brain decline in old individuals.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Neurons ; Neurogenesis/genetics ; Neural Stem Cells ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2662-8465
ISSN (online)	2662-8465
DOI	10.1038/s43587-024-00594-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Patient Satisfaction With Otolaryngology Care: Stratification by Race, Age, Gender, Income, and Language.

Naunheim, Matthew R / Xu, Lucy / Zhou, Guohai / Agarwala, Aalok

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

2022 Volume 166, Issue 6, Page(s) 1055–1061

Abstract: Objective: To understand how race, gender, income, and language are correlated with patient satisfaction scores.: Study design: Cross-sectional analysis of patient satisfaction data.: Setting: An urban/suburban academic otolaryngology practice.: ...

Abstract	Objective: To understand how race, gender, income, and language are correlated with patient satisfaction scores. Study design: Cross-sectional analysis of patient satisfaction data. Setting: An urban/suburban academic otolaryngology practice. Methods: Patients presenting for outpatient otolaryngology visits from 2017 to 2020 were surveyed for patient satisfaction following a visit with their otolaryngology provider. Categorical responses and numerical responses were collected regarding overall satisfaction as well as a variety of more specific satisfaction questions. Responses were matched to both provider characteristics and patient demographic data. Differences in satisfaction by demographic data were assessed with descriptive statistics as well as a multivariable mixed-effect model to adjust for repeated responder data and control for confounding factors. Results: In total, 55,469 surveys were included, the majority of which were from white, English-speaking patients. Overall satisfaction levels were very high across all questions. The individual provider was associated highly with satisfaction, but provider gender was not. Race, age, and gender of the patient had a statistically significant impact on patient satisfaction, with higher levels of satisfaction among patients who were older, white, and male; income and language did not. Conclusion: Patient factors including race, age, and gender had a significant impact on ratings on outpatient otolaryngology patient satisfaction surveys, with nonwhite, younger, female patients reporting lower scores.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Otolaryngology ; Patient Satisfaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392085-9
ISSN	1097-6817 ; 0161-6439 ; 0194-5998
ISSN (online)	1097-6817
ISSN	0161-6439 ; 0194-5998
DOI	10.1177/01945998221076797
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Article: Multimodal diagnostic imaging in primary vitreoretinal lymphoma.

Xu, Lucy T / Huang, Ye / Liao, Albert / Anthony, Casey L / Voloschin, Alfredo / Yeh, Steven

International journal of retina and vitreous

2022 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 58

Abstract: Background: Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is an aggressive lymphoma that may present with protean features and represents a diagnostic challenge. Given that patients with PVRL are at high risk of CNS involvement with a high mortality and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is an aggressive lymphoma that may present with protean features and represents a diagnostic challenge. Given that patients with PVRL are at high risk of CNS involvement with a high mortality and morbidity rate, prompt diagnosis is crucial to initiate treatment early in the disease course. A multimodality imaging approach including fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein and indocyanine angiography, and electroretinography (ERG) can provide information to establish a diagnosis and provide objective measures for management. We review key findings seen via these imaging modalities in patients with PVRL. Observations: Fundus photography can highlight commonly seen patterns of PVRL including vitritis, subretinal disease, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) abnormalities, optic nerve edema, retinal detachment, and less typical retinitis-like lesions. FAF can identify characteristic patterns of hyper- and hypoautofluorescent signal abnormalities in the macula. Spectral-domain OCT will demonstrate vitreous cells, RPE nodularity, and hyperreflectivity of the outer retina. The presence of a hyper-reflective band in the subretinal space and infiltrates between the RPE and Bruch's membrane can assist in distinguishing PVRL from choroidal lymphoma. Vertical hyperreflective columns (VHRLs) are another pertinent finding that may represent microinfiltrates of the tumor. OCT has proven to be a particularly useful modality in assessing the progress of treatment in PVRL. Fluorescein angiography can show RPE changes, which include granularity, late staining at the RPE level, and blockage. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) primarily shows hypocyanescence, which corresponds to PVRL lesions on fundus photography and may occur secondary to loss of RPE and choriocapillaris. Conclusion: While PVRL remains a challenging disease to diagnose and follow, the use of a multimodality imaging approach may assist in establishing a diagnosis. Because of the anatomic spaces PVRL may affect, fundus photography, OCT, FAF, angiography, and ERG can identify key characteristics of the disease, differentiate PVRL from other diseases, and provide baseline information for targeted systemic and local therapies. Further assessment of anatomic and functional targets will aid our clinical application of multimodal imaging in the management of PVRL.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2836254-8
ISSN	2056-9920
ISSN	2056-9920
DOI	10.1186/s40942-022-00405-0
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