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  1. Article ; Online: Securing Dynamic Service Function Chain Orchestration in EC-IoT Using Federated Learning.

    Wang, Shuyi / Yang, Longxiang

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 23

    Abstract: Dynamic service orchestration is becoming more and more necessary as IoT and edge computing technologies continue to advance due to the flexibility and diversity of services. With the surge in the number of edge devices and the increase in data volume of ...

    Abstract Dynamic service orchestration is becoming more and more necessary as IoT and edge computing technologies continue to advance due to the flexibility and diversity of services. With the surge in the number of edge devices and the increase in data volume of IoT scenarios, there are higher requirements for the transmission security of privacy information from each edge device and the processing efficiency of SFC orchestration. This paper proposes a kind of dynamic SFC orchestration security algorithm applicable to EC-IoT scenarios based on the federated learning framework, combined with a block coordinated descent approach and the quadratic penalty algorithm to achieve communication efficiency and data privacy protection. A deep reinforcement learning algorithm is used to simultaneously adapt the SFC orchestration method in order to dynamically observe environmental changes and decrease end-to-end delay. The experimental results show that compared with the existing dynamic SFC orchestration algorithms, the proposed algorithm can achieve better convergence and latency performance under the condition of privacy protection; the overall latency is reduced by about 33%, and the overall convergence speed is improved by about 9%, which not only achieves the security of data privacy protection of edge computing nodes, but also meets the requirements of dynamic SFC orchestration.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s22239041
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Analysis and Optimization for Downlink Cell-Free Massive MIMO System with Mixed DACs.

    Zhou, Meng / Zhang, Yao / Qiao, Xu / Tan, Weiqiang / Yang, Longxiang

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 8

    Abstract: This paper concentrates on the rate analysis and optimization for a downlink cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system with mixed digital-to-analog converters (DACs), where some of the access points (APs) use perfect-resolution DACs, while ...

    Abstract This paper concentrates on the rate analysis and optimization for a downlink cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system with mixed digital-to-analog converters (DACs), where some of the access points (APs) use perfect-resolution DACs, while the others exploit low-resolution DACs to reduce hardware cost and power consumption. By using the additive quantization noise model (AQNM) and conjugate beamforming receiver, a tight closed-form rate expression is derived based on the standard minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimate technique. With the derived result, the effects of the number of APs, the downlink transmitted power, the number of DAC bits, and the proportion of the perfect DACs in the mixed-DAC architecture are conducted. We find that the achievable sum rate can be improved by increasing the proportion of the perfect DACs and deploying more APs. Besides, when the DAC resolution arrives at 5-bit, the system performance will invariably approach the case of perfect DACs, which indicates that we can use 5-bit DACs to substitute the perfect DACs. Thus, it can greatly reduce system hardware cost and power consumption. Finally, the weighted max-min power allocation scheme is proposed to guarantee that the users with high priority have a higher rate, while the others are served with the same rate. The simulation results prove the proposed scheme can be effectively solved by the bisection algorithm.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s21082624
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A novel error detection due to joint CRC aided denoise-and-forward network coding for two-way relay channels.

    Cheng, Yulun / Yang, Longxiang

    TheScientificWorldJournal

    2014  Volume 2014, Page(s) 470324

    Abstract: In wireless two-way (TW) relay channels, denoise-and-forward (DNF) network coding (NC) is a promising technique to achieve spectral efficiency. However, unsuccessful detection at relay severely deteriorates the diversity gain, as well as end-to-end ... ...

    Abstract In wireless two-way (TW) relay channels, denoise-and-forward (DNF) network coding (NC) is a promising technique to achieve spectral efficiency. However, unsuccessful detection at relay severely deteriorates the diversity gain, as well as end-to-end pairwise error probability (PEP). To handle this issue, a novel joint cyclic redundancy code (CRC) check method (JCRC) is proposed in this paper by exploiting the property of two NC combined CRC codewords. Firstly, the detection probability bounds of the proposed method are derived to prove its efficiency in evaluating the reliability of NC signals. On the basis of that, three JCRC aided TW DNF NC schemes are proposed, and the corresponding PEP performances are also derived. Numerical results reveal that JCRC aided TW DNF NC has similar PEP comparing with the separate CRC one, while the complexity is reduced to half. Besides, it demonstrates that the proposed schemes outperform the conventional one with log-likelihood ratio threshold.
    MeSH term(s) Computer Communication Networks/trends ; Computer Simulation/trends ; Monte Carlo Method ; Research Design/trends ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wireless Technology/trends
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-08-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2075968-X
    ISSN 1537-744X ; 1537-744X
    ISSN (online) 1537-744X
    ISSN 1537-744X
    DOI 10.1155/2014/470324
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The interaction between the soluble programmed death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) and PD-1

    Li, Xuejiao / Du, Huan / Zhan, Shenghua / Liu, Wenting / Wang, Zhangyu / Lan, Jing / PuYang, Longxiang / Wan, Yuqiu / Qu, Qiuxia / Wang, Sining / Yang, Yang / Wang, Qin / Xie, Fang

    Frontiers in immunology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 830606

    Abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that regulatory B cells (Bregs) play important roles in inhibiting the immune response in tumors. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are important molecules that maintain the balance of the ... ...

    Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that regulatory B cells (Bregs) play important roles in inhibiting the immune response in tumors. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are important molecules that maintain the balance of the immune response and immune tolerance. This study aims to evaluate the soluble form of PD-L1 and its function in inducing the differentiation of B lymphocytes, investigate the relationship between soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and B-cell subsets, and explore the antitumor activity of T lymphocytes after PD-L1 blockade in coculture systems. In an effort to explore the role of sPD-L1 in human breast cancer etiology, we examined the levels of sPD-L1 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the serum of breast tumor patients and the proportions of B cells, PD-1
    MeSH term(s) B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; Interleukin-10 ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
    Chemical Substances B7-H1 Antigen ; CD274 protein, human ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830606
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Modeling Nanoparticle Targeting to a Vascular Surface in Shear Flow Through Diffusive Particle Dynamics.

    Peng, Bei / Liu, Yang / Zhou, Yihua / Yang, Longxiang / Zhang, Guocheng / Liu, Yaling

    Nanoscale research letters

    2015  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 942

    Abstract: Nanoparticles are regarded as promising carriers for targeted drug delivery and imaging probes. A fundamental understanding of the dynamics of polymeric nanoparticle targeting to receptor-coated vascular surfaces is therefore of great importance to ... ...

    Abstract Nanoparticles are regarded as promising carriers for targeted drug delivery and imaging probes. A fundamental understanding of the dynamics of polymeric nanoparticle targeting to receptor-coated vascular surfaces is therefore of great importance to enhance the design of nanoparticles toward improving binding ability. Although the effects of particle size and shear flow on the binding of nanoparticles to a vessel wall have been studied at the particulate level, a computational model to investigate the details of the binding process at the molecular level has not been developed. In this research, dissipative particle dynamics simulations are used to study nanoparticles with diameters of several nanometers binding to receptors on vascular surfaces under shear flow. Interestingly, shear flow velocities ranging from 0 to 2000 s(-1) had no effect on the attachment process of nanoparticles very close to the capillary wall. Increased binding energy between the ligands and wall caused a corresponding linear increase in bonding ability. Our simulations also indicated that larger nanoparticles and those of rod shape with a higher aspect ratio have better binding ability than those of smaller size or rounder shape.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-05-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2253244-4
    ISSN 1556-276X ; 1931-7573
    ISSN (online) 1556-276X
    ISSN 1931-7573
    DOI 10.1186/s11671-015-0942-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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