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Article ; Online: Effect of silencing the E74B gene on the development and metamorphosis of Helicoverpa armigera.

Xu, Xinhui / Li, Tingting / Zhang, Lianjun / Liu, Xiaoning

2023 Volume 80, Issue 3, Page(s) 1435–1445

Abstract: Background: The growth and development transition of insects are mainly mediated by ecdysone. As one of the ecdysone-induced transcription factors, E74 is involved in many physiological processes of insect growth and development. However, E74 and its ... ...

Abstract	Background: The growth and development transition of insects are mainly mediated by ecdysone. As one of the ecdysone-induced transcription factors, E74 is involved in many physiological processes of insect growth and development. However, E74 and its function in Helicoverpa armigera remains unclear. Results: In this study, E74B, a subtype of the E74, was identified for the first time in H. armigera. Bioinformatics analysis showed that H. armigera E74B shared the highest homology with E74B in Bombyx mori, which belongs to the E26 transformation-specific (ETS) superfamily. The expression profile showed that the transcription level of HaE74B increased in the late stages of fourth to sixth instars compared with the early stages; it was also high in the pupa and midgut. Moreover, we investigated the function of HaE74B through RNA interference and 20E rescue experiments. The results showed silencing of E74B affected the molting and growth of larvae, resulting in the death of more than 60% of larvae. In addition, it also seriously affected the metamorphosis of H. armigera, which reduced the pupae rate, the eclosion rate of the pupae, and fecundity. Application of 20E partially restored the defects in the molting, development and pupae rate of H. armigera. Conclusion: Taken together, these results demonstrated that HaE74B plays a critical role in the growth, development, and metamorphosis of H. armigera, which serves as a molecular target and sets out a theoretical foundation for RNAi-mediated control of this key pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Helicoverpa armigera ; Ecdysone ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Metamorphosis, Biological ; Larva ; Moths ; Insect Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Ecdysone (3604-87-3) ; Transcription Factors ; Insect Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001705-4
ISSN	1526-4998 ; 1526-498X
ISSN (online)	1526-4998
ISSN	1526-498X
DOI	10.1002/ps.7874
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Article ; Online: Highly Efficient Photodynamic Hydrogel with AIE-Active Photosensitizers toward Methicillin-Resistant

Chen, Ying / Xu, Ziqiang / Wang, Xin / Sun, Xuexue / Xu, Xinhui / Li, Xiao / Cheng, Guohui

ACS biomaterials science & engineering

2024

Abstract: Methicillin- ... ...

Abstract	Methicillin-resistant
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2373-9878
ISSN (online)	2373-9878
DOI	10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00056
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Article ; Online: Predictive value of CD86 for the occurrence of sepsis (Sepsis-3) in patients with infection.

Lv, Dan / Zhang, Keji / Zhu, Changqing / Xu, Xinhui / Gong, Hao / Liu, Li

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) e0302063

Abstract: This prospective observational study explored the predictive value of CD86 in the early diagnosis of sepsis in the emergency department. The primary endpoint was the factors associated with a diagnosis of sepsis. The secondary endpoint was the factors ... ...

Abstract	This prospective observational study explored the predictive value of CD86 in the early diagnosis of sepsis in the emergency department. The primary endpoint was the factors associated with a diagnosis of sepsis. The secondary endpoint was the factors associated with mortality among patients with sepsis. It enrolled inpatients with infection or high clinical suspicion of infection in the emergency department of a tertiary Hospital between September 2019 and June 2021. The patients were divided into the sepsis and non-sepsis groups according to the Sepsis-3 standard. The non-sepsis group included 56 patients, and the sepsis group included 65 patients (19 of whom ultimately died). The multivariable analysis showed that CD86% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.44, P = 0.015), platelet count (OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.986-0.997, P = 0.001), interleukin-10 (OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.004-1.025, P = 0.009), and procalcitonin (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.01-1.37, P = 0.043) were independent risk factors for sepsis, while human leukocyte antigen (HLA%) (OR = 0.96, 05%CI: 0.935-0.995, P = 0.022), respiratory rate (OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.03-1.30, P = 0.014), and platelet count (OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.002-1.016, P = 0.016) were independent risk factors for death in patients with sepsis. The model for sepsis (CD86%, platelets, interleukin-10, and procalcitonin) and the model for death (HLA%, respiratory rate, and platelets) had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.870 and 0.843, respectively. CD86% in the first 24 h after admission for acute infection was independently associated with the occurrence of sepsis in the emergency department.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Procalcitonin ; Prognosis ; ROC Curve ; Sepsis/complications ; Sepsis/diagnosis
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8) ; Procalcitonin
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0302063
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Article ; Online: How do urban forests with different land use histories influence soil organic carbon?

