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Article ; Online: Can Green Financial Reform Policies Promote Enterprise Development? Empirical Evidence from China

Hongjian Yu / Yao Zhao / Guitao Qiao / Mahmood Ahmad

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 2692, p

2023 Volume 2692

Abstract: Green finance is considered a viable way to promote sustainable economic development and can effectively enhance enterprise development by alleviating financing constraints and eliminating liquidity risk. The Chinese government has formulated many ... ...

Abstract	Green finance is considered a viable way to promote sustainable economic development and can effectively enhance enterprise development by alleviating financing constraints and eliminating liquidity risk. The Chinese government has formulated many policies to promote sustainable and enterprise development, including the green financial reform policy, but the implementation of the green financial reform policy is still unclear. In this context, this study employs the difference in difference (DID) method to evaluate the impact of green financial reform policy on enterprise development by using the data of 33,539 Chinese enterprises from 2007 to 2021. The empirical findings indicate that the green finance pilot policy posed a significant impact on the enterprises’ development level. The green financial reform policy accelerates enterprise development by reducing enterprise financing constraints, increasing the number of government subsidies received by enterprises, and improving corporate social responsibility. In addition, the green financial policy reform has varying impacts on various types of enterprises. The results further indicate that it has promoted advancing state-owned enterprises and low-polluting enterprises’ development toward high quality. In contrast, it has not played a similar role for non-state-owned enterprises and high-pollution enterprises. Based on the results, important policy implications are suggested to promote enterprises’ sustainable and high-quality development.
Keywords	green finance pilot policy ; enterprise development ; China ; difference in difference ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	320
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Digital Economy, Industrial Structure, and Environmental Quality

Yao Zhao / Xuena Kong / Mahmood Ahmad / Zahoor Ahmed

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 2377, p

Assessing the Roles of Educational Investment, Green Innovation, and Economic Globalization

2023 Volume 2377

Abstract: This study constructs a digital economy (DE) index and explores its impact on environmental quality by utilizing data from China’s 287 prefecture-level cities from 2013 to 2019. Unlike past studies, this research examines the indirect effect of DE on ... ...

Abstract	This study constructs a digital economy (DE) index and explores its impact on environmental quality by utilizing data from China’s 287 prefecture-level cities from 2013 to 2019. Unlike past studies, this research examines the indirect effect of DE on environmental pollution through the channels of industrial structure and educational investment. Further, it also analyzes the moderating role of economic globalization and green technology innovation in the nexus between DE and environmental quality. The empirical results indicate that DE significantly and positively enhances environmental quality by mitigating environmental pollution. This outcome remained stable after a series of empirical analyses and stability checks. Secondly, DE positively affects ecological and environmental quality by improving education levels and upgrading industrial structures. Thirdly, green technological innovation and economic globalization positively and significantly moderate the effect of DE development on ecological and environmental quality. Fourthly, associations between the development of DE and environmental quality are heterogeneous in terms of regions and markets, among which the most significant impact exists in the eastern area and the area with higher marketization. Based on the empirical findings, this paper provides comprehensive recommendations for promoting the DE and advancing China’s environmental quality. Based on the results, important policy implications are suggested.
Keywords	digital economy ; environmental quality ; industrial structure upgrading ; educational investment ; technology innovation ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Global, national, and regional burden of acute myeloid leukemia among 60–89 years-old individuals

Pengyin Chen / Xinling Liu / Yao Zhao / Yuyuan Hu / Jiaxin Guo / Haiying Wang

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

insights from a study covering the period 1990 to 2019

2024 Volume 11

Abstract: BackgroundOur study examined the global, national, and regional trends in the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with older people’s acute myeloid leukemia (AML) over a 30 years period. AML, which predominantly ... ...

