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Article ; Online: Partially substituting alfalfa hay with hemp forage in the diet of goats improved feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation pattern and microbial profiles.

Ran, Tao / Xu, Zhipeng / Yang, Wenzhu / Liu, Dalin / Wu, Duanqin

Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui)

2024 Volume 17, Page(s) 49–60

Abstract: The use of hemp as a forage source in livestock diets has been less studied because bioactive residues in animal tissues may pose a risk to consumers. This study investigated the effects of partial substitution of alfalfa hay (AH) with hemp forage (HF) ... ...

Abstract	The use of hemp as a forage source in livestock diets has been less studied because bioactive residues in animal tissues may pose a risk to consumers. This study investigated the effects of partial substitution of alfalfa hay (AH) with hemp forage (HF) in growing goat diets on growth performance, carcass traits, ruminal fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial communities, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant indices. Forty Xiangdong black goats with body weight (BW) 7.82 ± 0.57 kg (mean ± SD) were grouped by BW and randomly assigned into one of the four treatment diets (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-29
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-6383
ISSN (online)	2405-6383
DOI	10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.003
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Channel Pruning Method for Anchor-Free Detector

RAN Mengying, YANG Wenzhu, YIN Qunjie

Jisuanji kexue yu tansuo, Vol 17, Iss 7, Pp 1634-

2023 Volume 1643

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of large redundant parameters, high computational cost and slow detection speed of the anchor-free detector, a channel pruning method guided by double attention modules (CPDAM) is proposed to compress the anchor-free object ... ...

Abstract	Aiming at the problems of large redundant parameters, high computational cost and slow detection speed of the anchor-free detector, a channel pruning method guided by double attention modules (CPDAM) is proposed to compress the anchor-free object detectors. The performance of the channel attention and spatial attention submodules is further improved using pooling and group normalization. The improved channel attention and spatial attention submodules are fused using a channel grouping strategy and are continuously trained to generate a scale value for each channel indicating the importance of the channel on the classification task. A global scale value is calculated using the scale values and the channel pruning of the backbone network is performed based on the evaluation of channel importance by this value. The improved anchor-free object detector is experimentally validated on PASCAL VOC, ImageNet and CIFAR-100 datasets, and the experimental results show that the number of parameters of CenterNet-ResNet101 before and after pruning is decreased from 6.995×107 to 2.238×107, and the FPS is increased from 27 to 46, with only 0.6 percentage points mAP loss.
Keywords	anchor-free ; object detector ; attention module ; channel pruning ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	003
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Journal of Computer Engineering and Applications Beijing Co., Ltd., Science Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Identification and characterization of yellow stripe-like genes in maize suggest their roles in the uptake and transport of zinc and iron.

Song, Zizhao / Li, Suzhen / Li, Yu / Zhou, Xiaojin / Liu, Xiaoqing / Yang, Wenzhu / Chen, Rumei

BMC plant biology

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 3

Abstract: Background: Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) proteins are involved in the uptake and transport of metal ions. They play important roles in maintaining the zinc and iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis, rice (Oryza sativa), and barley (Hordeum vulgare). However, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) proteins are involved in the uptake and transport of metal ions. They play important roles in maintaining the zinc and iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis, rice (Oryza sativa), and barley (Hordeum vulgare). However, proteins in this family have not been fully identified and comprehensively analyzed in maize (Zea mays L.). Results: In this study, we identified 19 ZmYSLs in the maize genome and analyzed their structural features. The results of a phylogenetic analysis showed that ZmYSLs are homologous to YSLs of Arabidopsis and rice, and these proteins are divided into four independent branches. Although their exons and introns have structural differences, the motif structure is relatively conserved. Analysis of the cis-regulatory elements in the promoters indicated that ZmYSLs might play a role in response to hypoxia and light. The results of RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that ZmYSLs are expressed in various tissues and respond differently to zinc and iron deficiency. The subcellular localization of ZmYSLs in the protoplast of maize mesophyll cells showed that they may function in the membrane system. Conclusions: This study provided important information for the further functional analysis of ZmYSL, especially in the spatio-temporal expression and adaptation to nutrient deficiency stress. Our findings provided important genes resources for the maize biofortification.
MeSH term(s)	Iron/metabolism ; Zinc/metabolism ; Zea mays/metabolism ; Arabidopsis/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Chemical Substances	Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS) ; Plant Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2059868-3
ISSN	1471-2229 ; 1471-2229
ISSN (online)	1471-2229
ISSN	1471-2229
DOI	10.1186/s12870-023-04691-0
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Commercial genetically modified corn and soybean are poised following pilot planting in China.