Xu, Xinhui / Wang, Cheng / Sun, Zhenkai / Hao, Zezhou / Day, Susan

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2023 May, v. 83 p.127918-

2023

Abstract: Urban forests play a vital role in building soil organic carbon pools in urban areas. In many cases, urban forests are constructed on land previously used for agriculture, parks, or buildings. However, it is still being determined whether historical land ...

Abstract	Urban forests play a vital role in building soil organic carbon pools in urban areas. In many cases, urban forests are constructed on land previously used for agriculture, parks, or buildings. However, it is still being determined whether historical land use affects soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in these forests. In this study, we asked: 1) How are SOC and its labile fractions (LOC) in urban forests affected by historical land use? and 2) How do SOC and LOC vary with time and vegetation type in urban forests built on land with different histories? We collected soil samples at three soil depths, 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm, in 48 evergreen and 77 deciduous forest plots in 77 parks in Beijing, all built within the last 30 years. Plots represent two historical land use types, vegetated or non-vegetated, and three planting time classes, young (5–10 years), intermediate (11–20 years), and old (21–30 years). Our findings showed that there were significant differences between historical land use types in SOC and microbial organic carbon (MBC), this may be due to backfill soil before greening on non-vegetated land. Urban forests that were built on vegetated land accumulated SOC over time, while those on historically non-vegetated land did not. Evergreen forests had greater SOC and LOC than deciduous forests only on historically non-vegetated land. In addition, SOC and LOC were found to be negatively affected by increased soil bulk density. However, soil bulk density was not significantly different between both historical land use types and urban forest types. Overall, our study indicates that if SOC sequestration is a high priority in urban forests, cities could concentrate on more efficient management to increase SOC, such as soil rehabilitation and the use of evergreen tree species.
Keywords	carbon sequestration ; deciduous forests ; land use ; soil density ; soil organic carbon ; trees ; urban forestry ; urban forests ; China ; Historical land use ; Labile soil organic carbon ; Plant functional type ; Urban soils
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	1618-8667
DOI	10.1016/j.ufug.2023.127918
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Article ; Online: mRNA sequencing reveals the distinct gene expression and biological functions in cardiac fibroblasts regulated by recombinant fibroblast growth factor 2.

Sun, Changye / Bai, Mengru / Jia, Yangyang / Tian, Xiangqin / Guo, Yonglong / Xu, Xinhui / Guo, Zhikun

PeerJ

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) e15736

Abstract: After myocardial injury, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) differentiate into myofibroblasts, which express and secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) components for myocardial repair, but also promote myocardial fibrosis. Recombinant fibroblast growth factor 2 ( ... ...

Abstract	After myocardial injury, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) differentiate into myofibroblasts, which express and secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) components for myocardial repair, but also promote myocardial fibrosis. Recombinant fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) protein drug with low molecular weight can promote cell survival and angiogenesis, and it was found that FGF2 could inhibit the activation of CFs, suggesting FGF2 has great potential in myocardial repair. However, the regulatory role of FGF2 on CFs has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that recombinant FGF2 significantly suppressed the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in CFs. Through RNA sequencing, we analyzed mRNA expression in CFs and the differently expressed genes regulated by FGF2, including 430 up-regulated genes and 391 down-regulated genes. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were strongly enriched in multiple biological functions, including ECM organization, cell adhesion, actin filament organization and axon guidance. The results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) show that ECM organization and actin filament organization are down-regulated, while axon guidance is up-regulated. Further cellular experiments indicate that the regulatory functions of FGF2 are consistent with the findings of the gene enrichment analysis. This study provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic role of FGF2 in treating cardiac fibrosis and establishes a foundation for further research to uncover the underlying mechanisms of CFs gene expression regulated by FGF2.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/genetics ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibrosis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Gene Expression
Chemical Substances	Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (103107-01-3) ; RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359 ; 2167-8359
ISSN (online)	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.15736
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Article ; Online: EFFECTS OF SHENFU INJECTION ON SUBLINGUAL MICROCIRCULATION IN SEPTIC SHOCK PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.

