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Article ; Online: La représentation des masculinités dans le Traité des injures de Dareau (1775)

Clarissa Y. Yang

Clio@Themis, Vol

2023 Volume 25

Abstract: Published in 1775, Dareau's Traité des injures proposes to codify the regulation of insults based on the articulation between authorities, hierarchies, and masculine honor. Starting with insults, he sketches out plural masculinities, whose general ... ...

Abstract	Published in 1775, Dareau's Traité des injures proposes to codify the regulation of insults based on the articulation between authorities, hierarchies, and masculine honor. Starting with insults, he sketches out plural masculinities, whose general governance is based on the domus model. At the pinnacle of this masculine hierarchy are the "men of law", who encompass the professions associated with justice in the broadest sense. While he mobilizes several features inherited from the Renaissance magistrate, Dareau also bears witness to the influence of new gender norms of liberal and bourgeois inspiration. Starting with the entry on insults, the legal treatise thus helps to promote a new discourse on the virile ideal in the last third of the 18th century.
Keywords	masculinities ; legal doctrine ; insults ; violence ; jurist ; Social Sciences ; H
Language	French
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Association Clio et Themis
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Assessment of rock glaciers and their water storage in Guokalariju, Tibetan Plateau

M. Li / Y. Yang / Z. Peng / G. Liu

The Cryosphere, Vol 18, Pp 1-

2024 Volume 16

Abstract: Rock glaciers are important hydrological reserves in arid and semi-arid regions. Their activity states can indicate the existence of permafrost. To help further explore the development mechanisms of rock glaciers in semi-arid and humid transition regions, ...

Abstract	Rock glaciers are important hydrological reserves in arid and semi-arid regions. Their activity states can indicate the existence of permafrost. To help further explore the development mechanisms of rock glaciers in semi-arid and humid transition regions, this paper provides a detailed rock glacier inventory of the Guokalariju (also known as Goikarla Rigyu) area of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) using a manual visual interpretation of Google Earth Pro remote sensing imagery. We also estimated the water volume equivalent (WVEQ) in the study area for the first time. Approximately 5057 rock glaciers were identified, covering a total area of ∼404.69 km 2 . Rock glaciers are unevenly distributed within the three sub-regions from west to east, with 80 % of them concentrated in the central region, where climatic and topographic conditions are most favorable. Under the same ground temperature conditions, increases in precipitation are conducive to rock glaciers forming at lower altitudes. Indeed, the lower limit of rock glaciers' mean altitude decreased eastward with increasing precipitation. Estimates of the water storage capacity of rock glaciers obtained by applying different methods varied considerably, but all showed the potential hydrological value of rock glaciers. The possible water storage in the subsurface ice of rock glacier permafrost was 1.32–3.60 km 3 . The ratio between the amount of subsurface ice stored in rock glaciers and surface ice stored in local glaciers falls within the range of 1:2.32 to 1:1.26 , with an average ratio of 1:1.69 . In the west region, where the climate is the driest, the water storage capacity of rock glaciers was estimated to be up to twice as large as that of the sub-region's glaciers. Changes in water resources and permafrost stability in the area where rock glaciers occur will have implications for regional water resource management, disaster prevention, and sustainable development strategies.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Subject code	550 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Increased spatial extent and likelihood of compound long-duration dry and hot events in China, 1961–2014

Y. Yang / D. Maraun / A. Ossó / J. Tang

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol 23, Pp 693-

2023 Volume 709

Abstract: Compound dry and hot events can cause aggregated damage compared with isolated hazards. Although increasing attention has been paid to compound dry and hot events, the persistence of such hazards is rarely investigated. Moreover, little attention has ... ...

