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  1. Book ; Online: SymNoise

    Yadav, Abhay Kumar / Singh, Arjun

    Advancing Language Model Fine-tuning with Symmetric Noise

    2023  

    Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a novel fine-tuning technique for language models, which involves incorporating symmetric noise into the embedding process. This method aims to enhance the model's function by more stringently regulating its local curvature, ... ...

    Abstract In this paper, we introduce a novel fine-tuning technique for language models, which involves incorporating symmetric noise into the embedding process. This method aims to enhance the model's function by more stringently regulating its local curvature, demonstrating superior performance over the current method, NEFTune. When fine-tuning the LLaMA-2-7B model using Alpaca, standard techniques yield a 29.79% score on AlpacaEval. However, our approach, SymNoise, increases this score significantly to 69.04%, using symmetric noisy embeddings. This is a 6.7% improvement over the state-of-the-art method, NEFTune~(64.69%). Furthermore, when tested on various models and stronger baseline instruction datasets, such as Evol-Instruct, ShareGPT, OpenPlatypus, SymNoise consistently outperforms NEFTune. The current literature, including NEFTune, has underscored the importance of more in-depth research into the application of noise-based strategies in the fine-tuning of language models. Our approach, SymNoise, is another significant step towards this direction, showing notable improvement over the existing state-of-the-art method.
    Keywords Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-12-03
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article: To Determine the Genotyping of Fc-gamma Receptor FCGR2A Polymorphism as Genetic Susceptibility to Neonatal Sepsis: A Study from a Tertiary Center of North India.

    Chowdhary, Sarita / Sharma, Kanika / Ashish, Ashish / Yadav, Abhay Kumar / Panigrahi, Pranay / Mishra, Akas / Kumar, Deepak / Singh, Royana

    Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 718–722

    Abstract: Background: Neonatal sepsis term is an infection of newborns <28 days of age. It is a common cause of death in developing countries. The receptor-gamma receptor FCGR2A has been shown to be associated with neonatal sepsis. It is an activating receptor ... ...

    Abstract Background: Neonatal sepsis term is an infection of newborns <28 days of age. It is a common cause of death in developing countries. The receptor-gamma receptor FCGR2A has been shown to be associated with neonatal sepsis. It is an activating receptor found in many cell types such as monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, platelets, and others. The receptor has a polymorphism (single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1801274) in its gene (FCGR2A) that encodes either a histidine (H) or arginine (R) at amino acid position 131. There are many studies showing the impact of these FCGR2A polymorphisms on sepsis. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of Fc-gamma receptor FCGR2A (rs1801274) polymorphism in neonatal sepsis and control in Eastern UP populations.
    Patients and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study of 590 patients (310 healthy individuals and 280 sepsis patients) to determine polymorphisms in the CD32A coding region in neonates. All individuals were genotyped for a variant at position 131 of the FcγRIIA gene.
    Discussion: In our study, the prevalence of FcγRIIa polymorphism is more in neonates with sepsis than in noninfected neonates. It was observed that the heterozygous allele (AG) were significantly increased in septic neonates when compared to the normal.
    Conclusion: Our data indicate that FcγRIIA genotyping can be used as a marker of genetic susceptibility to sepsis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-14
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2164528-0
    ISSN 1998-3891 ; 0971-9261
    ISSN (online) 1998-3891
    ISSN 0971-9261
    DOI 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_52_22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections from Varanasi, India

    Zaveri, Lamuk / Singh, Royana / Basu, Priyoneel / Banu, Sofia / Mukherjee, Payel / Vishwakarma, Shani / Sahni, Chetan / Kaur, Manpreet / Singh, Nitish Kumar / Yadav, Abhay Kumar / Yadav, Ajay Kumar / Ashish, Ashish / Mishra, Shivani / Tiwari, Shivam / Mishra, Surendra Pratap / Vodapalli, Amareshwar / Bollu, Himasri / Das, Debashruti / Singh, Prajjval Pratap /
    Chaubey, Gyaneshwer / Sowpati, Divya Tej / Tallapaka, Karthik Bharadwaj

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Studies worldwide have shown that the available vaccines are highly effective against SARS-CoV-2. However, there are growing laboratory reports that the newer variants of concerns (VOCs e.g. Alpha, Beta, Delta etc) may evade vaccine induced defense. In ... ...