Wang, Shiwei / Liu, Guoxiang / Chen, Li / Xu, Xinhui / Jia, Tianyuan / Zhu, Changqing / Xiong, Jianfei

Shock (Augusta, Ga.)

2022 Volume 58, Issue 3, Page(s) 196–203

Abstract: Abstract: Background and Objective: The optimization of macrocirculatory hemodynamics is recommended by current sepsis guidelines. However, microcirculatory dysfunction is considered the cause of severe sepsis. In the present study, we designed to ... ...

Abstract	Abstract: Background and Objective: The optimization of macrocirculatory hemodynamics is recommended by current sepsis guidelines. However, microcirculatory dysfunction is considered the cause of severe sepsis. In the present study, we designed to verify whether the application of Shenfu injection (SFI) restores microcirculation, thereby improving tissue perfusion and inhibiting organ dysfunction, resulting in improved outcomes. Design: We conducted a prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to group receiving SFI (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) for 5 days. We administered SFI or glucose injection for 5 days and blinded the investigators and clinical staff by applying light-proof infusion equipment that concealed therapy allocation. Measurements and Results: We measured the systemic dynamics and lactate levels, biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, and inflammatory cytokines in the plasma. The parameters of sublingual microcirculation were assessed using side-stream dark-field imaging. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) score, total dose, and duration of vasopressor use, emergency intensive care unit (EICU) stay, and 28-day mortality were evaluated. After treatment with SFI, the disturbance of the sublingual microcirculation was considerably alleviated, as indicated by the significant increase in total vessel density, perfused vessel density, and microvascular flow index. Moreover, the plasma biomarker levels of endothelial dysfunction, including Ang-2, Syn-1, and ET-1, were reversed after SFI treatment. Importantly, the SFI group had a more favorable prognosis than the control group in terms of the APACHE-II score, SOFA score, duration of vasopressor administration, and length of EICU stay. However, the difference in mortality at day 28 was not statistically different between the SFI (15%, 3/20) and placebo (25%, 5/20) groups ( P = 0.693). Conclusions : Shenfu injection provided apparent effects in improving sublingual microcirculatory perfusion in patients with septic shock, and this protection may be related with the inhibition of endothelial dysfunction and vasodilatory effects.
MeSH term(s)	Cytokines ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Glucose/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lactates/pharmacology ; Microcirculation ; Mouth Floor/blood supply ; Prospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Shock, Septic/therapy ; Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Lactates ; Shen-Fu ; Vasoconstrictor Agents ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1185432-7
ISSN	1540-0514 ; 1073-2322
ISSN (online)	1540-0514
ISSN	1073-2322
DOI	10.1097/SHK.0000000000001975
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Article ; Online: Automatic Detection of Scalp High-Frequency Oscillations Based on Deep Learning.

Li, Yutang / Cao, Dezhi / Qu, Junda / Wang, Wei / Xu, Xinhui / Kong, Lingyu / Liao, Jianxiang / Hu, Wenhan / Zhang, Kai / Wang, Jihan / Li, Chunlin / Yang, Xiaofeng / Zhang, Xu

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

2024 Volume 32, Page(s) 1627–1636

Abstract: Scalp high-frequency oscillations (sHFOs) are a promising non-invasive biomarker of epilepsy. However, the visual marking of sHFOs is a time-consuming and subjective process, existing automatic detectors based on single-dimensional analysis have ... ...