Abstract	Compound dry and hot events can cause aggregated damage compared with isolated hazards. Although increasing attention has been paid to compound dry and hot events, the persistence of such hazards is rarely investigated. Moreover, little attention has been paid to the simultaneous evolution process of such hazards in space and time. Based on observations during 1961–2014, the spatiotemporal characteristics of compound long-duration dry and hot (LDDH) events in China during the summer season are investigated on both a grid basis and a 3D event basis. Grid-scale LDDH events mainly occur in eastern China, especially over northeastern areas. Most regions have experienced a pronounced increase in the likelihood of LDDH events, which is dominated by increasing temperatures. From a 3D perspective, 146 spatiotemporal LDDH (SLDDH) events are detected and grouped into 9 spatial patterns. Over time, there is a significant increase in the frequency and spatial extent of SLDDH events. Consistent with the grid-scale LDDH events, hotspots of SLDDH events mainly occur in northern China, such as the Northeast China, North China and Qinghai clusters, which are accompanied by a high occurrence frequency and large affected areas greater than 300 000 km 2 .
Keywords	Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Subject code	950 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Building a pipeline to identify and engineer constitutive and repressible promoters

Eric J.Y. Yang / Jennifer L. Nemhauser

Quantitative Plant Biology, Vol

2023 Volume 4

Abstract: To support the increasingly complex circuits needed for plant synthetic biology applications, additional constitutive promoters are essential. Reusing promoter parts can lead to difficulty in cloning, increased heterogeneity between transformants, ... ...

Abstract	To support the increasingly complex circuits needed for plant synthetic biology applications, additional constitutive promoters are essential. Reusing promoter parts can lead to difficulty in cloning, increased heterogeneity between transformants, transgene silencing and trait instability. We have developed a pipeline to identify genes that have stable expression across a wide range of Arabidopsis tissues at different developmental stages and have identified a number of promoters that are well expressed in both transient (Nicotiana benthamiana) and stable (Arabidopsis) transformation assays. We have also introduced two genome-orthogonal gRNA target sites in a subset of the screened promoters, converting them into NOR logic gates. The work here establishes a pipeline to screen for additional constitutive promoters and can form the basis of constructing more complex information processing circuits in the future.
Keywords	Arabidopsis thaliana ; Boolean logic ; constitutive promoter ; Nicotiana benthamiana ; synthetic biology ; Plant culture ; SB1-1110 ; Botany ; QK1-989
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Earthquake and deterioration inclusive probabilistic life cycle assessment (EDP-LCA) framework for buildings

Jorge Andrés Ramos Guerrero / T.Y. Yang / Omar Swei

Resilient Cities and Structures, Vol 2, Iss 3, Pp 30-

2023 Volume 40

Abstract: With increasing demand to reduce the carbon emission of buildings, it is crucial to quantify the life cycle environmental impact of new buildings, including the environmental impact due to natural hazards, such as earthquakes. This study presents a novel ...

Abstract	With increasing demand to reduce the carbon emission of buildings, it is crucial to quantify the life cycle environmental impact of new buildings, including the environmental impact due to natural hazards, such as earthquakes. This study presents a novel comprehensive probabilistic framework to quantify the environmental impact of buildings, including uncertainties in the material extraction and production, transportation, construction, seismic exposure and aging (including deterioration), and end-of-life stages. The developed framework is used to quantify the environmental impact of a 3-story residential building located in Vancouver, Canada. The results show that there is a significant variation in the environmental impact of the prototype building in each stage of the life cycle assessment. If the prototype building is hit by the design level earthquake, it is expected that the median environmental impact of the prototype will be further increased by 42%. In addition, by accounting for the probability of occurrence of different earthquakes within a 50-year design life of the prototype building, the earthquake related damage will result in an additional 5% of the initial carbon emission of the building. This shows the importance of including earthquake hazard and deterioration in whole building life cycle assessments.
Keywords	Seismic performance evaluation ; Life cycle assessment ; Structural deterioration ; Performance based earthquake engineering ; Sustainable buildings ; Disasters and engineering ; TA495 ; Cities. Urban geography ; GF125
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of global fires and their emissions

H. Fan / X. Yang / C. Zhao / Y. Yang / Z. Shen

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 23, Pp 7781-

2023 Volume 7798

Abstract: Intense regional fires are a common occurrence in the context of climate warming and have progressively evolved into one of the major natural disasters in terrestrial ecosystems, posing a serious hazard to the atmosphere and climate change. We ... ...

