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Article ; Online: Progression of vertebral deformity of prevalent vertebral fractures in the elderly: a population-based study.

Akeda, Koji / Nakase, Kazuma / Yamada, Junichi / Takegami, Norihiko / Fujiwara, Tatsuhiko / Sudo, Akihiro

2024 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 110

Abstract: Background: Little is known about the progression pattern of vertebral deformities in elderly patients with prevalent vertebral fractures. This population-based cohort study investigated the incidence, progression pattern, and risk factors of vertebral ... ...

Abstract	Background: Little is known about the progression pattern of vertebral deformities in elderly patients with prevalent vertebral fractures. This population-based cohort study investigated the incidence, progression pattern, and risk factors of vertebral deformity in prevalent vertebral fractures over a finite period of four years in a population-based cohort study. Methods: A total of 224 inhabitants of a typical mountain village underwent medical examinations every second year from 1997 to 2009, and each participant was followed up for four years. The extent (mild, moderate, severe) and type (wedge, biconcave, crush) of prevalent vertebral fractures on spinal radiographs were evaluated using the Genant semi-quantitative method. Of these participants, 116 with prevalent vertebral fractures at baseline (32 men and 84 women; mean age: 70.0 years) were included in this study. The progression patterns of the 187 vertebral fractures with mild and moderate deformities (except severe deformity) were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with deformity progression. Results: The progression of vertebral deformities was identified in 13.4% (25 vertebral fractures) of the total 187 prevalent (mild and moderate) vertebral fracture deformities over four years. Among the three deformity types, the prevalence of deformity progression was significantly lower in wedge-type vertebral fractures (P < 0.05). Age and number of prevalent vertebral fractures per participant were independent risk factors associated with the progression of prevalent vertebral deformities. Conclusion: This study clarified the natural history of the progression pattern of vertebral deformities in radiographic prevalent vertebral fractures in elderly individuals. Multiple vertebral fractures in the elderly present a risk for the progression of vertebral deformities.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Spinal Fractures/diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Fractures/epidemiology ; Spinal Fractures/etiology ; Cohort Studies ; Fractures, Bone/complications ; Spinal Diseases/complications ; Radiography ; Bone Diseases, Developmental/complications ; Bone Density
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041355-5
ISSN	1471-2474 ; 1471-2474
ISSN (online)	1471-2474
ISSN	1471-2474
DOI	10.1186/s12891-024-07254-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Retrospective Analysis of Factors Associated with the Treatment Outcomes of Intradiscal Platelet-Rich Plasma-Releasate Injection Therapy for Patients with Discogenic Low Back Pain.

Akeda, Koji / Fujiwara, Tatsuhiko / Takegami, Norihiko / Yamada, Junichi / Sudo, Akihiro

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

2023 Volume 59, Issue 4

Abstract: Background and ... ...

Abstract	Background and Objectives
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Intervertebral Disc/pathology ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/complications ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/therapy ; Low Back Pain/drug therapy ; Low Back Pain/etiology ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2188113-3
ISSN	1648-9144 ; 1010-660X
ISSN (online)	1648-9144
ISSN	1010-660X
DOI	10.3390/medicina59040640
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Article ; Online: Association between low back pain and psychological stress response in a Japanese population-based study.

Takegami, Norihiko / Akeda, Koji / Yamada, Junichi / Nishimura, Akinobu / Sudo, Akihiro

Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association

2023

Abstract: Background: Psychological stress response refers to the negative emotional states generated when an individual perceives that they do not have the resources to cope with or respond to a threat. Low back pain (LBP) is a complex condition with multiple ... ...

