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  1. Article ; Online: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor systems in the hypothalamus and the brainstem regulate feeding and weight through distinct pathways.

    Yada, Toshihiko

    Journal of diabetes investigation

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 282–284

    Abstract: The report by Adriaenssens et al. in JCI Insight 22 May 2023 explored the role and property of the neurons that express glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) in the brainstem and hypothalamus. The chemogenetic activation of the ... ...

    Abstract The report by Adriaenssens et al. in JCI Insight 22 May 2023 explored the role and property of the neurons that express glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) in the brainstem and hypothalamus. The chemogenetic activation of the brainstem GIPR neurons and that of the hypothalamic GIPR neurons showed different feeding and behavior responses. The brainstem GIPR neurons projected to the paraventricular hypothalamus and lateral parabrachial nucleus. Fluorescent-labeled, stabilized peptide GIPR agonist (GIPRA), peripherally injected, localized to the area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, median eminence and arcuate hypothalamus. This report showed the role of brainstem GIPR neurons in receiving GIPRA to drive the neural circuit to reduce feeding and bodyweight. In this commentary, distinct and possible cooperative roles of the hypothalamic and the brainstem GIPR pathways will also be discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone ; Brain Stem ; Neurons
    Chemical Substances gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (D6H00MV7K8) ; Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-23
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2625840-7
    ISSN 2040-1124 ; 2040-1116
    ISSN (online) 2040-1124
    ISSN 2040-1116
    DOI 10.1111/jdi.14130
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  2. Article: Status of ghrelin as an islet hormone and paracrine/autocrine regulator of insulin secretion

    Dezaki, Katsuya / Yada, Toshihiko

    Peptides. 2022 Feb., v. 148

    2022  

    Abstract: Ghrelin is expressed in the pancreatic islet cells as well as the stomach. In the perfused pancreas and isolated islets, GHS-R antagonism, ghrelin immunoneutralization and ghrelin-knockout (Ghr-KO) all increase glucose-induced insulin release. Thus, ... ...

    Abstract Ghrelin is expressed in the pancreatic islet cells as well as the stomach. In the perfused pancreas and isolated islets, GHS-R antagonism, ghrelin immunoneutralization and ghrelin-knockout (Ghr-KO) all increase glucose-induced insulin release. Thus, pharmacological, immunological and genetic blockades of ghrelin in the pancreatic islets all markedly augment glucose-induced insulin release, showing that islet-derived ghrelin physiologically restricts insulin release in rodents. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the following key questions: 1) from which islet cells ghrelin is released, 2) on which islet cells ghrelin acts, and 3) mechanisms by which the islet-derived ghrelin inhibits insulin secretion.
    Keywords antagonism ; autocrine signaling ; ghrelin ; insulin ; insulin secretion ; islets of Langerhans ; stomach
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-02
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 769028-9
    ISSN 1873-5169 ; 0196-9781
    ISSN (online) 1873-5169
    ISSN 0196-9781
    DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170681
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  3. Article ; Online: Status of ghrelin as an islet hormone and paracrine/autocrine regulator of insulin secretion.

    Dezaki, Katsuya / Yada, Toshihiko

    Peptides

    2021  Volume 148, Page(s) 170681

    Abstract: Ghrelin is expressed in the pancreatic islet cells as well as the stomach. In the perfused pancreas and isolated islets, GHS-R antagonism, ghrelin immunoneutralization and ghrelin-knockout (Ghr-KO) all increase glucose-induced insulin release. Thus, ... ...

    Abstract Ghrelin is expressed in the pancreatic islet cells as well as the stomach. In the perfused pancreas and isolated islets, GHS-R antagonism, ghrelin immunoneutralization and ghrelin-knockout (Ghr-KO) all increase glucose-induced insulin release. Thus, pharmacological, immunological and genetic blockades of ghrelin in the pancreatic islets all markedly augment glucose-induced insulin release, showing that islet-derived ghrelin physiologically restricts insulin release in rodents. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the following key questions: 1) from which islet cells ghrelin is released, 2) on which islet cells ghrelin acts, and 3) mechanisms by which the islet-derived ghrelin inhibits insulin secretion.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Ghrelin/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism ; Receptors, Ghrelin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances GHRL protein, human ; Ghrelin ; Insulin ; Receptors, Ghrelin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 769028-9
    ISSN 1873-5169 ; 0196-9781
    ISSN (online) 1873-5169
    ISSN 0196-9781
    DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170681
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  4. Article ; Online: TRPV1-Mediated Sensing of Sodium and Osmotic Pressure in POMC Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus.