Abstract	Scalp high-frequency oscillations (sHFOs) are a promising non-invasive biomarker of epilepsy. However, the visual marking of sHFOs is a time-consuming and subjective process, existing automatic detectors based on single-dimensional analysis have difficulty with accurately eliminating artifacts and thus do not provide sufficient reliability to meet clinical needs. Therefore, we propose a high-performance sHFOs detector based on a deep learning algorithm. An initial detection module was designed to extract candidate high-frequency oscillations. Then, one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) deep learning models were designed, respectively. Finally, the weighted voting method is used to combine the outputs of the two model. In experiments, the precision, recall, specificity and F1-score were 83.44%, 83.60%, 96.61% and 83.42%, respectively, on average and the kappa coefficient was 80.02%. In addition, the proposed detector showed a stable performance on multi-centre datasets. Our sHFOs detector demonstrated high robustness and generalisation ability, which indicates its potential applicability as a clinical assistance tool. The proposed sHFOs detector achieves an accurate and robust method via deep learning algorithm.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Deep Learning ; Scalp ; Reproducibility of Results ; Epilepsy/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1166307-8
ISSN	1558-0210 ; 1063-6528 ; 1534-4320
ISSN (online)	1558-0210
ISSN	1063-6528 ; 1534-4320
DOI	10.1109/TNSRE.2024.3389010
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Article: Assessing the effect of human activities on biophony in urban forests using an automated acoustic scene classification model

Hao, Zezhou / Zhan, Haisong / Zhang, Chengyun / Pei, Nancai / Sun, Bing / He, Jihong / Wu, Ruichen / Xu, Xinhui / Wang, Cheng

Ecological indicators. 2022 Nov., v. 144

2022

Abstract: Monitoring biodiversity and assessing the impact of human activities using acoustics is a promising area in the field of urban ecology. Previous studies on urban biodiversity using acoustics are often limited by data continuity and survey scope, making ... ...

Abstract	Monitoring biodiversity and assessing the impact of human activities using acoustics is a promising area in the field of urban ecology. Previous studies on urban biodiversity using acoustics are often limited by data continuity and survey scope, making it difficult to answer questions about relationships between bird population dynamics and environmental factors. To some extent, big data methods such as continuous acoustic monitoring have bridged this gap and provided new research paths to address the problem. In this study, we proposed a machine learning (ML) method that uses convolutional neural networks (CNN) and target sound area ratios (TSAR) to quantify the dominance of seven types of acoustic scenes. Acoustic data was recorded at nine sites in three urban forests in Guangzhou, China. Using the site-related sound data, we trained the convolutional neural network and identified seven target soundscape components with an overall F1 score of 0.97, a precision of 0.96, and a recall of 0.97. Spatial patterns of acoustic scenes in urban forests were examined to understand the effective working radius of monitoring equipment and the impacts of differing land use types on the composition of soundscapes. This study indicates significant interactions between human activities and biodiversity using acoustics, demonstrates that vocal organisms respond to environmental changes primarily by changes in their vocal frequencies, and proposes a novel framework for utilizing acoustics to monitor urban biodiversity. Going forth, these analyses help to promote the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainability of urban development.
Keywords	acoustics ; automation ; biodiversity ; birds ; equipment ; humans ; land use ; neural networks ; population dynamics ; surveys ; urban development ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2036774-0
ISSN	1872-7034 ; 1470-160X
ISSN (online)	1872-7034
ISSN	1470-160X
DOI	10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109437
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Article: Effects of Urban Forest Types and Traits on Soil Organic Carbon Stock in Beijing

Xu, Xinhui / Sun, Zhenkai / Hao, Zezhou / Bian, Qi / Wei, Kaiyue / Wang, Cheng

Forests. 2021 Mar. 26, v. 12, no. 4

2021

Abstract: Forests can affect soil organic carbon (SOC) quality and distribution through forest types and traits. However, much less is known about the influence of urban forests on SOC, especially in the effects of different forest types, such as coniferous and ... ...