Sun, Mei / Li, Suzhen / Yang, Wenzhu / Zhao, Bowen / Wang, Youhua / Liu, Xiaoqing

Molecular plant

2024 Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) 519–521

MeSH term(s)	Glycine max/genetics ; Zea mays/genetics ; Agriculture ; China ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2393618-6
ISSN	1752-9867 ; 1674-2052
ISSN (online)	1752-9867
ISSN	1674-2052
DOI	10.1016/j.molp.2024.03.005
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Development of antioxidant peptides from brewers’ spent grain proteins

Abeynayake, Ranithri / Zhang, Sitian / Yang, Wenzhu / Chen, Lingyun

Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie. 2022 Mar. 15, v. 158

2022

Abstract: Brewers’ spent grain (BSG), the most abundant brewing by-product contains up to 24% (w/w) of protein on a dry basis but is used as low-value animal feed. This study was conducted to develop antioxidant peptides from BSG proteins. Protease hydrolysis ... ...

Abstract	Brewers’ spent grain (BSG), the most abundant brewing by-product contains up to 24% (w/w) of protein on a dry basis but is used as low-value animal feed. This study was conducted to develop antioxidant peptides from BSG proteins. Protease hydrolysis significantly increased BSG protein solubility to 94.4% at neutral pH. Peptides prepared by Alcalase, and its combination with Neutrase, Flavourzyme, or Everlase showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activities ranging between 72.6 and 74.9%. The highest superoxide radical scavenging activity of 19.3% was observed in the hydrolysate resulted from Alcalase and Flavourzyme combination. Everlase and FoodPro PHT combined treatment was the most effective in producing ferrous ion chelating peptides. Molecular structures analysis suggests that histidine significantly contributed to DPPH radical scavenging activity of BSG peptides due to the high proton donation ability of its imidazole ring. Highly hydrolyzed BSG protein could have more positive charges to stabilize negatively charged superoxide radicals. Ferrous ion chelating ability was negatively correlated to degree of hydrolysis, suggesting that longer peptides are more likely to form compact structures to trap ferrous ions. This research has demonstrated the potential to use BSG as a cost-effective raw material to generate natural antioxidants for food applications.
Keywords	byproducts ; cost effectiveness ; feeds ; histidine ; hydrolysates ; hydrolysis ; imidazole ; pH ; peptides ; protein solubility ; raw materials ; spent grains ; subtilisin ; superoxide anion
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0315
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	241369-3
ISSN	0460-1173 ; 0023-6438
ISSN	0460-1173 ; 0023-6438
DOI	10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113162
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Methane Uptake and Nitrous Oxide Emission in Saline Soil Showed High Sensitivity to Nitrogen Fertilization Addition

Yang, Wenzhu / Hu, Youlin / Yang, Mingde / Wen, Huiyang / Jiao, Yan

Agronomy. 2023 Feb. 05, v. 13, no. 2

2023

Abstract: Saline soils can significantly affect methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, the coupling effect of nitrogen fertilization addition and saline soils on CH₄ uptake and N₂O emissions has rarely been examined ... ...

Abstract	Saline soils can significantly affect methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, the coupling effect of nitrogen fertilization addition and saline soils on CH₄ uptake and N₂O emissions has rarely been examined under various salinity conditions of soil. In this study, the effects of nitrogen fertilization addition on CH₄ and N₂O fluxes under different salinity conditions of soil in Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia, were investigated by on-site static chamber gas chromatography. A slightly saline soil (S₁) (Electrical Conductivity: 0.74 dS m⁻¹) and a strongly saline soil (S2) (EC: 2.60 dS m⁻¹) were treated at three levels of nitrogen fertilization: a high fertilization rate of 350 kg N ha⁻¹ (H), a low fertilization rate of 175 kg N ha⁻¹ (L), and no fertilizer (control treatment, referred to as CK). Nitrogen application was the important factor affecting N₂O emissions and CH₄ uptake in saline soil. The CK, L, and H treatments exhibited a cumulative CH₄ uptake of 156.8–171.9, 119.7–142.0, and 86.7–104.8 mg m⁻² in S1, 139.3–176.0, 109.6–110.6, and 68.5–75.4 mg m⁻² in S2, respectively. The cumulative N₂O emissions under the L and H treatments in S2 were 44.1–44.7%, and 74.1–91.1% higher than those in S1. Nitrogen fertilizer application to saline soils reduced CH₄ uptake and promoted N₂O emission in the Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia. Our results indicate that mitigating soil salinity and adopting appropriated fertilizer amounts may help to cope with global climate change.
Keywords	agronomy ; climate change ; electrical conductivity ; fertilizer application ; gas chromatography ; greenhouses ; irrigation ; methane ; nitrogen ; nitrogen fertilizers ; nitrous oxide ; nitrous oxide production ; saline soils ; salinity ; soil salinity ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0205
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2607043-1
ISSN	2073-4395
ISSN	2073-4395
DOI	10.3390/agronomy13020473
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Multiscale Global Adaptive Attention Graph Neural Network

GOU Ruru, YANG Wenzhu, LUO Zifei, YUAN Yunfeng

Jisuanji kexue yu tansuo, Vol 17, Iss 12, Pp 3039-

2023 Volume 3051

Abstract: Dynamic multiscale graph neural networks have high motion prediction errors due to the low correlation between the internal joints of body parts and the limited perceptual fields. A multiscale global adaptive attention graph neural network for human ... ...