    Abstract Studies worldwide have shown that the available vaccines are highly effective against SARS-CoV-2. However, there are growing laboratory reports that the newer variants of concerns (VOCs e.g. Alpha, Beta, Delta etc) may evade vaccine induced defense. In addition to that, there are few ground reports on health workers having breakthrough infections. In order to understand VOC driven breakthrough infection we investigated 14 individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after being administered a single or double dose of Covishield (ChAdOx1, Serum Institute of India) from the city of Varanasi, which is located in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Genomic analysis revealed that 78.6% (11/14) of the patients were infected with the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant. Notably, the frequency (37%) of this variant in the region was significantly lower (p<0.01), suggesting that the vaccinated people were asymmetrically infected with the Delta variant. Most of the patients tested displayed mild symptoms, indicating that even a single dose of the vaccine can help in reducing the severity of the disease. However, more comprehensive epidemiological studies are required to understand the effectiveness of vaccines against the newer VOCs.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-22
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.09.19.21262487
    Database COVID19

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  4. Article ; Online: Estimation of real-infection and immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in Indian populations

    Singh, Prajjval Pratap / Tamang, Rakesh / Shukla, Manoj / Pathak, Abhishek / Srivastava, Anshika / Gupta, Pranav / Bhatt, Alay / Shrivastava, Abhishek K. / Upadhyay, Sudhir K. / Singh, Ashish / Maurya, Sanjeev / Saxena, Purnendu / Singh, Vanya / Chaubey, Akhilesh Kumar / Mishra, Dinesh Kumar / Patel, Yashvant / Pandey, Rudra Kumar / Srivastava, Ankit / Khanam, Nargis /
    Das, Debashruti / Bandopadhyay, Audditiya / Chorol, Urgyan / Pasupuleti, Nagarjuna / Kumar, Sachin / Prakash, Satya / Mishra, Astha / Dubey, Pavan Kumar / Parihar, Ajit / Basu, Priyoneel / Sequeira, Jaison J / KC, Lavanya / Vijayalaxmi, Vijayalaxmi / Bhat.K, Vishnu Shreekara / Ijinu, Thadiyan Parambil / Aggarwal, Dau Dayal / Prakash, Anand / Yadav, Kiran / Yadav, Anupam / Upadhyay, Vandana / Mukim, Gunjan / Bhandari, Ankan / Ghosh, Ankita / Kumar, Akash / Yadav, Vijay Kumar / Nigam, Kriti / Harshey, Abhimanyu / Das, Tanurup / Devadas, Deepa / Mishra, Surendra Pratap / Kumar, Ashish / Yadav, Abhay Kumar / Singh, Nitish Kumar / Kaur, Manpreet / Kumar, Sanjay / Srivastava, Nikhil / Sharma, Charu / Chowdhury, Ritabrata / Jain, Dharmendra / Kumar, Abhai / Shukla, Ritesh / Mishra, Raghav Kumar / Singh, Royana / Tripathi, Yamini B / Mishra, Vijay Nath / Mustak, Mohammed S. / Rai, Niraj / Rawat, Sumit Kumar / Survajhala, Prashant / singh, Keshav K / Mallick, Chandana Basu / Shrivastava, Pankaj / Chaubey, Gyaneshwer

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Infection born by Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has swept the world within a time of a few months. It has created a devastating effect on humanity with social and economic depressions. Europe and America were the hardest hit continents. India has also lost ... ...

    Abstract Infection born by Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has swept the world within a time of a few months. It has created a devastating effect on humanity with social and economic depressions. Europe and America were the hardest hit continents. India has also lost several lives, making the country fourth most deadly worldwide. However, the infection and death rate per million and the case fatality ratio in India were substantially lower than many of the developed nations. Several factors have been proposed including the genetics. One of the important facts is that a large chunk of Indian population is asymptomatic to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the real infection in India is much higher than the reported number of cases. Therefore, the majority of people are already immune in the country. To understand the dynamics of real infection as well as level of immunity against SARS-CoV-2, we have performed antibody testing (serosurveillance) in the urban region of fourteen Indian districts encompassing six states. In our survey, the seroprevalence frequency varied between 0.01-0.48, suggesting high variability of viral transmission among states. We also found out that the cases reported by the Government were several fold lower than the real infection. This discrepancy is majorly driven by a higher number of asymptomatic cases. Overall, we suggest that with the high level of immunity developed against SARS-CoV-2 in the majority of the districts, it is less likely to have a second wave in India.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-08
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.02.05.21251118
    Database COVID19

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