    Zhang, Boyang / Kario, Kazuomi / Yada, Toshihiko / Nakata, Masanori

    Nutrients

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 13

    Abstract: The central melanocortin system conducted by anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) not only regulates feeding behavior but also blood ... ...

    Abstract The central melanocortin system conducted by anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) not only regulates feeding behavior but also blood pressure. Excessive salt intake raises the Na
    MeSH term(s) Agouti-Related Protein/metabolism ; Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/metabolism ; Osmotic Pressure ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels/genetics ; TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Agouti-Related Protein ; TRPV Cation Channels ; TRPV1 protein, mouse ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin (66796-54-1) ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu14132600
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  5. Article: TRPV1-Mediated Sensing of Sodium and Osmotic Pressure in POMC Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus

    Zhang, Boyang / Kario, Kazuomi / Yada, Toshihiko / Nakata, Masanori

    Nutrients. 2022 June 23, v. 14, no. 13

    2022  

    Abstract: The central melanocortin system conducted by anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) not only regulates feeding behavior but also blood ... ...

    Abstract The central melanocortin system conducted by anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) not only regulates feeding behavior but also blood pressure. Excessive salt intake raises the Na⁺ concentration ([Na⁺]) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and worsens hypertension. The blood–brain barrier is immature in the ARC. Therefore, both AgRP and POMC neurons in the ARC have easy access to the electrolytes in the blood and can sense changes in their concentrations. However, the sensitivity of AgRP and POMC neurons to Na⁺ remains unclear. This study aimed to explore how the changes in the extracellular Na⁺ concentration ([Na⁺]) influence these neurons by measuring the cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]ᵢ) in the single neurons isolated from the ARC that were subsequently immunocytochemically identified as AgRP or POMC neurons. Both AgRP and POMC neurons responded to increases in both [Na⁺] and osmolarity in C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) knockout (KO) mice, POMC neurons failed to respond to increases in both [Na⁺] and osmolarity, while they responded to high glucose and angiotensin II levels with increases in [Ca²⁺]ᵢ. Moreover, in KO mice fed a high-salt diet, the expression of POMC was lower than that in wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that changes in [Na⁺] and osmolarity are sensed by the ARC POMC neurons via the TRPV1-dependent mechanism.
    Keywords blood ; blood pressure ; blood-brain barrier ; calcium ; cerebrospinal fluid ; diet ; glucose ; hypertension ; hypothalamus ; osmolarity ; osmotic pressure ; pro-opiomelanocortin ; sodium ; transient receptor potential vanilloid channels
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0623
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu14132600
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  6. Article ; Online: New insight into GABAergic neurons in the hypothalamic feeding regulation.

    Suyama, Shigetomo / Yada, Toshihiko

    The journal of physiological sciences : JPS

    2018  Volume 68, Issue 6, Page(s) 717–722

    Abstract: Several lines of study have suggested that GABA in the hypothalamic feeding center plays a role in promoting food intake. Recent studies revealed that not only NPY/AgRP neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) that co-express GABA but also other ...