Abstract	Dynamic multiscale graph neural networks have high motion prediction errors due to the low correlation between the internal joints of body parts and the limited perceptual fields. A multiscale global adaptive attention graph neural network for human motion prediction is proposed to reduce motion prediction errors. Firstly, a multi-distance partitioning strategy for dividing skeleton joint is proposed to improve the degree of temporal and spatial correlation of body joint information. Secondly, a global adaptive attention spatial temporal graph convolutional network is designed to dynamically enhance the network??s attention to the spatial temporal joints contributing to a motion in combination with global adaptive attention. Finally, this paper integrates the above two improvements into the graph convolutional neural network gate recurrent unit to enhance the state propagation performance of the decoding network and reduce prediction errors. Experimental results show that the prediction error of the proposed method is decreased on Human 3.6M dataset, CMU Mocap dataset and 3DPW dataset compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Keywords	motion prediction ; multi-distance partitioning strategy ; global adaptive attention ; spatial temporal graph convolution neural network ; gated recurrent unit ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	629 ; 006
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Journal of Computer Engineering and Applications Beijing Co., Ltd., Science Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Effect of commercial slow-release urea product on in vitro rumen fermentation and ruminal microbial community using RUSITEC technique

Guo, Yongmei / Xiao, Ling / Jin, Long / Yan, Sumei / Niu, Dongyan / Yang, Wenzhu

Journal of animal science and biotechnology. 2022 Dec., v. 13, no. 1

2022

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of commercial slow-release urea (SRU) on in vitro fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, gas production, microbial protein synthesis and bacterial community using a ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of commercial slow-release urea (SRU) on in vitro fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, gas production, microbial protein synthesis and bacterial community using a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). The experiment was a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications of each treatment. Treatments were: control diet (no SRU addition), control diet plus 0.28% SRU (U28), or plus 0.56% SRU (U56), and control diet that was modified substituting a part of soybean meal equivalent to 0.35% SRU (MU35; dry matter [DM] basis). The experiment consisted of 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of data and sample collection. Rumen inoculum was obtained from three ruminally fistulated Angus cows fed the same diet to the substrate incubated. RESULTS: Digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), fibre and starch was not affected, but daily production of gas (P < 0.07) and methane (P < 0.05) was quadratically increased with increasing SRU supplementation. The increase of SRU addition did not affect fermentation pH and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, whereas linearly (P < 0.01) decreased proportion of propionate, and linearly (P < 0.01) increased acetate to propionate ratio and ammonia nitrogen (N) concentration. The microbial N efficiency was also linearly (P < 0.03) improved with increasing supplementation of SRU. In comparison with control diet, the dietary substitution of SRU for part of soybean meal increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of DM, OM and CP and decreased (P < 0.02) the total gas production. The total VFA production and acetate to propionate ratio did not differ between control and MU35, whereas the proportion of butyrate was lower (P < 0.05) and that of branched-chain VFA was greater (P < 0.05) with MU35 than control diet. Total and liquid-associated microbial N production as well as ammonia N concentration were greater (P < 0.03) with MU35 than control diet. Observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Shannon diversity index, and beta diversity of the microbial community did not differ among treatments. Taxonomic analysis revealed no effect of adding SRU on the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum level, while at the genus level, the beneficial impact of SRU on relative abundance of Rikenellaceae and Prevotellaceae in feed particle-associated bacteria, and the abundance of Roseburia in liquid associate bacteria was greater (P < 0.05) with MU35. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of a dairy cow diet with SRU showed potential of increase in ammonia N concentration and microbial protein production, and change fermentation pattern to more acetate production. Adding SRU in dairy cow diet also showed beneficial effect on improving digestibility of OM and fibre. The results suggest that SRU can partially substitute soybean meal in dairy cow diet to increase microbial protein production without impairing rumen fermentation.
Keywords	Angus ; Roseburia ; acetates ; ammonium nitrogen ; bacterial communities ; biotechnology ; butyrates ; cattle feeds ; crude protein ; dairy cows ; diet ; digestibility ; fermentation ; fistulated animals ; inoculum ; liquids ; methane ; organic matter ; pH ; propionic acid ; protein synthesis ; rumen ; soybean meal ; species diversity ; starch ; urea ; volatile fatty acids
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 56.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2630162-3
ISSN	2049-1891 ; 1674-9782
ISSN (online)	2049-1891
ISSN	1674-9782
DOI	10.1186/s40104-022-00700-8
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Mechanisms underlying nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen leaching from potato fields under drip irrigation and furrow irrigation