Abstract	Background: Psychological stress response refers to the negative emotional states generated when an individual perceives that they do not have the resources to cope with or respond to a threat. Low back pain (LBP) is a complex condition with multiple contributors, including psychological factors. However, whether LBP is a stressor that causes a psychological stress response remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between LBP and psychological stress response in a Japanese population-based cohort. Methods: Participants aged >50 years were recruited from inhabitants of a mountain village in Japan. The participants completed the following patient-reported outcome measures. The extent of the psychological stress response was measured using the Stress response scale (SRS)-18, which includes the subscales "Depression/Anxiety", "Irritability/Anger", and "Helplessness". LBP intensity in several situations/positions was measured using a numerical rating scale (NRS). Quality of life (QOL) was measured using the Oswestry Disability Index, EuroQol 5-dimension, and EuroQol visual analog scales. The association between SRS-18 and each parameter was statistically evaluated. Results: A total of 282 participants (72.1 years old) were analyzed in this study, and 29.1% had chronic LBP. The SRS-18 total score of all participants ranged from 0 to 43, and the average SRS-18 total score was 7.7 ± 8.8 (depression/anxiety: 2.3 ± 3.2, irritability/anger: 2.4 ± 3.3, helplessness: 2.9 ± 3.2). SRS-18 scores of participants with LBP were significantly higher than those of participants without LBP. SRS-18 scores were significantly correlated with QOL scores (P < 0.01, correlation coefficient = 0.22-0.46). Multiple regression analysis showed that the NRS score of LBP during morning awakening was significantly associated with the SRS-18 total, depression/anxiety, and helplessness scores. Conclusions: Psychological stress responses were associated with LBP and LBP-related QOL among residents of a Japanese mountain village.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-12
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1314243-4
ISSN	1436-2023 ; 0949-2658
ISSN (online)	1436-2023
ISSN	0949-2658
DOI	10.1016/j.jos.2023.04.001
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Article: Promotion of synaptogenesis and neural circuit development by exosomes.

Yamada, Jun / Jinno, Shozo

Annals of translational medicine

2020 Volume 7, Issue Suppl 8, Page(s) S323

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-03
Publishing country	China
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2893931-1
ISSN	2305-5847 ; 2305-5839
ISSN (online)	2305-5847
ISSN	2305-5839
DOI	10.21037/atm.2019.09.154
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Book ; Online: Efficient Skill Acquisition for Complex Manipulation Tasks in Obstructed Environments

Yamada, Jun / Collins, Jack / Posner, Ingmar

2023

Abstract: Data efficiency in robotic skill acquisition is crucial for operating robots in varied small-batch assembly settings. To operate in such environments, robots must have robust obstacle avoidance and versatile goal conditioning acquired from only a few ... ...

Abstract	Data efficiency in robotic skill acquisition is crucial for operating robots in varied small-batch assembly settings. To operate in such environments, robots must have robust obstacle avoidance and versatile goal conditioning acquired from only a few simple demonstrations. Existing approaches, however, fall short of these requirements. Deep reinforcement learning (RL) enables a robot to learn complex manipulation tasks but is often limited to small task spaces in the real world due to sample inefficiency and safety concerns. Motion planning (MP) can generate collision-free paths in obstructed environments, but cannot solve complex manipulation tasks and requires goal states often specified by a user or object-specific pose estimator. In this work, we propose a system for efficient skill acquisition that leverages an object-centric generative model (OCGM) for versatile goal identification to specify a goal for MP combined with RL to solve complex manipulation tasks in obstructed environments. Specifically, OCGM enables one-shot target object identification and re-identification in new scenes, allowing MP to guide the robot to the target object while avoiding obstacles. This is combined with a skill transition network, which bridges the gap between terminal states of MP and feasible start states of a sample-efficient RL policy. The experiments demonstrate that our OCGM-based one-shot goal identification provides competitive accuracy to other baseline approaches and that our modular framework outperforms competitive baselines, including a state-of-the-art RL algorithm, by a significant margin for complex manipulation tasks in obstructed environments. Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
Keywords	Computer Science - Robotics ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
Subject code	629
Publishing date	2023-03-06
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: TWIST

Yamada, Jun / Rigter, Marc / Collins, Jack / Posner, Ingmar

Teacher-Student World Model Distillation for Efficient Sim-to-Real Transfer

2023

Abstract: Model-based RL is a promising approach for real-world robotics due to its improved sample efficiency and generalization capabilities compared to model-free RL. However, effective model-based RL solutions for vision-based real-world applications require ... ...