    Abstract Several lines of study have suggested that GABA in the hypothalamic feeding center plays a role in promoting food intake. Recent studies revealed that not only NPY/AgRP neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) that co-express GABA but also other GABAergic neurons act as an orexigenic. Here, we review the progress of studies on hypothalamic GABAergic neurons distributed in ARC, dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), and lateral hypothalamus (LH). Three advanced technologies have been applied and greatly contributed to the recent progress. Optogenetic (and chemogenetic) approaches map input and output pathways of particular subpopulations of GABAergic neurons. In vivo Ca
    MeSH term(s) Agouti-Related Protein/metabolism ; Animals ; Appetite Regulation ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; GABAergic Neurons/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/cytology ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Neural Pathways/metabolism ; Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques ; Neuropeptide Y/metabolism ; Optogenetics ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Synaptic Transmission ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Chemical Substances AGRP protein, human ; Agouti-Related Protein ; Neuropeptide Y ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (56-12-2) ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin (66796-54-1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-12
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2234472-X
    ISSN 1880-6562 ; 1880-6546
    ISSN (online) 1880-6562
    ISSN 1880-6546
    DOI 10.1007/s12576-018-0622-8
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  7. Article: d-Allulose Inhibits Ghrelin-Responsive, Glucose-Sensitive and Neuropeptide Y Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus and Central Injection Suppresses Appetite-Associated Food Intake in Mice

    Rakhat, Yermek / Kaneko, Kentaro / Wang, Lei / Han, Wanxin / Seino, Yutaka / Yabe, Daisuke / Yada, Toshihiko

    Nutrients. 2022 July 29, v. 14, no. 15

    2022  

    Abstract: d-allulose, a rare sugar, has sweetness with few calories. d-allulose regulates feeding and glycemia, and ameliorates hyperphagia, obesity and diabetes. All these functions involve the central nervous system. However, central mechanisms underlying these ... ...

    Abstract d-allulose, a rare sugar, has sweetness with few calories. d-allulose regulates feeding and glycemia, and ameliorates hyperphagia, obesity and diabetes. All these functions involve the central nervous system. However, central mechanisms underlying these effects of d-allulose remain unknown. We recently reported that d-allulose activates the anorexigenic neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), the neurons that respond to glucagon-like peptide-1 and that express proopiomelanocortin. However, its action on the orexigenic neurons remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of d-allulose on the ARC neurons implicated in hunger, by measuring cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]ᵢ) in single neurons. d-allulose depressed the increases in [Ca²⁺]ᵢ induced by ghrelin and by low glucose in ARC neurons and inhibited spontaneous oscillatory [Ca²⁺]ᵢ increases in neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons. d-allulose inhibited 10 of 35 (28%) ghrelin-responsive, 18 of 60 (30%) glucose-sensitive and 3 of 8 (37.5%) NPY neurons in ARC. Intracerebroventricular injection of d-allulose inhibited food intake at 20:00 and 22:00, the early dark phase when hunger is promoted. These results indicate that d-allulose suppresses hunger-associated feeding and inhibits hunger-promoting neurons in ARC. These central actions of d-allulose represent the potential of d-allulose to inhibit the hyperphagia with excessive appetite, thereby counteracting obesity and diabetes.
    Keywords blood glucose ; calcium ; central nervous system ; diabetes ; food intake ; ghrelin ; glucagon-like peptide 1 ; glucose ; hunger ; neuropeptide Y ; obesity ; overeating ; pro-opiomelanocortin ; psicose ; sweetness
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0729
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu14153117
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  8. Article: D-Allulose cooperates with glucagon-like peptide-1 and activates proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus and central injection inhibits feeding in mice

    Yermek, Rakhat / Wang, Lei / Kaneko, Kentaro / Han, Wanxin / Seino, Yutaka / Yabe, Daisuke / Yada, Toshihiko

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2022 July 12, v. 613

    2022  

    Abstract: A rare sugar D-Allulose has sweetness without calorie. Previous studies have shown that D-Allulose improves glucose and energy metabolism and ameliorates obesity. However, underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study explored the effect of central ... ...