Yu, Yaze / Jiao, Yan / Yang, Wenzhu / Song, Chunni / Zhang, Jing / Liu, Yubin

Agricultural water management. 2022 Feb. 01, v. 260

2022

Abstract: Irrigation methods can affect nitrogen loss in agricultural soil. Exploring the effects of different irrigation methods on soil nitrogen losses in arid areas can provide a basis for more effective water and fertilizer management. A 2-year field ... ...

Abstract	Irrigation methods can affect nitrogen loss in agricultural soil. Exploring the effects of different irrigation methods on soil nitrogen losses in arid areas can provide a basis for more effective water and fertilizer management. A 2-year field experiment was performed, using a static chamber and soil solution extractor, to quantify nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and nitrogen leaching from upland soils during various potato plant growth stages. The treatments included drip fertigation without fertilizer, drip fertigation + 500 kg N /hm², drip fertigation + 1000 kg N /hm², furrow irrigation without fertilizer, furrow irrigation + 500 kg N /hm², and furrow irrigation + 1000 kg N /hm². N₂O emissions and nitrogen leaching were significantly different at the different potato growth stages (P＜0.01). Under both irrigation methods, the peak N₂O emissions appeared during the tuber setting and swelling stages, and the total emission ratios of the two stages under each treatment in these two periods were 56–89% in 2018 and 2019. Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂⁻) plays a crucial role in N₂O emissions. A significant peak in N₂O emissions was found to be related to the existence of NO₂⁻. The correlation coefficient between NO₂⁻ concentration and N₂O emissions reached 0.6413 (P＜0.05). Leaching losses also peaked during the tuber setting and swelling stages, with ratios of 51.14–84.22%. Compared with furrow irrigation, the N₂O emissions from drip irrigation were decreased by 34.10–81.36%, nitrogen leaching decreased by 35.26–68.35%, and the N₂O emission intensity decreased by 40.0–86.9%. Drip irrigation can effectively decrease nitrogen losses, and is an effective strategy to save water, to mitigate the emission of atmospheric pollutants such as N₂O, and reduce nitrogen leaching.
Keywords	agricultural soils ; emissions factor ; fertigation ; fertilizers ; field experimentation ; furrow irrigation ; highlands ; microirrigation ; nitrogen ; nitrogen dioxide ; nitrous oxide ; plant growth ; potatoes ; soil solution ; water management
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0201
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	751144-9
ISSN	1873-2283 ; 0378-3774
ISSN (online)	1873-2283
ISSN	0378-3774
DOI	10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107270
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Feeding diets varying in forage proportion and particle length to lactating dairy cows: I. Effects on ruminal pH and fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, digestibility, and milk production.

Li, Chun / Beauchemin, Karen A / Yang, Wenzhu

Journal of dairy science

2020 Volume 103, Issue 5, Page(s) 4340–4354

Abstract: Physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content of dairy cow diets was modified by varying the theoretical chop length of alfalfa silage and forage:concentrate (F:C) ratio, and effects on nutrient intakes, ruminal fermentation, site and ... ...

Abstract	Physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content of dairy cow diets was modified by varying the theoretical chop length of alfalfa silage and forage:concentrate (F:C) ratio, and effects on nutrient intakes, ruminal fermentation, site and extent of digestion, microbial protein synthesis, and milk production were evaluated. Estimates of dietary peNDF contents were compared with recommendations, and predictions of ruminal pH from peNDF and the recently developed physically adjusted neutral detergent fiber (paNDF) system were compared with observed pH. The experiment was designed as a triple 4 × 4 Latin square using 12 mid-lactating dairy cows with 4 intact, 4 ruminally cannulated, and 4 ruminally and duodenally cannulated cows. Site and extent of digestion and microbial protein synthesis were measured in a single 4 × 4 Latin square. Treatments were a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement; 2 forage particle lengths (FPL) of alfalfa silage (short and long) were combined with low (35:65) and high (60:40) F:C ratios [dry matter (DM) basis]. The peNDF contents were determined by multiplying the proportion (DM basis) of total mixed ration retained on 2 (8 and 19 mm; peNDF
MeSH term(s)	Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Cattle/microbiology ; Cattle/physiology ; Diet/veterinary ; Digestion ; Female ; Fermentation ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lactation ; Milk/metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; Rumen/physiology
Chemical Substances	Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2019-17606
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