Abstract	Intense regional fires are a common occurrence in the context of climate warming and have progressively evolved into one of the major natural disasters in terrestrial ecosystems, posing a serious hazard to the atmosphere and climate change. We investigated the spatial distribution, intensity, emission changes, and meteorological differences between fires in different fire-active and fire-prone regions globally based on multi-source satellite remote sensing fire data, emission data, and meteorological data in order to better understand the change trend of fire activity at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The findings demonstrate that while the burned area (BA) has decreased slowly over the last 20 years, the burned fraction (BF), the fire count (FC), and the fire radiative power (FRP) all exhibit pronounced regional and seasonal variations. The physical characteristics of fires, including the BF, FC, and FRP, experience greater seasonal variation as latitude increases, with summer and autumn being the seasons with the most frequent fire occurrence worldwide. This study also shows that the emissions declined substantially between 2012 and 2020 in northern Canada, Alaska, and northeastern China, whereas it notably increased in the Siberia region during the same period, primarily due to a rise in summer emissions. The results based on classification show that the difference in CO 2 produced by fires among regions is relatively small. Excluding CO 2 , aerosol emissions (the total of organic carbon (OC), total carbon (TC), black carbon (BC)) ranged from 78.6 % to 84.2 %, while the least significant air pollutants (the total of PM 2.5 , SO 2 , and NO x ) ranged from 5.8 % to 11.7 %. The abundance of vegetation predominately affects the intensity change in fire development, while the weather conditions can also indirectly influence the incidence of fire by altering the growth condition of vegetation. Correspondingly, the increase in temperature in the Northern Hemisphere's middle- and high-latitude forest regions ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Fiscal policy in the 21st century

Georgios Karras / Michael C.-Y. Yang

Journal of Government and Economics, Vol 6, Iss , Pp 100038- (2022)

Evidence on automatic stabilizers in the European union

2022

Abstract: Using data from 29 European countries over 2002Q1–2019Q4, we estimate automatic stabilizers using various techniques, and show that the use of simple measures of government size as proxies is based on assumptions that are unrealistic and potentially ... ...

Abstract	Using data from 29 European countries over 2002Q1–2019Q4, we estimate automatic stabilizers using various techniques, and show that the use of simple measures of government size as proxies is based on assumptions that are unrealistic and potentially misleading. Relaxing these assumptions allows us to construct measures of automatic stabilizers which are based on revenue and expenditure elasticities that are estimated directly using the regression-based approach and allowed to vary across countries. We demonstrate that higher automatic stabilizers are associated with lower output volatility, and the relationship is statistically significant and remarkably robust. At the same time, however, the “stabilization benefit” of automatic stabilizers is shown to have varied considerably across countries and over time.
Keywords	E32 ; E62 ; H60 ; Economics as a science ; HB71-74
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Testing a maximum evaporation theory over saturated land

Z. Tu / Y. Yang / M. L. Roderick

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 26, Pp 1745-

implications for potential evaporation estimation

2022 Volume 1754

Abstract: State-of-the-art evaporation models usually assume net radiation ( R n ) and surface temperature ( T s ... or near-surface air temperature) to be independent forcings on evaporation. However, R n depends directly on T s via outgoing longwave radiation, and ...