    Abstract A rare sugar D-Allulose has sweetness without calorie. Previous studies have shown that D-Allulose improves glucose and energy metabolism and ameliorates obesity. However, underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study explored the effect of central injection of D-Allulose on feeding behavior in mice. We also examined direct effects of D-Allulose on the neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) that regulate feeding, including the anorexigenic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-responsive neurons and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Single neurons were isolated from ARC and cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]ᵢ) was measured by fura-2 microfluorometry. Administration of D-Allulose at 5.6, 16.7 and 56 mM concentration-dependently increased [Ca²⁺]ᵢ in ARC neurons. The [Ca²⁺]ᵢ increases took place similarly when the osmolarity of superfusion solution was kept constant. The majority (40%) of the D-Allulose-responsive neurons also responded to GLP-1 with [Ca²⁺]ᵢ increases. D-Allulose increased [Ca²⁺]ᵢ in 33% of POMC neurons in ARC. D-Allulose potentiated the GLP-1 action to increase [Ca²⁺]ᵢ in ARC neurons including POMC neurons. Intracerebroventricular injection of D-Allulose significantly decreased food intake at 1 and 2 h after injection. These results demonstrate that D-Allulose cooperates with glucagon-like peptide-1 and activates the ARC neurons including POMC neurons. Furthermore, central injection of D-Allulose inhibits feeding. These central actions of D-Allulose may underlie the ability of D-Allulose to counteract obesity and diabetes.
    Keywords calcium ; diabetes ; energy metabolism ; food intake ; glucagon-like peptide 1 ; glucose ; obesity ; osmolarity ; pro-opiomelanocortin ; psicose ; research ; sweetness
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0712
    Size p. 159-165.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.027
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  9. Article ; Online: D-Allulose cooperates with glucagon-like peptide-1 and activates proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus and central injection inhibits feeding in mice.

    Yermek, Rakhat / Wang, Lei / Kaneko, Kentaro / Han, Wanxin / Seino, Yutaka / Yabe, Daisuke / Yada, Toshihiko

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications

    2022  Volume 613, Page(s) 159–165

    Abstract: A rare sugar D-Allulose has sweetness without calorie. Previous studies have shown that D-Allulose improves glucose and energy metabolism and ameliorates obesity. However, underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study explored the effect of central ... ...

    Abstract A rare sugar D-Allulose has sweetness without calorie. Previous studies have shown that D-Allulose improves glucose and energy metabolism and ameliorates obesity. However, underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study explored the effect of central injection of D-Allulose on feeding behavior in mice. We also examined direct effects of D-Allulose on the neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) that regulate feeding, including the anorexigenic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-responsive neurons and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Single neurons were isolated from ARC and cytosolic Ca
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Fructose ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism ; Mice ; Neurons/metabolism ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Obesity/metabolism ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances psicose (23140-52-5) ; Fructose (30237-26-4) ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin (66796-54-1) ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.027
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  10. Article ; Online: d-Allulose Inhibits Ghrelin-Responsive, Glucose-Sensitive and Neuropeptide Y Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus and Central Injection Suppresses Appetite-Associated Food Intake in Mice.

    Rakhat, Yermek / Kaneko, Kentaro / Wang, Lei / Han, Wanxin / Seino, Yutaka / Yabe, Daisuke / Yada, Toshihiko

    Nutrients

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 15

    Abstract: d-allulose, a rare sugar, has sweetness with few calories. d-allulose regulates feeding and glycemia, and ameliorates hyperphagia, obesity and diabetes. All these functions involve the central nervous system. However, central mechanisms underlying these ... ...

    Abstract d-allulose, a rare sugar, has sweetness with few calories. d-allulose regulates feeding and glycemia, and ameliorates hyperphagia, obesity and diabetes. All these functions involve the central nervous system. However, central mechanisms underlying these effects of d-allulose remain unknown. We recently reported that d-allulose activates the anorexigenic neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), the neurons that respond to glucagon-like peptide-1 and that express proopiomelanocortin. However, its action on the orexigenic neurons remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of d-allulose on the ARC neurons implicated in hunger, by measuring cytosolic Ca
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Appetite ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/physiology ; Eating ; Fructose ; Ghrelin/pharmacology ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Hyperphagia/prevention & control ; Mice ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuropeptide Y/metabolism ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
    Chemical Substances Ghrelin ; Neuropeptide Y ; psicose (23140-52-5) ; Fructose (30237-26-4) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu14153117
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