Abstract	BackgroundOur study examined the global, national, and regional trends in the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with older people’s acute myeloid leukemia (AML) over a 30 years period. AML, which predominantly affects individuals aged 60–89, is known for its severity and unfavorable prognosis. By providing insights into the growing burden of AML, our research highlights the urgent need for effective interventions and support at various levels.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed older people with AML aged 60–89 using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database for 2019. Our goal was to assess trends and characteristics by examining the incidence rate, mortality rate, DALYs, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). We aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease’s trajectory and development.ResultsIn 2019, the older age group of 60 to 89 years reported 61,559 new cases of AML, with the corresponding number of deaths being 53,620, and the estimated DALYs standing at 990,656. Over the last 30 years, the incidence rate of AML in this age bracket increased by 1.67 per 100,000 people, the mortality rate rose by 1.57 per 100,000 people, and the rate of DALYs, indicative of disease burden, climbed by 1.42 per 100,000 people. High Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions, particularly high-income North America and Australia, had the highest incidence rates. Germany had the highest incidence rate among the 204 countries analyzed, while Monaco reported the highest mortality and DALY rates. Smoking, high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and formaldehyde were identified as significant risk factors associated with mortality from older people with AML in 2019.ConclusionOur study showed that the incidence, mortality, and DALY rates of AML in the older population were strongly correlated with the SDI, and these rates have been steadily increasing. This had become an increasingly serious global health issue, particularly in areas with a high SDI. We ...
Keywords	AML ; burden ; incidence ; mortality ; DALYs ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: MFAN

Yu Sun / Rongrong Ni / Yao Zhao

Entropy, Vol 24, Iss 118, p

Multi-Level Features Attention Network for Fake Certificate Image Detection

2022 Volume 118

Abstract: Up to now, most of the forensics methods have attached more attention to natural content images. To expand the application of image forensics technology, forgery detection for certificate images that can directly represent people’s rights and interests ... ...

Abstract	Up to now, most of the forensics methods have attached more attention to natural content images. To expand the application of image forensics technology, forgery detection for certificate images that can directly represent people’s rights and interests is investigated in this paper. Variable tampered region scales and diverse manipulation types are two typical characteristics in fake certificate images. To tackle this task, a novel method called Multi-level Feature Attention Network (MFAN) is proposed. MFAN is built following the encoder–decoder network structure. In order to extract features with rich scale information in the encoder, on the one hand, we employ Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) on the final layer of a pre-trained residual network to capture the contextual information at different scales; on the other hand, low-level features are concatenated to ensure the sensibility to small targets. Furthermore, the resulting multi-level features are recalibrated on channels for irrelevant information suppression and enhancing the tampered regions, guiding the MFAN to adapt to diverse manipulation traces. In the decoder module, the attentive feature maps are convoluted and unsampled to effectively generate the prediction mask. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms some state-of-the-art forensics methods.
Keywords	image forensics ; certificate image ; multi-level features ; feature recalibration ; Science ; Q ; Astrophysics ; QB460-466 ; Physics ; QC1-999
Subject code	004 ; 006
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Controllable quantum scars induced by spin-orbit couplings in quantum dots.

Zhang, Lin / Hu, Yutao / Yao, Zhao / Liu, Xiaochi / Luo, Wenchen / Sun, Kehui / Chakraborty, Tapash

Discover nano

2024 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 72

Abstract: Spin-orbit couplings (SOCs), originating from the relativistic corrections in the Dirac equation, offer nonlinearity in the classical limit and are capable of driving chaotic dynamics. In a nanoscale quantum dot confined by a two-dimensional parabolic ... ...

Abstract	Spin-orbit couplings (SOCs), originating from the relativistic corrections in the Dirac equation, offer nonlinearity in the classical limit and are capable of driving chaotic dynamics. In a nanoscale quantum dot confined by a two-dimensional parabolic potential with SOCs, various quantum scar states emerge quasi-periodically in the eigenstates of the system, when the ratio of confinement energies in the two directions is nearly commensurable. The scars, displaying both quantum interference and classical trajectory features on the electron density, due to relativistic effects, serve as a bridge between the classical and quantum behaviors of the system. When the strengths of Rashba and Dresselhaus SOCs are identical, the chaos in the classical limit is eliminated as the classical Hamilton's equations become linear, leading to the disappearance of all quantum scar states. Importantly, the quantum scars induced by SOCs are robust against small perturbations of system parameters. With precise control achievable through external gating, the quantum scar induced by Rashba SOC is fully controllable and detectable.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2731-9229
ISSN (online)	2731-9229
DOI	10.1186/s11671-024-04015-7
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Afforestation affects soil seed banks by altering soil properties and understory plants on the eastern Loess Plateau, China

Yao Zhao / Meng Li / Jiayong Deng / Baitian Wang

Ecological Indicators, Vol 126, Iss , Pp 107670- (2021)

2021

Abstract: To solve the serious soil erosion problem on the Loess Plateau, large-scale reforestation efforts have been carried out in the past few decades. However, previous studies on the species diversity of these reforestation plantations focused mainly on the ... ...