Abstract	State-of-the-art evaporation models usually assume net radiation ( R n ) and surface temperature ( T s or near-surface air temperature) to be independent forcings on evaporation. However, R n depends directly on T s via outgoing longwave radiation, and this creates a physical coupling between R n and T s that extends to evaporation. In this study, we test a maximum evaporation theory originally developed for the global ocean over saturated land surfaces, which explicitly acknowledges the interactions between radiation, T s , and evaporation. Similar to the ocean surface, we find that a maximum evaporation ( L E max ) emerges over saturated land that represents a generic trade-off between a lower R n and a higher evaporation fraction as T s increases. Compared with flux site observations at the daily scale, we show that L E max corresponds well to observed evaporation under non-water-limited conditions and that the T s value at which L E max occurs also corresponds with the observed T s . Our results suggest that saturated land surfaces behave essentially the same as ocean surfaces at timescales longer than a day and further imply that the maximum evaporation concept is a natural attribute of saturated land surfaces, which can be the basis of a new approach to estimating evaporation.
Keywords	Technology ; T ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	511
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Review of the energy-based design theory

Ge Song / Ying Zhou / T.Y. Yang

Resilient Cities and Structures, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 80-

Towards the application to self-centering systems

2022 Volume 97

Abstract: Self-centering systems exhibit superior performance during earthquake shaking with lower damage and less residual deformations. Although the equivalent static force design procedure is the commonly used one for most structural systems for seismic ... ...

Abstract	Self-centering systems exhibit superior performance during earthquake shaking with lower damage and less residual deformations. Although the equivalent static force design procedure is the commonly used one for most structural systems for seismic applications, the cumulative damage and the effective duration of earthquakes cannot be explicitly considered, which has significantly affected the behaviors and post-earthquake performance of self-centering systems. Energy-based design theory (EBDT), which introduces the energy demand as the critical parameter to establish relations with structural damage, has gained attention around the world in recent decades. The EBDT can provide comprehensive considerations for structural responses and damage in design procedures, especially for self-centering systems. However, few researches and actual energy design projects focus on the use of EBDT for self-centering systems. This paper intends to present thorough review of several critical issues in EBDT. Meanwhile, pivotal gaps that need to be further investigated towards the application of EBDT to self-centering systems are identified and discussed in the paper.
Keywords	Self-centering systems ; Lower damage ; Cumulative damage ; Duration of earthquakes ; Energy-based design theory ; Disasters and engineering ; TA495 ; Cities. Urban geography ; GF125
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Dust pollution in China affected by different spatial and temporal types of El Niño

Y. Yang / L. Zeng / H. Wang / P. Wang / H. Liao

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 22, Pp 14489-

2022 Volume 14502

Abstract: Dust is an important aerosol affecting air quality in China in the winter and spring seasons. Dust in China is potentially influenced by the interannual climate variability associated with El Niño. Here, the impacts of El Niño with different temporal and ...

Abstract	Dust is an important aerosol affecting air quality in China in the winter and spring seasons. Dust in China is potentially influenced by the interannual climate variability associated with El Niño. Here, the impacts of El Niño with different temporal and spatial types on dust pollution in boreal winter and spring in China and the potential mechanisms are investigated using a state-of-the-art Earth system model (E3SMv1). We find that the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niño both increase wintertime dust concentrations by 5–50 µ g m −3 over central-eastern China. Due to a stronger wind and lower relative humidity, which favor dust emissions near sources, and a strengthened northwesterly and reduced precipitation, which are conducive to dust transport, dust concentrations during the CP El Niño are 5–20 µ g m −3 higher in northern China than during the EP El Niño, although the changes are mostly insignificant. El Niño with a short duration (SD) increases boreal winter dust concentrations by 20–100 µ g m −3 over northern China relative to the climatological mean, while there is a decrease of 5–50 µ g m −3 during the long-duration (LD) El Niño, which is also related to the El Niño-induced changes in atmospheric circulation, precipitation, and relative humidity. In the following spring season, all types of El Niño events enhance dust over northern China, but only the increase during the LD El Niño is statistically significant, suggesting that the weaker intensity but longer duration of the LD El Niño events can significantly affect spring dust in China. Our results contribute to the current knowledge of the influence of El Niño on dust pollution, which has profound implications for air pollution control and dust storm prediction.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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