Abstract	Model-based RL is a promising approach for real-world robotics due to its improved sample efficiency and generalization capabilities compared to model-free RL. However, effective model-based RL solutions for vision-based real-world applications require bridging the sim-to-real gap for any world model learnt. Due to its significant computational cost, standard domain randomisation does not provide an effective solution to this problem. This paper proposes TWIST (Teacher-Student World Model Distillation for Sim-to-Real Transfer) to achieve efficient sim-to-real transfer of vision-based model-based RL using distillation. Specifically, TWIST leverages state observations as readily accessible, privileged information commonly garnered from a simulator to significantly accelerate sim-to-real transfer. Specifically, a teacher world model is trained efficiently on state information. At the same time, a matching dataset is collected of domain-randomised image observations. The teacher world model then supervises a student world model that takes the domain-randomised image observations as input. By distilling the learned latent dynamics model from the teacher to the student model, TWIST achieves efficient and effective sim-to-real transfer for vision-based model-based RL tasks. Experiments in simulated and real robotics tasks demonstrate that our approach outperforms naive domain randomisation and model-free methods in terms of sample efficiency and task performance of sim-to-real transfer. Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures
Keywords	Computer Science - Robotics ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
Subject code	629 ; 006
Publishing date	2023-11-06
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: World Models via Policy-Guided Trajectory Diffusion

Rigter, Marc / Yamada, Jun / Posner, Ingmar

2023

Abstract: World models are a powerful tool for developing intelligent agents. By predicting the outcome of a sequence of actions, world models enable policies to be optimised via on-policy reinforcement learning (RL) using synthetic data, i.e. in "in imagination". ...

Abstract	World models are a powerful tool for developing intelligent agents. By predicting the outcome of a sequence of actions, world models enable policies to be optimised via on-policy reinforcement learning (RL) using synthetic data, i.e. in "in imagination". Existing world models are autoregressive in that they interleave predicting the next state with sampling the next action from the policy. Prediction error inevitably compounds as the trajectory length grows. In this work, we propose a novel world modelling approach that is not autoregressive and generates entire on-policy trajectories in a single pass through a diffusion model. Our approach, Policy-Guided Trajectory Diffusion (PolyGRAD), leverages a denoising model in addition to the gradient of the action distribution of the policy to diffuse a trajectory of initially random states and actions into an on-policy synthetic trajectory. We analyse the connections between PolyGRAD, score-based generative models, and classifier-guided diffusion models. Our results demonstrate that PolyGRAD outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in terms of trajectory prediction error for moderate-length trajectories, with the exception of autoregressive diffusion. At short horizons, PolyGRAD obtains comparable errors to autoregressive diffusion, but with significantly lower computational requirements. Our experiments also demonstrate that PolyGRAD enables performant policies to be trained via on-policy RL in imagination for MuJoCo continuous control domains. Thus, PolyGRAD introduces a new paradigm for scalable and non-autoregressive on-policy world modelling.
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Publishing date	2023-12-13
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Advances in Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment for Spinal Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Kawabata, Soya / Akeda, Koji / Yamada, Junichi / Takegami, Norihiko / Fujiwara, Tatsuhiko / Fujita, Nobuyuki / Sudo, Akihiro

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 8

Abstract: Spinal diseases are commonly associated with pain and neurological symptoms, which negatively impact patients' quality of life. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous source of multiple growth factors and cytokines, with the potential to promote ... ...