Abstract	To solve the serious soil erosion problem on the Loess Plateau, large-scale reforestation efforts have been carried out in the past few decades. However, previous studies on the species diversity of these reforestation plantations focused mainly on the aboveground vegetation while ignoring the value of soil seed banks for diversity conservation. An understanding of the determinants of the soil seed banks is particularly lacking. We investigated the compositional characteristics of understory plants and soil seed banks in rehabilitation areas with different vegetation types in the Caijiachuan watershed in Shanxi, China. The results indicated that the understory vegetation and soil seed banks differed significantly among the different vegetation types. The rehabilitation effect of plantations was significantly better than that of naturally restored abandoned farmland, while the selection of afforestation tree species was also crucial. In this respect, coniferous forests (Pinus tabulaeformis) were not as effective as broad-leaved forests (Robinia pseudoacacia) and mixed coniferous-broad-leaved forests in terms of vegetation recovery. In addition, there were significant differences between the composition of the seed bank and the actual vegetation, but the soil seed banks in the plantations may nonetheless contribute to the reconstruction of the aboveground vegetation; the R. pseudoacacia forest and mixed forest showed greater regeneration potential from the seed bank. Afforestation significantly affected the composition and structure of the understory plant and seed banks by altering the understory habitat. Correspondingly, we inferred that afforestation may restrict the development of understory plants and seed banks mainly by regulating soil moisture and canopy density. Therefore, in vegetation communities with high afforestation density or canopy density, measures such as thinning or pruning should be implemented to provide suitable habitat for understory plant growth and seed germination. In addition, most plantations in this area are composed of a single tree species, so we suggest that human interventions to promote the conversion of single-species plantations to diversified or uneven-aged forests should be performed.
Keywords	Plantations ; Soil properties ; Understory vegetation ; Soil seed bank ; Diversity ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An Ant-Mimicking Jumping Spider Achieves Higher Predation Probability with Lower Success Rate When Exposed to Ethanol

Guocheng Yu / Zichang Li / Yao Zhao / Jie Liu / Yu Peng

Insects, Vol 13, Iss 1009, p

2022 Volume 1009

Abstract: Ethanol (ETOH) affects many animals’ behaviour in nature; for example, honeybees become more aggressive after consuming ETOH. In previous studies, scientists have used honeybees and fruit flies as models to determine if they showed a strong preference to ...

Abstract	Ethanol (ETOH) affects many animals’ behaviour in nature; for example, honeybees become more aggressive after consuming ETOH. In previous studies, scientists have used honeybees and fruit flies as models to determine if they showed a strong preference to ETOH. Moreover, ETOH could affect their locomotion and learning abilities. However, whether and how ETOH affects spiders is unclear as of yet. In this study, we used empirical experiments to determine whether spiders showed preference for ETOH, as well as the potential benefits of spiders choosing ETOH, by using a common spider, Myrmarachne gisti , which has a high probability of contacting ETOH in their habitat. In our experiment, M. gisti showed a significant preference for ETOH. Although the success rate of the first attack was significantly decreased when M. gisti were exposed to ETOH, they had a significantly higher predation probability, since fruit flies also showed a significant preference for ETOH. Our findings suggested that ETOH could affect the prey capture efficiency of M. gisti, and indicated that spiders might evolve to use ETOH to locate a potential hunting place. Taken together, our findings suggested that M. gisti evolved to adapt to ETOH and could use it as a signal of the presence of food resources.
Keywords	ETOH ; salticids ; ETOH preference ; prey capture efficiency ; predation probability ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Anti-Forensics of Image Contrast Enhancement Based on Generative Adversarial Network

Hao Zou / Pengpeng Yang / Rongrong Ni / Yao Zhao

Security and Communication Networks, Vol

2021 Volume 2021

Abstract: In the multimedia forensics community, anti-forensics of contrast enhancement (CE) in digital images is an important topic to understand the vulnerability of the corresponding CE forensic method. Some traditional CE anti-forensic methods have ... ...