Abstract	Forests can affect soil organic carbon (SOC) quality and distribution through forest types and traits. However, much less is known about the influence of urban forests on SOC, especially in the effects of different forest types, such as coniferous and broadleaved forests. Our objectives were to assess the effects of urban forest types on the variability of SOC content (SOC concentration (SOCC) and SOC density (SOCD)) and determine the key forest traits influencing SOC. Data from 168 urban forest plots of coniferous or broadleaved forests located in the Beijing urban area were used to predict the effects of forest types and traits on SOC in three different soil layers, 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm. The analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were used to test the differences in SOC between forest types or layers. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to explain the influence of forest traits on SOC and select the significant predictors. Our results showed that in urban forests, the SOCC and SOCD values of the coniferous forest group were both significantly higher than those of the broadleaved group. The SOCC of the surface soil was significantly higher than those of the following two deep layers. In PLSR models, 42.07% of the SOCC variance and 35.83% of the SOCD variance were explained by forest traits. Diameter at breast height was selected as the best predictor variable by comparing variable importance in projection (VIP) scores in the models. The results suggest that forest types and traits could be used as an optional approach to assess the organic carbon stock in urban forest soils. This study found substantial effects of urban forest types and traits on soil organic carbon sequestration, which provides important data support for urban forest planning and management.
Keywords	carbon sequestration ; carbon sinks ; coniferous forests ; soil organic carbon ; tree and stand measurements ; urban areas ; urban forests ; variance ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0326
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f12040394
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Article ; Online: The features comparison between patients in the ICU and general wards and between patients with different outcomes: a 2020 COVID-19 study.

Chen, Yuan / Geng, Yue / Xu, Xinhui / Chen, Xiaohua / Gao, Jie / Li, Jian / Zhang, Xuemin

Annals of palliative medicine

2021 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 672–680

Abstract: Background: The novel 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) has largely abated in China; however, sporadic or imported cases are still a concern, while in other countries, the COVID-19 pandemic persists as a major health crisis.: Methods: All patients enrolled ...

Abstract	Background: The novel 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) has largely abated in China; however, sporadic or imported cases are still a concern, while in other countries, the COVID-19 pandemic persists as a major health crisis. Methods: All patients enrolled in this study were diagnosed with COVID-19 from February 21, 2020 to April 14, 2020 in Wuhan. We retrospectively analyzed the patients admitted to the ICU (137 patients) and general wards (114 patients) of Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital in China. The population characteristics, symptoms, and laboratory examination results between the patients in the ICU and those in the general wards were compared. Furthermore, the differences between the deceased patients in the ICU and those discharged from the ICU were compared. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of symptoms, including fever, shortness of breath, no presence of complications, presence of 1 complication, and presence of 3 or more complications (P<0.05). There were also significant differences between the patients in terms of the laboratory examination results including elevated urea nitrogen, creatinine, direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cells, C-reactive protein, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 10, interleukin 2 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-α, troponin I, phosphokinase isoenzyme-MB, and B-type natriuretic peptide; and decreased platelets, lymphocyte absolute value, and eosinophil absolute value (<0.05). There were 45 patients who died in ICU and 57 improved and discharged patients. There were significant differences between the two groups in the number of patients that had 1 complication and 3 or more complications (P<0.05). There were also significant differences in the laboratory examination results between the patients including elevated urea nitrogen, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, procalcitonin, white blood cells, interleukin 8, interleukin 10, phosphokinase isoenzyme-MB, and B-type natriuretic peptide; and decreased platelets and eosinophil absolute value (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings highlight that the identified determinants may help to improve treatment of COVID-19 patients, to predict the risk of developing severe illness and to optimizing arrangement of health resources.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Bilirubin/blood ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Blood Proteins/analysis ; Blood Sedimentation ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; COVID-19/blood ; COVID-19/mortality ; Creatine Kinase/blood ; Creatinine/analysis ; Cytokines/blood ; Female ; Fever/virology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood ; Procalcitonin/blood ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Blood Proteins ; Cytokines ; Procalcitonin ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain (114471-18-0) ; Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU) ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) ; Aspartate Aminotransferases (EC 2.6.1.1) ; Creatine Kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) ; Bilirubin (RFM9X3LJ49)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-02
Publishing country	China
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2828544-X
ISSN	2224-5839 ; 2224-5839
ISSN (online)	2224-5839
ISSN	2224-5839
DOI	10.21037/apm-21-25
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