Abstract	Spinal diseases are commonly associated with pain and neurological symptoms, which negatively impact patients' quality of life. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous source of multiple growth factors and cytokines, with the potential to promote tissue regeneration. Recently, PRP has been widely used for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, including spinal diseases, in clinics. Given the increasing popularity of PRP therapy, this article examines the current literature for basic research and emerging clinical applications of this therapy for treating spinal diseases. First, we review in vitro and in vivo studies, evaluating the potential of PRP in repairing intervertebral disc degeneration, promoting bone union in spinal fusion surgeries, and aiding in neurological recovery from spinal cord injury. Second, we address the clinical applications of PRP in treating degenerative spinal disease, including its analgesic effect on low back pain and radicular pain, as well as accelerating bone union during spinal fusion surgery. Basic research demonstrates the promising regenerative potential of PRP, and clinical studies have reported on the safety and efficacy of PRP therapy for treating several spinal diseases. Nevertheless, further high-quality randomized controlled trials would be required to establish clinical evidence of PRP therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Quality of Life ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/therapy ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/metabolism ; Low Back Pain ; Platelet-Rich Plasma/metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24087677
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Article ; Online: Expression of GADD45G and CAPRIN1 in Human Nucleus Pulposus: Implications for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.

Kawaguchi, Koki / Akeda, Koji / Yamada, Junichi / Hasegawa, Takahiro / Takegami, Norihiko / Fujiwara, Tatsuhiko / Sudo, Akihiro

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 6

Abstract: Marked cellular changes occur in human intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration during disc degeneration with biochemical changes. Genome-wide analysis of the DNA methylation profile has identified 220 differentially methylated loci associated with human ... ...

Abstract	Marked cellular changes occur in human intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration during disc degeneration with biochemical changes. Genome-wide analysis of the DNA methylation profile has identified 220 differentially methylated loci associated with human IVD degeneration. Among these, two cell-cycle-associated genes, growth arrest and DNA damage 45 gamma (GADD45G) and cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein-1 (CAPRIN1), were focused on. The expression of GADD45G and CAPRIN1 in human IVDs remains unknown. We aimed to examine the expression of GADD45G and CAPRIN1 in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and evaluate those in human NP tissues in the early and advanced stages of degeneration according to Pfirrmann magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological classifications. Human NP cells were cultured as monolayers after isolation from NP tissues by sequential enzyme digestion. Total RNA was isolated, and the mRNA expression of GADD45G and CAPRIN1 was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. To examine the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on mRNA expression, human NP cells were cultured in the presence of IL-1β. Protein expression was evaluated using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. GADD45G and CAPRIN1 expression was identified in human NP cells at both mRNA and protein levels. The percentage of cells immunopositive for GADD45G and CAPRIN1 significantly increased according to the Pfirrmann grade. A significant correlation between the histological degeneration score and the percentage of GADD45G-immunopositive cells was identified, but not with that of CAPRIN1-immunopositive cells. The expression of cell-cycle-associated proteins (GADD45G and CAPRIN1) was enhanced in human NP cells at an advanced stage of degeneration, suggesting that it may be regulated during the progression of IVD degeneration to maintain the integrity of human NP tissues by controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis under epigenetic alteration.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/metabolism ; Nucleus Pulposus/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Intervertebral Disc/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; RNA, Messenger ; GADD45G protein, human ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; CAPRIN1 protein, human ; Cell Cycle Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24065768
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Article ; Online: Daily Physical Training Improved Coronal Imbalance of Adult Degenerative Scoliosis: A Case Report.

Akeda, Koji / Hasegawa, Takahiro / Kawaguchi, Koki / Yamada, Junichi / Takegami, Norihiko / Fujiwara, Tatsuhiko / Sudo, Akihiro

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

2023 Volume 59, Issue 8

Abstract: Background and ... ...

Abstract	Background and Objectives
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adult ; Female ; Aged ; Scoliosis/complications ; Scoliosis/therapy ; Swimming ; Low Back Pain/etiology ; Low Back Pain/therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Lumbosacral Region
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2188113-3
ISSN	1648-9144 ; 1010-660X
ISSN (online)	1648-9144
ISSN	1010-660X
DOI	10.3390/medicina59081443
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