Abstract	In the multimedia forensics community, anti-forensics of contrast enhancement (CE) in digital images is an important topic to understand the vulnerability of the corresponding CE forensic method. Some traditional CE anti-forensic methods have demonstrated their effective forging ability to erase forensic fingerprints of the contrast-enhanced image in histogram and even gray level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM), while they ignore the problem that their ways of pixel value changes can expose them in the pixel domain. In this paper, we focus on the study of CE anti-forensics based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to handle the problem mentioned above. Firstly, we exploit GAN to process the contrast-enhanced image and make it indistinguishable from the unaltered one in the pixel domain. Secondly, we introduce a specially designed histogram-based loss to enhance the attack effectiveness in the histogram domain and the GLCM domain. Thirdly, we use a pixel-wise loss to keep the visual enhancement effect of the processed image. The experimental results show that our method achieves high anti-forensic attack performance against CE detectors in the pixel domain, the histogram domain, and the GLCM domain, respectively, and maintains the highest image quality compared with traditional CE anti-forensic methods.
Keywords	Technology (General) ; T1-995 ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi-Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Efficacy of Whole Oyster Shells for Removing Copper, Zinc, Chromium, and Cadmium Heavy Metal Ions from Stormwater

Zhiying Xu / Caterina Valeo / Angus Chu / Yao Zhao

Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 4184, p

2021 Volume 4184

Abstract: This research investigates the use of a common food waste product for removing four different types of metals typically found in stormwater. Whole, unprocessed oyster shells are explored for use in stormwater management infrastructure that addresses ... ...

Abstract	This research investigates the use of a common food waste product for removing four different types of metals typically found in stormwater. Whole, unprocessed oyster shells are explored for use in stormwater management infrastructure that addresses water quality concerns. The role of the shells’ surface area, exposure time, and the solution’s initial concentration on the removal efficiency were examined. Beaker scale experimental results demonstrated very good efficiency by the oyster shells for removing copper ions (80–95%), cadmium ions (50–90%), and zinc ions (30–80%) but the shells were not as effective in removing hexavalent chromium (20–60%). There was a positive relationship between initial concentration and removal efficiency for copper and zinc ions, a negative relationship for hexavalent chromium, and no relationship was found for cadmium ions. There was also a positive relationship between surface area and removal efficiency, and exposure time and removal efficiency. However, after a certain exposure time, the increase in removal efficiency was negligible and desorption was occasionally observed. A mid-scale experiment to mimic real-world conditions was conducted in which continuous inflow based on a 6-h design storm was applied to 2.7 kg of whole, unprocessed oyster shells. The shells provided an 86% and an 84% removal efficiency of cadmium and copper ions, respectively, in one day of hydraulic retention time. No removal was observed for hexavalent chromium, and zinc ion removal was only observed after initial leaching. This work has significant implications for sustainable stormwater infrastructure design using a material commonly found in municipal food waste.
Keywords	heavy metals ; whole oyster shells ; stormwater treatment ; surface area ; initial concentration ; exposure time ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Polychromatic drivers for inertial fusion energy

Yao Zhao / Zhengming Sheng / Zijian Cui / Lei Ren / Jianqiang Zhu

New Journal of Physics, Vol 24, Iss 4, p

2022 Volume 043025

Abstract: Although tremendous achievements have been made toward inertial confinement fusion, laser plasma instabilities (LPIs) remain to be an inevitable problem for current drive schemes. To mitigate these instabilities, significant efforts have been paid to ... ...

Abstract	Although tremendous achievements have been made toward inertial confinement fusion, laser plasma instabilities (LPIs) remain to be an inevitable problem for current drive schemes. To mitigate these instabilities, significant efforts have been paid to produce high-power broadband ultraviolet lasers. However, no practical scheme has been demonstrated up to now for efficient triple-frequency conversion of broadband laser. Here we propose the design of polychromatic drivers for the generation of multicolor beams mainly based upon the optical parametric amplification, which can significantly enhance the third-harmonic conversion efficiency. Each polychromatic light has four colors of monochromatic beamlets with a full spectrum width of 3%, and the beamlet colors of any two adjacent flanges are different. The suppression effects of such polychromatic lights have been investigated via large scale particle-in-cell simulations, which indicate that more than 35% of the incident energy can be saved from the LPIs compared with monochromatic lasers for the direct-drive scheme, or high-density filled target for the indirect-drive scheme. The proposed polychromatic drivers are based on the matured technologies, and thus may pave the way towards realization of robust and high-efficiency fusion ignition.
Keywords	inertial fusion energy ; laser plasma instability ; stimulated Raman scattering ; stimulated Brillouin scattering ; two-plasmon decay ; broadband laser ; Science ; Q ; Physics ; QC1-999
Subject code	535
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IOP Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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